Piracy: Common Threat and Cooperative Solutions

Rear Admiral T. F. Carney, USNCOMPACFLT N5/N8

Plans, Policy and Requirements

This Brief is

UNCLASSIFIED

Outline

• Maritime Security• Growing Piracy• Regional Resources/Response• Closing Thoughts

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3 3

Fusion & Sharing

Information

Cueing

Prosecute

Legal Authority and JurisdictionSituational Awareness

Territorial Security

Inter-agency and International Cooperation

Interdiction Capabilities

Responsive Decision-Making Architecture

Maritime Security Process

Surveillance

Interdiction

Apprehend

Locate / Assess

4 4

EnhancedMaritime

Interdiction Ops

Environmental Response

Coastal Sea Control /

Mine Counter

Measures

CounterDrugOps

Low Intensity Conflict / SurfaceWarfare

Strikes&

Raids

Exe

cuti

on

of

Op

erat

ion

s

Theater Security

& Stability

Ops

MajorCombat

Ops

USCG

Full Range of Capabilities Across the Full Spectrum of Threats

Port Anti-Terrorism

Ops / Mine

Detection & Prevention

Aids ToNavigation

&Search

& Rescue

OtherLaw

Enforcement

AlienMigrant Ops

&Disaster /

HumanitarianAssistance

Show ofForce &Flexible

DeterrentOptions

M a r i t i m e S e c u r i t y M a r i t i m e D e f e n s e

Lower Intensity Conflict

Homeland-Centric

Law Enforcement

Maritime Security Environment

- Human Smuggling & Slave Trade - Drug Trafficking & Narco-Terrorism - Arms & Monetary Smuggling - Passenger Vessel Protection - Critical Infrastructure Protection - Mining of Strategic Ports - High Value Asset Protection - Surveillance & Broadcasting - Border Security Threats - Sea Lines of Communication Security - Weapons of Mass Destruction/Effect - Transnational Threats - Piracy

Military

Higher Intensity Conflict

Expeditionary-Centric

Homeland Capable

Counter- Terrorism

Ops

Maritime Security Spectrum

The following definition of piracy is contained in article 101 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS):

“Piracy consists of any of the following acts:

(a) Any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for the private ends by the crew or the passengers or a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:

(i) On the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property onboard such ship or aircraft;

(ii) Against any ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;

(b) Any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;

(c) Any act inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in sub-paragraph (a) or (b).

Piracy Defined

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A Global Problem

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• Ransoms: - 2005 average - $150,000 - 2010 average - $5.4 million - Record - $9.5 million • 20% reduction in Suez Canal traffic • Insurance increased tenfold• Annual cost: - Estimated at $7 to $12 billion - Cost to shippers - $375 million

20101181 crew taken hostage

37 crew injured 20 kidnapped/ransom 8 killed

Global Piracy Outlook as of 2010

World Piracy

445

‘10 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09

406293

263239

Piracy incidents reported annually since 2006

Piracy hotspots

Nigeria

Gulf of Aden/ Red Sea

Chittagong, Bangladesh

S. China Sea

Around Indonesia

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Ships Attacked by Nationality 2008-2010

0

5

0

14

4

2 21

0

3

10

15

5

25

1

3

00

2

0

22

8

10

1

5

1

3

29

1

32

23

4

1

4

1

18

7

3

01

2

4

14

36

1

40

67

2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2008

2009

2010

8

Hijacked Crews By Nationality 2010

9

445 TOTAL REPORTED ATTACKS

Majority of Attack Locations for 2010

Somali Pirates Expanding Reach 2011

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CTF - 151: Combined Operations Model

• 8 Jan 2009: CTF-151 activated

Greater CTF capacity = More attacks prevented

"HTMS Similan and HTMS Pattani have prevented acts of piracy within this busy and globally important sea lane.

Their commitment to the task is superb and the way in which they conducted themselves in this tense situation is first-class.

We must remember that piracy is a truly a global problem and I am pleased to be here leading the multi-national coalition, Combined Task Force 151."

Turkish Rear Admiral Sinan Ertugrul Commander , CTF-151

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Strait of Malacca to South China Sea

13

South China Sea

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MALSINDO: Cooperative Model

A model for cooperative success

• 20 Jul 04: Trilateral Coordinated Patrols

Source: Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific , 2009 15

Countering Piracy and Sea Robbery

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Maritime Forces cannot solve the problem, but…We need to secure the maritime commons for safety and prosperity

Key take a ways:• Maritime Domain Awareness helps us understand the threat• Information is the best weapon• Teamwork is the best method

Results

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• 1129 pirates encountered since 22 AUG 08:

– 638 disrupted

– 478 turned over for prosecution

– 60 trials complete – incarcerated

– 26 trials completed – released

– 13 pirates killed

– 214 pirates currently held (trials pending/in progress) • Pirate vessels destroyed: 78• Pirate vessels confiscated: 20• Weapons seized: 228 small arms, 49 RPGs, 109 rockets.• Equipment confiscated: boarding equipment, GPS units, phones• Other weapons and equipment jettisoned: too numerous to count

Closing Thoughts

• The roots of piracy lie ashore• Maritime strength alone cannot end piracy• Very profitable business

• Maritime forces can shape the environment• Deterring attacks• Rendering aid• Detention and Prosecution as appropriate

• Cooperative MDA as a key enabler

• Piracy is a global problem• Cooperation is a force multiplier• We look for opportunities to partner

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Back-up Slides

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Knowledge regarding all activity in the maritime domain – much more than just a common operating picture

Ensuring that the information obtained is available to those individuals who have the authority to determine

the appropriate response

Once the appropriate response is determined, the resource must be able to locate the object of interest

Elements of jurisdiction and the presence of laws relating to the misconduct must be present for

successful prosecution

There are very few agencies in the world that have all the resources or authority they need to develop a high

level of maritime security

Elements of Maritime Security

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Definitions and References

• Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): The effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy or environment of a nation. – Maritime Domain Awareness is a component of and key enabler for

Maritime Security.

• Maritime Domain: All areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances.

Piracy Trends

SE Asia Reduction

Africa Increase

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