© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

John HalliwellPrincipal Project Manager – Electric

Transportation

NERC-DOE FIDVR WorkshopSeptember 30, 2015

Washington, D.C.

Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging

Characteristics

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Outline

Electric Vehicle Supply EquipmentCharging System TopologiesCharging CharacteristicsVehicle Voltage Response

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Some Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Samples

Level 1 AC - Cord Set

120V charging

Level 2 AC

208/240V charging

DC Fast

208/480V 3phase input

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Plug-in Vehicle On-board System Topology

J1772™ Charge Port

Traction Battery

PEV

Battery Management

System

Charger AC/DC

DC

AC

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Topology and Nomenclature – AC Charging

1-ph AC Service

120/208/240V

J1772 Charge Port

Charger AC/DC

ACTraction Battery

PEV

EVSE

Battery Management

System

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DC Charging

3-ph AC ServiceDC

EVSE 208/480V

DC Charge Port

PEV

BMS

Traction Battery

DC

Charger AC/DC

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Wireless Charging

1-ph AC Service208/240V

Charger AC/DC

Traction Battery

PEV

BMS

Wireless EVSE

DC

85kHz AC

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No Matter the Charging Technology…

Regulation is at the battery (DC load side)– V and I controlled by Battery

Management System– From AC input, generally looks

like a constant power load with a current limit

Standards, wire sizing, etc..– Based on input current

Response to off-normal conditions mix of:– OEM designed charge

management– Third party charge station design

(AC, DC Wireless)

REGULATION at DC

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Power versus Time

DC “FAST” CHARGING

AC Level 2 CHARGING

AC Level 1 CHARGING

Wireless CHARGING

Up to 100+ kW

Up to 19.2 kW

Up to 2 kW

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Hits current limit of ~18A around 208V

Roughly Constant Power down to

208V

EPRI 2011 Nissan Leaf Data

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Portion of curve highlighted with RED line is the expected typical operational region

Roughly constant power down to

208V

EPRI 2011 Chevy Volt

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This Sample Waveform was Used

13© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.6727W

6700W 6745W

6730W

Cur

rent

(A)

Volta

ge (V

)P

ower

(W)

46.3s

2013 Nissan Leaf – Response to FIDVR Voltage Profile

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2013 Nissan Leaf – Response to FIDVR Voltage Profile - 2C

urre

nt (A

)Vo

ltage

(V)

Voltage Reduction

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Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity