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Planning – deciding what work will be done and how it will be accomplished
Objective: Discuss the Nature of Planning as a Management Function
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Four Functions of Management
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
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Planning Process
Set goals
Determine what needs
done to accomplish
them
Implement actions
Evaluate results
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Barriers to Effective Planning Trouble making accurate forecasts Time Cost Internal inflexibilities External inflexibilities Rapid change
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Characteristics of Effective Planning Simplicity Flexibility Linked to long-term objectives Consistency Feasibility Direction for action
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Types of Planning Strategic PlanningCompany level goals
Tactical PlanningDivision level goals
Operational PlanningSpecific procedures for departments/individuals
Contingency Planning
Emergencies, setbacks, unexpected conditions