place-making and prosperous cities

Thursday 22 September

Manchester City Football Academy

The Essential role of trees and green infrastructure (GI)

Supported by:

Steve Connor, CEO of Creative Concern

Welcome by the Chair

Join in the conversation! Tweet

#CoTseminar@cityoftrees

City of Trees is an innovative and exciting movement set to re-invigorate Greater Manchester’s landscape by transforming underused, unloved woodland and planting a tree for every man, woman and child who lives there, within a generation.

City of Trees – who are we?

We plan to plant 3m trees over the next generation

City of Trees – what have we achieved so far?

At it’s heart City of Trees is a movement and in order to realise our vision and ambitious goals we need companies, organisations, community groups and public sector bodies from across Greater Manchester to come together.

City of Trees – you can be part of it

Dr Kathy Wolf, University of WashingtonTrees and Nearby Nature: Essential for place-making and vital for prosperous cities

Keynote speaker

Trees & Nearby Nature: essential for place-making and vital, prosperous cities

Kathleen Wolf, Ph.D.Research Social Scientist

University of Washington (Seattle)School of Environmental and Forest Sciences

Place Making and Prosperous Cities Seminar Manchester City Training Academy22 September 2016

Landscape

Community

Garden

credit: American Planning Association

Trees as Place-Makers

urban forestry and urban greening‘metro nature’

economic values to communitiesproperty values

Forest/Resource Economics 101

Economic Value of Metro NatureMethods Challenges

Forest Products = market goodsexcludableidentifiable ownershipexpenses-revenues = profits

Trees/Green in Cities = public goods non-excludable

multiple “owners”expenses-returns?

-profits?

Yard & Street TreesValue Increase Condition2% mature yard trees (greater than 9-inch dbh)

3% larger street trees (up to 100’ away) 3-5% trees in front yard landscaping 6-9% good tree cover in a neighborhood10-15% mature trees in high-income

neighborhoods

multiple studies: Green Cities: Good Health > Local Economics

Parks & Open Spaceproximate principle (John Crompton, Texas A&M)

Value Increase Condition10% inner city home located within 1/4 mile of

a park17% home near cleaned-up vacant lot20% home adjacent to or fronting a passive

park area32% residential development adjacent to

greenbelts

Local Government BenefitsCivic Investment – Public Goodslike schools, emergency response, roads street trees average positive effect

on house values added up across Portland, Oregon yields a total value of $1.35 billion potentially increasing annual

property tax revenues $15.3 million

Donovan & Butry. 2010. Landscape and Urban Planning


economic values to communitiesretail centers

Trees & Retail Environments Research

Wolf, K.L. 2005. Business District Streetscapes, Trees, and Consumer Response. Journal of Forestry 103, 8: 396-400.

• Research Questions •trees and visual quality?trees and consumer behavior?trees and product pricing?

• Methods:mail out/in surveysnational or local sampleresidents/nearby city residents

partners: U of Washington, NGOs, business organizationsfunded by USDA Forest Service

Trees & Shopper Environments Research

Image Categories (sorted by ratings)

Full Canopymean 3.63

Pocket Parksmean 3.72(highest)

Scale : 1=not at all, 5=like very much, 26

images

IntermittentTrees2.78

EnclosedSidewalk 3.32

No Trees mean 1.65(lowest)

(high - 3.72)

Place Marketing

Relationship Marketing3. Product Pricing

• higher willingness to pay for all types of goods

• higher in districts with trees – 9-12%

1. Place Perceptions• Place Character• Interaction with Merchants• Quality of Products

2. Patronage Behavior• travel time, travel distance• duration & frequency of visits• willingness to pay for parking

social science of consumer behavior

‘atmospherics’

retail & place marketing

“Companies stage an

experience when they engage

customers in a memorable

way.”

summary

urban forests = human habitat

studies of trees in business districtsperception, preference & behaviordesign & place messaging/identitycustomer relationships

deeproot.com


economic values to communitieshuman health & wellness

WHO health definition

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

and not merely the absenceof disease or infirmity (1946)

science & evidence re: environment role of ‘metro nature’? not a panacea, but important!

Determinants of Health

evidence about human wellness & ‘nearby nature’

Green Cities: Good Health

Sponsors: USDA Forest Service, U&CF ProgramUniversity of WashingtonNGO partners

thanks! to U of WA students:Katrina FloraMary Ann RozanceSarah Krueger

www.greenhealth.washington.edu

research review & summaries

32

urban nature & health benefits across the life cycle

33

Urban Forests and Newbornsthe urban natural environment andpregnancy outcomes . . .

