Plant MaterialShould you use rootstocks?

Where to get vines?

Is it clean?

Plant Material

• Clonal Material

• Grafting vs. Own-rooted

• Types of rootstocks Why choose rootstocks?

• State quarantines

• Northwest Foundation Service

• Other sources of grapevines

Securing Plant Material

• Need high quality plant material

• Prevent disease spread

• Prevent pest spread

• Consistent high quality fruit

Clones

• What are clones? Genetically uniform

material Sisters/brothers

• Benefits?

• Many clonal trials ongoing May differ for the region

being tested

Why use rootstocks? Fruitfulness

• Rootstock may affect scion production

• E.g., early bearing in orchard trees

Vigor control• Rootstocks range in vigor

from low to high• Choice depends upon soil

type• Use for dwarfing, closer

spacings?

Why Choose Rootstocks?

• Resistance Phylloxera Root knot nematode Fanleaf virus – engineering rootstocks for

resistance

• Compatibility Scion/Rootstock

Rootstocks can help! Soil conditions

• pH differences Mineral deficiencies in scion

Boron, Mg, P, K – MGT 101-14 is a good choice

Boron alone – 3309 C Advanced maturity?

How Do I Choose?

• Factors in choosing the right rootstock: Soil

• High/medium pH concentration Soil depth

• Some areas can be shallow, others deep Texture

• Sandy, silt loam in some areas Water availability?

• Issue in semi-arid areas – drought tolerant

Grafted System

• Scion – upper fruiting section

• Rootstock – root system used to tolerate certain conditions

Types of Grafting in Grapes

• Bud Grafts

• T bud (Shield) Bud from scion set

into a cut ‘T’ of rootstock bark

• Chip Bud Bud from scion

grafted onto rootstock

http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/propagation/budding/budding.html

Grafting in Grapes

• Bench grafts Nursery

• Omega cuts• Saw-type

grafting machines

• Stock grafts Vineyard

• Whip grafting• Cleft grafting

Northwest Berry & Grape Info Net

Washington State Quarantine

• State quarantine Phylloxera Grape viruses

• Including Leafroll virus No more Rupestris Stem Pitting (RSP)

• Foreign quarantines Depends upon country

• Mainly has to be phylloxera-free

NorthWest Grape Foundation Service

• Foundation block at WSU-Prosser

• Cooperation between Idaho, Oregon, and Washington

• Based upon program at UC-Davis, FPS

• We do propagate to eliminate Rhizobium vitis

Shoot Tip Culture

Process

• Provide foundation level plant material to nurseries

• They propagate ‘certified nursery planting stock’

• Grower gets plant material as a rooted vine

• Includes both scions and rootstock material Nurseries to do the custom grafting

Requesting Plant Material

• Website in the works

• Have nursery request new plant material if in foundation block

• Priority list exists Grower may order from foundation block

• May also request for new introductions Once a year, or pay to have it included

Where to Buy Clean Grapes?

• List of certified nurseries http://winegrapes.wsu.edu

• Other sources? California nurseries Oregon nurseries DO NOT PROPAGATE TO ELIMINATE

CROWN GALL

Bringing in Foreign Sources

• Can bring in, if it conforms with Federal phytosanitary requirements

• How do you get phytosanitary certificates? FYI, need one for material from Canada

• Check out the APHIS website: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq

_notice/faq_phphto.html

• May still have bacteria causing Crown Gall

Summary

• Very important to have CLEAN plant material

• Clones are interesting

• Rootstock/scion interaction needs more research Site specific?

• Northwest Grape Foundation Service Only one that cultures out crown gall

• Can bring in material from other states, countries, but be sure to follow rules!

Questions?

For the latest news in viticulture…

Visit WSU Viticulture Extension on the web:

http://winegrapes.wsu.edu