plants review #2 chapters 35, 36, 37, 39 anatomy transport nutrition response
TRANSCRIPT
PLANTS review#2
Chapters 35, 36, 37, 39 AnatomyTransportNutrition
Response
Name the three basic plant organs Roots, stems, leaves
The organ that anchors the plant, absorbs minerals & water, and often stores organic nutrients roots
What is the function of roothairs?
Increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals
Image from: http://bio1903.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch35/35_03RootHairsAndTip.jpg
Main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants
leaves
Mutualistic relationship betweenplant roots and fungi that increases water absorption
mycorrhizae
Root hairs develop from________ tissue
epidermal vascular ground
epidermal
Attraction in between water moleculesthat helps water move up the xylem
cohesion
Transport protein that facilitatesthe movement of water acrossa cell membraneaquaporins
Attraction between water moleculesand the surface of the xylem wallsthat helps water move up the xylem
adhesion
When K+ ions leave guard cellsthe cells become ________
flaccid turgid
and the stomata will _______ open close
flaccid
close
Essential elements that act ascofactors in enzymatic reactions thatare needed by plants in small amounts are called________________
Plants whose roots contain nodulesinfected by symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria are __________
legumes
micronutrients
Essential elements needed by plants in large amounts like carbon, oxygen,hydrogen, and nitrogen are called________________
Water will move into an area with________ water potential.
lower higher
lower
macronutrients
Tell the cofactor needed for chlorophyll production
magnesium
Give some examples ofplant macronutrients
?
CHNOPS-carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfurcalcium, magnesium, potassium
Nitrifyingbacteria
Name the bacterial process
Nitrogen fixingbacteria
Ammonifyingbacteria
1.
2.
3.
4.Denitrifyingbacteria
Ion uptake by roots is possible because root hairs use ______________ to release H+ into the soil to displace cations like Ca++, Mg++, & K+
proton pumps
Non-protein enzyme helpers arecalled ___________cofactors
Give some examples of plantmicronutrientsManganese, boron, iron, chlorine, zinc,Copper, nickel, molybdenum
Openings in plant leaves for gasexchange
stomata
When K+ ions enter guard cellsthe cells become ________
flaccid turgid
and the stomata will _______ open close
turgid
open
Cells connected to sieve tube members by many plasmodesmata which help load sugars and assist with metabolism
Companion cells
Water impermeable ring of cells that blocks the apoplastic flow of water and solutes and channels itinto the xylem
Casparian strip
Continuum of cell walls plus theextracellular spaces
apoplast
Transport mechanism that movesanions or sugars into cells when hydrogen ions move down theirconcentration gradient
cotransport
Continuum of cytosol connected by plasmodesmata between
plant cellssymplast
Describes a walled cell that haslost water in hypertonic surroundings
flaccid
_________ buds are locatedbetween the leaf and stemAxillary
_________ growth involves theplant growing in width orcircumference
Secondary
Movement of water due to a difference in pressure betweentwo locations
Bulk flow
Describes a walled cell that hasgained water in hypotonic surroundings
turgid
Exudation of water droplets from plant leaf tips at night due to root pressure
guttation
Cells that surround stomatal openings and control their openingand closing Guard cells
Evaporative loss of water fromleaves
transpiration
Vascular tissue consisting of elongated living cells thattransport sugar and other organicnutrients throughout the plant
phloem
Vascular plant tissue consisting of tubular dead cells that conduct water and minerals upward from roots to rest of plant
xylem
Water moves in xylem from roots to shoots due to ____________ pressure positive negative
negative
Mechanism that uses energy stored inthe form of a hydrogen ion gradientacross a membrane to drive cellular work
chemiosmosis
Sugar moves in phloem from source to sink is due to ____________ pressure positive negative
positive
_________ buds are locatedat the tip of stems
Terminal
_________ growth involves theplant growing in length/height
Primary
Perpetual embryonic tissues where cell division and plantgrowth occurs = ___________meristems
The zone of ____________ isthe region where new cells arebeing produced
cell division
The _________ protects theroot tip as it pushes throughthe soil
root cap
The zone of ____________ isthe region where cells are growing in length
elongation
_____________ is when the terminal buds inhibit the growth of axillary buds
Apical dominance
The zone of ____________ isthe region where cells differentiate and become functional
maturation
In leaves, the outer layer made of tightly packed cell covered by waxy cuticle = _______________epidermis
Waxy layer covering the epidermis which preventswater loss cuticle
Root system consisting of a mat of many thin roots without a main root seen in monocots =_______________Fibrous roots
__________ meristems are regions of primary growth at thetips of roots and buds
Apical
Root system with one thick vertical root with many lateral roots seen in dicots is calleda ________________taproot
________ meristems are regionsof secondary growth where theplant increases in diameter
Lateral
The ________________produces secondary xylem and
phloem
vascular cambium
Openings that connect tracheids
pits
The ________________produces the tough outerwoody covering (bark)
cork cambium
Xylem is made of cells called___________ tracheids
Xylem cells found in some angiosperms in addition totracheidsVessel elements
Mature xylem cells are _______ living non-living
non living
Phloem is made of cells called___________________Sieve tube members
Mature phloem cells are _______ living non-living
living
End wall in a sieve tube memberwhich facilitates the flow of phloem sap Sieve plate
Most abundant type of living cell in plants that can differentiate into other cell types
parenchyma
“Basic plant cells” with thinner cell wallsthat perform metabolic functions like photosynthesis
parenchyma
_________ pressure results inthe movement of phloem sap
negative positive
Positive
Cell type that is structural with unevenly thickened walls that supports growing parts of plantscollenchyma
________ tissue includes allcells that are not vascular orepidermal
ground
“Basic plant cells” with thinner cell wallsthat perform metabolic functions like photosynthesis
parenchyma
_________ pressure results inthe movement of xylem sap
negative positive
Negative
Cell type that is grouped in cylinders that is structural but FLEXIBLE with no lignin in the cell walls
collenchyma
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Cell type that is structural but rigid; Cells are dead with thick walls containing ligninsclerenchyma
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