plants - respond to pathogen attack---- by activating multiple defense mechanisms to
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Tomato Transcription Factors Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 Activate Defense Responses When Expressed in Arabidopsis. Plants - Respond to pathogen attack---- by activating multiple defense mechanisms to - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Tomato Transcription Factors Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 Activate Defense Responses When
Expressed in Arabidopsis
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Plants - Respond to pathogen attack---- by activating multiple defense mechanisms to protect themselves from infection. - Recognition of specific pathogens and the activation of highly regulated signal transduction pathways. - A major target of these pathways is the cell nucleus, where signals lead to the transcriptional activation of a large array of defense genes - The products of these genes include pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins as well as enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of protective secondary metabolites. - Although the functions of many PR proteins remain unknown, some PR proteins, :: 1,3-glucanase (PR2) and chitinase (PR3), are hydrolytic enzymes that have been shown to degrade fungal cell walls and to inhibit fungal growth both in vivo and in vitroSeveral signaling molecules - Salicylic acid (SA),ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), - Defense response pathways - The SA-dependent defense signaling pathway :: PR1, PR2, and PR5. - The ET/JA-dependent signaling pathway(s) :: PR3, PR4, and PDF1.2.
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• Ethylene (C2H4) :: 줄기와 뿌리의 생장과 분화 , 잎과 과실의 탈리 현상 , 일부 식물에서 꽃눈의 유도 , 개화 , 꽃과 잎의 노쇠 , 과실의 성숙을 촉진함
• Salicylic acid :: Arum 의 꽃에서 thermogenesis 를 일으키는 calorigenic substance 이다 . 보 다 일반적인 역할은 pathogenesis-related protein 의 합성을 유도하여 병원체 에 대한 저항을 나타내는 것이다 . 또한 꽃의 개화기간을 연장시키고 에틸 렌 합성과 종자 발아를 저해하며 상처에 따른 반응을 차단하고 ABA 의 효과 를 상쇄한다 . 내재적 역할이 있는지는 알려지지 않았다 .
• Jasmonic Acid :: 생장이나 종자 발아를 저해한다 . 또한 노화 , 탈리 ,tuber 형성 , 과실성숙 , 색소 형성 , 덩굴손의 꼬임을 촉진한다 . 중요한 역할중의 하는 식물체의 방어인데 펩티드의 일종인 systemin 에 의해 유도되는 방어회로의 중간체로서 , proteinase inhibitor 의 합성을 유도 하여 곤충의 섭식을 방해한다
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Avirulent pathogen Virulent pathogen
CPR5NDR1EDS1
PAD4EDSs
ROS
HR
ET JA SA
EIN2 COI1JAR1
NPR1
PDF1.2, Thi2.1Resistance toP.parasitica
ISRPR geneSARResistance toP.parasitica
?
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AbstractAbstract
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• Pto(ser-thr protein kinase) binding transcription factor
• involved ethylene-response factor (ERF) family
• GCC-box binding
• SA, Ethylene response
PR1,2
PR3,4 PDF1.2 Thi2.1
These results indicate that Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 activate the expression of a wide array of PR genes and play important and distinct roles in plant defense.
Pti4, Pti5, Pti6
• Localized to the nucleus
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Figure 1. Nuclear Localization of Pti4/5/6.
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Figure 2.Transactivation of GCC Box–Mediated Transcription by Pti4/5/6
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Figure 3. Transactivation of the GAL4X9-GUS Reporter Gene by GAL4DB-Pti4/5/6 Fusion Proteins.
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Figure 4. Ectopic Expression of Pti4/5/6 in Arabidopsis and Triple-Response Assay of the Transgenic Plants.
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Figure 5. Overexpression of Pti4/5/6 in Arabidopsis Causes ConstitutiveUpregulation of PR Genes.
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Figure 6. Overexpression of Pti4/5/6 Sensitized the SA Signaling Pathway, and SA Suppressed the Expression of PDF1.2 Transcripts in thePti4-Overexpressing Line.
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Figure 7. Activation of PDF1.2 by the Overexpression of Pti4 Is Independentof the ET and JA Signaling Pathways.
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Figure 8. Expression of Pti4 in Arabidopsis Confers Increased Resistance to Erysiphe and Tolerance to Pseudomonas.
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Figure 9. Model for the Proposed Role of Pti4 and AtERFs in MediatingCross-Talk between the SA and ET/JA Pathways.