10% increase in tree-canopy cover within 50m of a house= lower number of low weight births (1.42 per 1000 births)

Donovan et al., Health & Place, 2011; similar studies in Lithuania, Vancouver B.C., Munich, Tel Aviv Israel, Spain

34America’s State of Mind, Medco Health Solutions, Inc

Change in % Population on ADHD Treatments 2001 - 2010

35

ADHD and nature contact 96 children aged 7-12

diagnosed ADD or ADHD Parents gave postactivity

attentional functioning ratings (PAAF) – 4 measures: Can’t stay focused on unappealing

tasks (homework or chores) Can’t complete tasks Can’t listen and follow directions Easily distracted

Faber Taylor. 2001. Environment & Behavior

36

Trees & Crime Reduction trees in the public right of

way are associated with lower crime rates smaller, view obstructing

trees are associated with increased crime

larger trees are associated with reduced crime

Donovan & Prestemon. 2012. Environment and Behavior

10% increase in tree canopy ~ 12% decrease in crime

Troy, et al. 2011. The relationship between tree canopy and crime rates across an urban–rural gradient in the greater Baltimore region. Landscape and Urban Planning

Improving Depression20 adults with major depression walk in a park setting and an urban setting 50-minute walks one week apart before-after testing:

Mood: Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS) Cognition: Backward Digit Span (BDS)

Berman et al. 2012. Journal of Affective Disorders

cognitive and affective improvements after walking in a nature setting

•Shorter stays•Less pain•Fewer minor complications

•Better emotional well-being

Effects of nature window view on recovery from surgery (Roger Ulrich, 1984)

Massachusetts General Hospital

credit: Frank Oudeman

• What are the benefits?• Who experiences nature and gets benefits?• What is the green condition or situation that

provides benefits?• Scale of value question (i.e., community,

province/state, nation)• What are the costs/income gained/lost

associated with these benefits?

Economic Valuation of Health Outcomes

Potential Annual Cost Savings and Increased Income Associated with Human Health and Well-being Benefits Derived from Metro Nature

Millions of U.S. Dollars (2012)

Wolf, K.L., M.K. Measells, S.C. Grado, A.S.T. Robbins. 2015. Economic values of metro nature health benefits: A life course approach. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening.

Conclusions• Nearby trees & nature in cities & towns

is essential!• Economic benefits – property value &

retail behavior• Nature supports disease prevention &

health promotion for people of all ages• Evidence? Green Cities: Good Health • Many more studies underway . . . . .

www.naturewithin.info

Stephen O’Malley, Director, Civil EngineersGreen Infrastructure & The movement of people and water

Speaker

Question time

?

?

??

?

Don’t forget to join in the conversation

online too! Tweet #CoTseminar

@cityoftrees

This seminar is supported by:

Break

Please return and be seated by 11am

Dean Bowie, CEO, GreenBlue UrbanEssential Space for Trees below and above ground

Speaker

Soil Compaction and Utilities

Soil Volume and Quality

Tree Aeration

WSUDS Arborflow

Tree Irrigation Case Studies

Root ManagementRootSpace

Areas covered:

Projected canopy area x 0.6m

Soil volume

and quality

Soil compaction

“Soil compaction - the biggest issue with landscape soils”

Tim O'Hare – soil scientist

Utilities

Make the impossibl

e possible with cells

RootSpace

THE NEXT GENERATION SOIL SUPPORT SYSTEM

Root Manageme

nt

Kings Cross Station:

Used as a membrane

between tunnel and roots

Tree irrigation

Sainsbury’s laboratory:

Evenly distributed water around the rootball

Tree aeration

Anaerobism:

“Immediate and major problem that can cause

tree failure”

The Landscape Journal – Fundamentals of tree pit soils

WSUDS Arborflow

Arborflow 100 Series

WSUDS Case Study:

Goldhawk Road, London

Shared Space Case Study:

Leonard Circus, Shoreditch

Thank you.

