Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure

Green Technology SummitApril 19, 2011

Overview

• Background• Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Activities

– ARB Regulations– Plug-in Electric Vehicles are Here!– EV Infrastructure– Incentives– Finding a Clean Car– Plug-in Electric Vehicle Collaborative (PEVC)

• Conclusions

Who We Are

• California Air Resources Board is part of the California Environmental Protection Agency

• Our Mission is:To promote and protect public health, welfare and ecological resources through the effective and efficient reduction of air pollutants while recognizing and considering the effects on the economy of the state.

The Goal is Zero

A car today is 90% cleaner than one produced in 1960…….but more needs to be done to meet our smog and greenhouse gas goals

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Regulations - History

• ZEV regulation originally adopted in 1990• Modified over the years to account for

technology readiness and cost• Successes

– Hybrids - 250,000– Battery electric - 30,000 with many more coming to

market– Plug-in Hybrids coming to market– Fuel Cells not too far off

• Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Standards• AB 1493 Pavely – GHG Standards

Future Standards

Advanced Clean Cars Package going to Board in November 2011

– Aligning GHG standards with Federal Government (2017-2025 models)

– Reducing smog/tailpipe standards (2014 –2025 models)

– ZEV 2.0 mandate (2018+ models)

Plug-in Electric Vehicles are Here!

Chevy Volt

• Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

• Can go about 35 miles using only the battery

• Costs about $32,780 with incentives

• Available now in limited quantities with plans to increase production

Nissan Leaf• 100% Electric Vehicle• $20,280 with federal and

state incentives• About 70 miles per charge• Available in limited

quantities with plans to increase production

• Some Great Benefits…– Home Charging– Carpool Lane– Quiet smooth driving– Free parking in Sacramento

More to Come

• Ford Focus EV• Rav4 EV• Tesla Model S• Mitsubishi i-MiEV• Toyota Plug-in Prius• Smart ED• Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles from Honda, Kia,

Toyota, Nissan, Mercedes and General Motors– When there are more hydrogen fueling stations

Electric Vehicle Infrastructure

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SAE J1772

Good news: All U.S. EVs and plug-in hybrids will be equipped with industry-standard SAE J1772 “inlets” to connect to AC.

– This system makes charging safer, and also – makes public or shared infrastructure much

more cost effective

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Need for Public Infrastructure?

Opinions vary:– Some automakers believe public chargers may

be needed to make early customers feel more secure- to help address “range anxiety”. Not known yet how much they are needed, or how they will be used.

• Emergency use?, or• Routine use?

– Others believe that fast-charge stations might be useful along major inter-city corridors

– Several studies underway, results in 2013

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Need for Public Infrastructure?

Infrastructure ResearchResults 2013

• The EV Project (http://www.theevproject.com/)– Federal grants to deploy home and public

chargers in 18 major cities including San Francisco, LA and San Diego

• ChargePoint America/Coloumb– Federal grants to provide free home and public

charging stations in Sacramento, San Jose/San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles

– Ford Focus EV, Ford Transit Connect, Smart Fortwo ED and Chevy Volt

CA Early Infrastructure Status

• ~3,000 Public EV charging stations once existed in California– Not all in working condition, many are obsolete– Some still-operating stations were maintained and

repaired by volunteers! • Good news - CEC has awarded $1.9M grant to

Clipper Creek to update California's existing public chargers – “Clipper Creek Update Existing EV infrastructure To

SAE-J1772 Without Stranding Existing Drivers”• Many local areas funding infrastructure

PEV IncentivesBringing Down the Costs

PEV Incentives

• Federal Tax Credits- Up to $7500 for PEVs- Up to $4000 for FCVs

• California Clean Vehicle Rebate Project- Up to $1,500 for NEVs and ZEMs- Up to $5000 for BEVs/FCVs- Up to $3000 for eligible AT PZEV- Remaining Funds $5,259,429- Funding will continue but possibly at lower amounts

per car.

PEV Incentives (con’t)

• Charger Installations• Federal - 30% tax credit (up to $2000) for

home chargers• California - CEC AB 118 - $15M grants for

public charging• Other

• HOV Lane Access• Free parking (local programs)

HOV Lane Access• Yellow Stickers - hybrids

– Program expires July 1, 2011• White Stickers

– Federal Inherently Low Emission Vehicles (ILEV) that meet SULEV or ZEV emissions standards can still get sticker and use lane

– CNG, PEV, H2 fuel cell– Expires in 2015

• New Program– Begins in 2012 – Qualifying vehicles are Enhanced AT PZEVs– Maximum of 40,000 vehicles– Expires in 2015

California is Taking the Lead

California PEV Collaborative

• Public-Private partnership• Released Strategic Plan in

December 2010• Will continue for next two

years to help achieve market growth by 2020

• Mission is to facilitate deployment of PEVs in CA

• Goal is to fill in the gaps and not take over what is already being done

Finding a Clean Car

Buy Green - Look for the Label

DriveClean.ca.gov

• All certified vehicles

• EP Label scores

• Side by side comparisons

• Incentives• Fueling/

Charging information

Join us on Facebook

• www.facebook.comdriveclean

• Learn about the latest cars and technologies

Conclusions

• This is an exciting time for California• We are aligning with Federal Government• Many electric drive vehicles are coming to

market• The State wants to play a key role to

ensure the success of plug-in electric vehicles to meet our economic, energy and environmental goals.

Contacts:Lisa Chiladakislchilada@arb.ca.gov

Links:ARB’s Advanced Clean Cars –www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/clean_cars/clean_cars.htmDrive Clean - www.driveclean.ca.govDrive Clean on Facebook – www.facebook.com/drivecleanCVRP - energycenter.orgPEV Collaborative - www.evcollaborative.orgHOV information –www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/carpool/carpool.htm

Resources