Plant MaterialShould you use rootstocks?
Where to get vines?
Is it clean?
Plant Material
• Clonal Material
• Grafting vs. Own-rooted
• Types of rootstocks Why choose rootstocks?
• State quarantines
• Northwest Foundation Service
• Other sources of grapevines
Securing Plant Material
• Need high quality plant material
• Prevent disease spread
• Prevent pest spread
• Consistent high quality fruit
Clones
• What are clones? Genetically uniform
material Sisters/brothers
• Benefits?
• Many clonal trials ongoing May differ for the region
being tested
Why use rootstocks? Fruitfulness
• Rootstock may affect scion production
• E.g., early bearing in orchard trees
Vigor control• Rootstocks range in vigor
from low to high• Choice depends upon soil
type• Use for dwarfing, closer
spacings?
Why Choose Rootstocks?
• Resistance Phylloxera Root knot nematode Fanleaf virus – engineering rootstocks for
resistance
• Compatibility Scion/Rootstock
Rootstocks can help! Soil conditions
• pH differences Mineral deficiencies in scion
Boron, Mg, P, K – MGT 101-14 is a good choice
Boron alone – 3309 C Advanced maturity?
How Do I Choose?
• Factors in choosing the right rootstock: Soil
• High/medium pH concentration Soil depth
• Some areas can be shallow, others deep Texture
• Sandy, silt loam in some areas Water availability?
• Issue in semi-arid areas – drought tolerant
Grafted System
• Scion – upper fruiting section
• Rootstock – root system used to tolerate certain conditions
Types of Grafting in Grapes
• Bud Grafts
• T bud (Shield) Bud from scion set
into a cut ‘T’ of rootstock bark
• Chip Bud Bud from scion
grafted onto rootstock
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/propagation/budding/budding.html
Grafting in Grapes
• Bench grafts Nursery
• Omega cuts• Saw-type
grafting machines
• Stock grafts Vineyard
• Whip grafting• Cleft grafting
Northwest Berry & Grape Info Net
Washington State Quarantine
• State quarantine Phylloxera Grape viruses
• Including Leafroll virus No more Rupestris Stem Pitting (RSP)
• Foreign quarantines Depends upon country
• Mainly has to be phylloxera-free
NorthWest Grape Foundation Service
• Foundation block at WSU-Prosser
• Cooperation between Idaho, Oregon, and Washington
• Based upon program at UC-Davis, FPS
• We do propagate to eliminate Rhizobium vitis
Shoot Tip Culture
Process
• Provide foundation level plant material to nurseries
• They propagate ‘certified nursery planting stock’
• Grower gets plant material as a rooted vine
• Includes both scions and rootstock material Nurseries to do the custom grafting
Requesting Plant Material
• Website in the works
• Have nursery request new plant material if in foundation block
• Priority list exists Grower may order from foundation block
• May also request for new introductions Once a year, or pay to have it included
Where to Buy Clean Grapes?
• List of certified nurseries http://winegrapes.wsu.edu
• Other sources? California nurseries Oregon nurseries DO NOT PROPAGATE TO ELIMINATE
CROWN GALL
Bringing in Foreign Sources
• Can bring in, if it conforms with Federal phytosanitary requirements
• How do you get phytosanitary certificates? FYI, need one for material from Canada
• Check out the APHIS website: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq
_notice/faq_phphto.html
• May still have bacteria causing Crown Gall
Summary
• Very important to have CLEAN plant material
• Clones are interesting
• Rootstock/scion interaction needs more research Site specific?
• Northwest Grape Foundation Service Only one that cultures out crown gall
• Can bring in material from other states, countries, but be sure to follow rules!
Questions?
For the latest news in viticulture…
Visit WSU Viticulture Extension on the web:
http://winegrapes.wsu.edu