plants: structure and function march 2008 mrs.. snyder
TRANSCRIPT
PLANTS: structure and function
March 2008
Mrs.. Snyder
Plants: Grouped by characteristics Vascular
Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves Roots can be different sizes:
Fibrous and tap roots Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips
Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in water and minerals, and store food.
Nonvascular Simple; most grow in moist places No vascular tissues.
Vascular Plants: Stems Function of stems
Support, transport of water & food Most stems grow upward Some stems grow sideward
Types of stems Green Woody
Transport of materials Xylem & phloem
Vascular Plants: Leaves Leaves come in variety of shapes and sizes Leaves are arranged in different ways
What do plants do?
All plants are alike in one way. They need three things in order
to surviveWatercarbon dioxideenergy from sunlight
What do you suppose the plants use these things for?
Classify – to sort into groups based on similarities and differences
They turn it into sugar!photosynthesis – a process by which plants change light energy from the sun and use it to make sugar
Plants and some protists conduct photosynthesis.
PhotosynthesisA movie of photosynthesis
chlorophyll – the green substance found in plants that traps energy from the sun and gives plants their green color
carbon dioxide – a gas found in air
As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is released
When the plant uses the sugar, water and carbon dioxide are released.
How Do Plants Get Energy
Plant leaves change light
energy into energy
the plant can use.
Stomata are tiny holes on the bottom of the leaf that let air (CO2.) in and (O2)out.
They get sunlight, water, and air (CO2.)
The veins of a leaf bring water and minerals to the leaf from the stems and roots.
Roots get water and minerals directly from the soil.
Because of this processScientists are able to classify living things
by the way they get their food. Plants are producers (autotrophs)
producer – it is a living thing that uses sunlight to make sugar. This sugar feeds others.
Plants are classified by characteristics.
Plants that make seeds Plants that do not make seeds
Flowering Plants
Conifers Ferns Mosses
Plants reproduce differently
Reproduce – it means “to make more of the same kind”
a protective covering that surrounds the seed
anchor the plant in place and absorb water and other minerals from the soil.
carries water and food to the rest of the plant.
makes the plant's food.
makes seeds.
What Are the Parts of a Flower
Most flowers have four parts
Flower parts
Sepal – one of the leaf-like parts that protects a flower bud and that is usually green
Pistil – part of a flower that makes the eggs that grow into seeds
Stamen – part of a flower that makes pollen
Pollen – tiny grains that make seeds when combined with a flower’s egg
How Do Flowers Make Seeds and Fruits?
Great Plant Escape- Plant parts
Ovary – the bottom part of the pistil in which seeds form
Ovule - the inner part of an ovary that contains an egg
embryo – tiny part of a seed that can grow into a new plant
How Seeds Form After fertilization the flower
dries up and petals fall off, leaving just the pistil and its ovary.
The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary gets larger as one or more seeds form inside it.
When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up and the seeds fall out.
Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat
How Fertilization Occurs When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a
thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.
Fertilization – the combination of sperm from a pollen grain with an egg to form a seed
How Pollination Occurs
Butterflies may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of the the same flower. Sometimes the butterfly may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower of the same kind.
Pollen: Nothing to Sneeze At
Pollination- the movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil
Some flowering plants are
dicot seed – a seed that has two seed leaves that contain stored food
monocot seed – a seed that has one seed leaf and stored food outside the seed leaf
What is the Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant
Dormant Seed Takes in water and the
seed coat gets soft. If the seed has enough oxygen and the right temperature, it will begin to germinate.
dormant – the resting stage of a seed
Geminating Seed First a root pushes through the
seed coat and grows downward.
The top part of the root grows upward and becomes the stem. The stem carries the seed coat and the seed leaves with it. The seed coat falls off. The seed leaves provide food for the plant. Two small leaves begin to grow from between the seed leaves.
Seedling When the stored food within the original seed
leaves is used up, they dry up and drop off. More leaves grow from buds on the stem as the plant grows taller. The new leaves can trap energy from sunlight and make sugar. Plants use the energy in the sugar to grow.
How Do Other Living Things Get Energy? All living things need
energy to survive
Consumer – a living thing that gets energy by eating plants and other animals
Animals cannot use light energy to make sugar. Animals depend on plants for food.
Decomposer – a consumer that puts materials from dead plants and animals back into the soil, air, and water
Consider this…. What is one way to classify all plants into
two groups How do plants that do not make seeds
reproduce? In what part of a flower are seeds made? How are flowers pollinated? How is a monocot seed different from a
dicot seed?
What do seedlings need to grow into mature plants?
How does a bean plant grow from a bean seed?
What is the main source of energy for plants
What do plants need to make sugar? How do animals – herbivores, carnivores,
and omnivores – get the energy they need to survive?
How are decomposers important?
Student activity What comes out of leaves in sunlight?
Page A123 Do all plants grow the same way? What happens if a seed is planted upside
down? HW: bring in a container to use in a
planting project. 8 - 12 ounces.
References March 7, 2008.
<ellerbruch.nmu.edu/classes/cs255f02/cs255students/heanders/p10/Plant.ppt>
March 7, 2008. <http://www.biotopics.co.uk/newgcse/biomassenergyloss.html>