Pete Bradshaw, Director of Estate Development at Manchester City Football ClubWhy a world class sporting facility needed world class infrastructure

Speaker

Pete BradshawDirector of Estates Development

Any Wintry Afternoon in England CRW NevinsonCourtesy: Manchester City Art Gallery

THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF TREES AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (GI)

City of Trees seminarCity Football Academy22 September 2016

© Manchester City

Planning for City Football Academy began in 2008 creating:

• A positive working and training environment

• A major regenerative project

• Building on the theme of Street to Stadium

Initial layout plan : 2008

Planning for our new academyInitial Plan : 2008

© Manchester City

Consultation across staff, players, local people and fans was critical to the planning of our new academy

The Club researched 92 of the world’s leading sports Academies to understand best practice and to ensure sustainable development

Planning for our new academyConsultation engaged over 7000 people

© Manchester City

Planning for our new academyThe site in its former life

Over 200 years of industry had occupied the site prior to City Football Academy

The last major occupation was heavy industry and chemicals (dye stuffs) production – mainly via Clayton Aniline

At its height, over 60,000 people worked in east Manchester industry

© Manchester City

Planning for our new academyChanging places

The main entrance of Clayton Aniline of Ashton New Road

The site was active and productive into the late 1980s

© Manchester City

Planning for our new academyAll but gone…

By the early years of the new century, Clayton Aniline and much of the local industry had gone – and with it most of the local employment

The area was left with challenging ground conditions and the scars of former buildings and industry

© Manchester City

Planning for our new academyRemediation

A major programme of remediation began

Some 84 acres of heavy and varied pollution

All remediation was addressed on site with reuse central to the programme

© Manchester City

Planning for our new academySite preparation

From flooded basements to ground levelling. From understanding galligu to stabilising benzines, it was critical to ensure that the site could host the activities and people of the Club and provide a suitable and healthy base of grasses, hedgerow, trees and associated wildlife

© Manchester City

Developing our new academySustainable options….

Apart for the need for trees and hedgerow etc, the Club realised that sustainability must extend to its use of water and energy

The inclusion of a sustainable energy centre, an 8m litre rainwater harvesting reservoir and aces to a site spring have been important contributions

© Manchester City

Developing our new academyLocal engagement

The importance of local people is critical in all out planning and actions

• 86% local procurement

• 70% local employment

• 96 apprentices• all with onward

options

• 14,000 hours of training

• Engaged local schools and colleges

© Manchester City

Developing our new academyThe green edges

Appointing Planit IE, the Club sought to make a significant local environmental and regenerative boundary change for east Manchester and the city

It was critical to replace brick walls and concrete with green routes and avenues

• 2000 mature trees• 3km of hedgerow• c60 acres of grasses

© Manchester City

Developing our new academyPublic realm

Alongside the need to create secure boundaries, ensure privacy and create noise barriers, the softer, public-facing edges are important too

© Manchester City

Developing our new academyA new home for more than just football…

In line with Manchester City Council’s biodiversity strategy – and Manchester Green Corridor – it has been important to create spaces and places where wildlife can thrive

• Moths• Butterflies• Bats• Bees• Birds• Dormice (?)• …..

© Manchester City

Living in our new academyTrees that fit

City Football Academy is a an active and busy site

The trees and natural infrastructure work well with the Club’s day-to-day activities and business

The scale and placements work well creating privacy where needed and an outward facing boundary that is well received

© Manchester City

Living in our new academyForming new habitats

Albeit early days, the regular sighting of a wide variety of bird life, insects and colourful creatures provides confidence in the investment and in the future of the site and Campus

© Manchester City

Living in our new academy

The academy has realised some major buildings to provide a practical and functioning home for the Club’s players, scholars and staff

Managed grass, natural boundaries and wild grasses are thriving side-by-side

© Manchester City

Living in our new academyIt’s a good start…

There is absolute understanding that there is much to do

That the work to date has just provided a base from which we need to work, to maintain best practice and to encourage further opportunities in natural landscape and public realm…

…it’s a better outlook for which we care

© Manchester City

Living in our new academyInitial Plan : 2008

Our core business is football

We need to manage our pitches and grass in the best possible way – for high quality, for maximum use and to achieve best practice in sustainability

We continue to learn and to share knowledge and we have dedicated and committed professionals in Grounds and Landscape

© Manchester City

Our academy2016

City Football Academy in 2016 provides a base for over 800 scholars, first team and EDS for a leading women’s team and a working base for the Club and Group

There is a thriving community leisure and education hub and the Campus is one of the world’s leading sports districts seen by millions week-in week-out

Question time

??

?

Don’t forget to join in the conversation

online too! Tweet

#CoTseminar@cityoftrees

Steve Connor, Chair

Closing remarks

Tweet your thoughts! #CoTseminar@cityoftrees

12:00 – 12:30pm – Visit to Manchester City Football Academy’s impressive landscape scheme (pre-booked people ONLY)

Thankyou

This seminar has been supported by: