player development webinar-final

7/25/2019 Player Development Webinar-final

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Athlete Development Models:An Essential Variable inAchieving Elite Athlete Success

Dr. Matthew J. RobinsonProfessor of Sport Management

Director of International Coaching Enrichment CertificateProgram

University of Delaware


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Define athlete developmentAssess the weaknesses in existing athlete developmentplatforms.Present the variables that impact elite athletedevelopment.Present existing models for athlete development.Define the focus of the coach in the stages.

Discuss theories of free play and deliberate practice inrelation to athlete development.Define the role of the coach in each of the stages.Promote the development of master coaches in thedifferent stages of development.

Presentation Objectives


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Factors Determining Individual andNational Success

I n d i vi d

u al

S u c c e s s

Macro-level

Meso-level

Micro-levelAthletePersonal Environment

Policies/politics

Social/ cultural context

N a t i on

al

S u c c e s s

N a t i on

al

S u c c e s s

Factors that can not beinfluenced

Factors easily influenced by

sport policies

Factors easily influenced bysport policies

Factors that can not beinfluencedDeBosscher, Bingham, Shibli, van Bottenburg, DeKnop, 2008)


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SPLISS analyticalmodel

Organization and structure of

sport policies : an integrated approachto sport policy

Scientific Research

Internationalcompetition

Coaching provision andcoach development

Training facilities

Financial Support

Athletic and post-Careersupport

Talent identification anddevelopment system

Foundation andparticipation

N a t i o n a

l G o

v e r n

i n g B o

d i e s

Elite sport EnvironmentMedia and Sponsoring

Output

T h r o u g

h p u t

I n p u

t

Input

Input

DeBosscher et al 2008


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A logical, sequenced pathwayYou cant write War and Peace without mastering the alphabet, words,sentences, and paragraphs.A First Grade Teacher does not follow a class to the senior year of highschool.

It is an expression of a philosophy for an organization.How do you create an elite player?

It is a framework for accountability and aligning training, games andprograms.It is a guide for planning of training for all stages of the developmentof an athlete.

Athlete Development


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Under-training and over-competing young athletes.

Superimposing adult competition schedules on youngathletes (the system of competition).

Superimposing adult training programmes on youngathletes.

Superimposing male programmes on females.

Past and Present Criticisms of AthleteDevelopment Platforms


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Focusing on chronological age versus maturation

level and this dominates training and competitiondesigns from ages 11 to 16.

Not capitalizing on The critical or sensitiveperiods of accelerated adaptation to training.

Having the most knowledgeable coaches coaching atelite level, when they should work at thedevelopmental level and volunteer and uneducatedcoaches coaching at these critical levels.



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Specializing athletes early in attempts to retain themand to support business models.

Neglecting education of parents and administratorswith regards to long-term athlete development(nutrition, regeneration, maturation and psycho-

social development, etc...).Lack of the integration of sport science, sportmedicine and sport-specific technical-tacticalactivities.

US Strategy based. (Bayli and Way 2008)



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Damage done between age 6-10 and 10-16 cannot befully corrected.Players / athletes will never reach genetic potential

Player development left to chance

Developing mediocre players from the "damages" ofearlier training.

(Balyi and Way 2008)

Consequences


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Developmental Stages DefinedNumber and Classifications differ At Younger Ages Decentralized

Autonomy of the ClubDevelopmental Years More Centralized

More support and guidance from sport organizationFocus on

Best Players with Best PlayersBest Players with Best CoachesBest Players with Best Facilities

Consistent Themes in AthleteDevelopment Models


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Classic Structure for Athlete Development

Age

24

20

18

16

14

10

6

MultilateralDevelopment

Specialized Training

HighPerformance

T. Bompa


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Existing Flawed Structure for Athlete Development

Age

24

20

18

16

14

10

6

Specialized Training andCompetition

Specialized Training andCompetition

HighPerformance


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Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky)

The difference between what a learner can do withouthelp and what he or she can do with help.

Zone of Proximal Development


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The best age for acquiring sports skill is considered to be 8-12 for girls and 8-13 for boys (Adams, 1981; Nadori, 1985,Singer, 1970)However, until the age of 10 the acquired skills are ratherunstable and children are less able to use the acquiredelements of motor coordination for formation of a newskill (Farfel, 1959)

High possibilities for acquiring various motor skills arerevealed at the ages of 10 to 12 (Korobkov et al., 1962)

After the onset of PHV acquiring of motor skills iscomplicated by disorders in motor coordination (duringPeak Height Velocity), and later by the formation ofindividual forms of motor coordination after puberty (Viru,1995)

Important Facts


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Active StartFUNdamental

Chronological Age/Development AgeMales: 5-9- Females: 5-8

Learning to TrainChronological/ Development AgeMales: 9-12 Females: 8-11

Training to Train

Developmental Age

onset of PHVMales: 12-16 Females: 11-15Training to Compete

Chronological Males: 16-23 +/- Females: 15-21 +/-Training to Win

Chronological Age Males: 19 +/- Females: 18 +/-

Active for Life

LTAD Seven Stages


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Three areas/zones of development and the dynamicsthat are at play in each age grouping Zone 1 Base Level

Ages 6-12

Zone 2

Growth Level

Ages 13-18 Zone 3 Elite Level

Above the age of 18

US Soccer Player DevelopmentModel


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Zone 1: Basic USA ModelFUNdamental

