Planning – deciding what work will be done and how it will be accomplished

Objective: Discuss the Nature of Planning as a Management Function

Four Functions of Management

Planning

Organizing

Leading

Controlling

Planning Process

Set goals

Determine what needs

done to accomplish

them

Implement actions

Evaluate results

Barriers to Effective Planning Trouble making accurate forecasts Time Cost Internal inflexibilities External inflexibilities Rapid change

Characteristics of Effective Planning Simplicity Flexibility Linked to long-term objectives Consistency Feasibility Direction for action

Types of Planning Strategic PlanningCompany level goals

Tactical PlanningDivision level goals

Operational PlanningSpecific procedures for departments/individuals

Contingency Planning

Emergencies, setbacks, unexpected conditions