Chronological Age/Development AgeMales: 5-9- Females: 5-8

Learning to Train

Chronological/ Development AgeMales: 9-12 Females: 8-11

Zone 2: USA ModelLearning to Train

Chronological/ Development AgeMales: 9-12 Females: 8-11

Training to TrainDevelopmental Age onset of PHVMales: 12-16 Females: 11-15

Zone 3: Elite USA ModelTraining to Compete

Chronological Males: 16-23 +/- Females: 15-21 +/-

Training to WinChronological Age Males: 19 +/- Females: 18 +/-

US Compared to Canadian Model


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D-Juniors (12-13 years): Objectives for Player DevelopmentTraining basic techniqueTraining individual tactical routinesLearning the basics of group tactical behavior- open playPhysical conditioning (by fun, enjoyable exercises)Encouraging other sports boosting football performanceSeriousness, own initiative, proactiveness

C-Juniors (14-15) Objectives for Player DevelopmentTraining, dynamic techniquesGroup tactical routines Attacking & DefendingIndividual skills - strengths, weaknesses, both feetChallenge motor skills (coordination,strength, pace)Offer other sports boosting football performancePromote personal sense of responsibility

B- Juniors (16-17)Training techniques at speed, under time/opponent pressureIndividual preparation for requirements in different positions (technique training)Training tactical details (within group and with full team)Systematic, specific conditioningOffer other sports boosting football performance

Demand daily commitment in sports and at school

German Player Development Model


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ABCAgility, Balance, Coordination, SpeedIntroduce the BallMultiple sports & Activities

Eye hand or eye foot coordination

Relays and GamesFree Play, Guided Play and Pretend Play

Zone 1:Fundamentals


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Children are capable of a range of achievement duringeach stage of their lives by being in the rightenvironment, with right guidance.Free and guided play led to self control, cognitiveflexibility and working memory.

Executive FunctionsThree models

Structure practice set up and run by coachCoach provides Ball and space and guides them **

Roll out the ball

Zone of Proximal Development: Freeand Guided Play


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Structure competition to address differences intraining age and abilities.Multisport (3 sports optimal)Apply a ratio of 70 per cent training to 30 per centcompetition.

The 30 per cent ratio includes competition andcompetition-specific training . Athletes undertakingthis type of preparation are better prepared forcompetition in both the short- and long-term thanthose who focus solely on winning.

Encourage unstructured play.

Zone 1 &2: Learning to TrainChronological/ Development Age

Males: 9-12 Females: 8-11


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Talent Code (Coyle)

When we train the right way our myelin responds bywrapping layers of insulation around that circuit addingskill and speed.We get there by operating at the edge of our ability notby training harder but by training deeper, on the edge offailure as often and long as possible.Not a comfortable state, here is where the master coachcan recognize it and take you there.Specific Goals, Immediate Feedback, Focus on technique

and not outcome.

Zone of Proximal Development:Introduction of Deliberate Practice


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Deliberate PracticeIntroduction of CompetitionPhysically DemandingMentally Demanding

Decision MakingFinding SelfRecognize Physiological Changes in the athlete

Stretching/Flexibility

Zone 2: Training to TrainDevelopmental Age onset of PHV

Males: 12-16 Females: 11-15

Zone of Proximal Development


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Learn to cope with the physical and mental challenges ofcompetition in training and games.

Optimize training and competition ratios and follow a 60:40per cent training to competition ratio .

Too much competition wastes valuable training time and conversely,not enough inhibits the practice of technical/tactical and decision-making skills.

Train athletes in daily competitive situations in the form ofpractice matches or competitive games and drills .

Training to Train


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Specialization

Position Specific

Individual Training

Tactical Decisions

Psychological

Training to CompeteChronological Males: 16-23 +/- Females: 15-21 +/-


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Train athletes to peak for major competitions.Periodization

Ensure that training is characterized by highintensity and relatively high volume.Allow frequent preventative breaks to preventphysical and mental burnouts.Change the training to competition ration 25:75,with the competition percentage includingcompetition-specific training activities.

Zone 3: Training to WinChronological Age Males: 19 +/- Females: 18 +/-


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PhysiologicalNutritionalPsychologicalTacticalTechnical

Zone of Proximate Development


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Master Coach Master Coach Master Coach MasterCoach

MasterCoach

Head Coach Head Coach Head Coach Head Coach Head Coach

AssistantCoach

AssistantCoach

AssistantCoach

AssistantCoach

AssistantCoach

ApprenticeCoach

ApprenticeCoach

ApprenticeCoach

ApprenticeCoach

ApprenticeCoach

The Five by Five Coaching Model:LTAD

Fundamental Train to

Compete

Learn to

Train

Train to

TrainTrain to Win


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Master Coach Master Coach Master Coach

Head Coach Head Coach Head Coach

Assistant Coach Assistant Coach Assistant Coach

Apprentice Coach Apprentice Coach Apprentice Coach

The US Modified Three-By-Three CoachingModel

Basic Professional/EliteGrowth


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Athlete Development is philosophy to be successful it has

to reach all involved in the different stages of playerdevelopment.Can be accomplished through coaching and administratoras well as parent education.Needs to be an appreciation for the importance of the

fundamental levels and what coaches are doing at thoselevels.If coaches in each of the stages does not fulfill theirfunction, the plan fails.Equal Encouragement and recognition of the coaches at alllevels.

Summary


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USOCIOC and Olympic SolidarityUS SoccerUniversity of DelawareRichard Way

Recognition and Thanks


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Questions?


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player development webinar-final

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