Piggery waste water management

in Myanmar

Dr Kyi Lin

Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department

Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Irrigation

The Republic of Union of Myanmar

Pig population in Myanmar

Sr. No. State/ Region 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Naypyitaw - 1.85 2.08 2.33 2.59 2.87

2 Kachin 6.98 7.68 8.41 8.90 9.36 9.82

3 Kayah 1.04 1.10 1.18 1.24 1.31 1.38

4 Kayin 2.87 3.12 3.40 3.70 4.02 4.37

5 Chin 2.82 3.06 3.32 3.58 3.85 4.14

6 Sagaing 9.18 9.81 10.45 11.15 11.95 12.89

7 Thanintharyi 1.68 1.80 1.92 2.05 2.19 2.34

8 Bago 7.52 8.22 8.94 9.68 10.44 11.23

Bago (East) 4.65 5.09 5.54 6.00 6.48 6.97

Bago (Weat) 2.87 3.13 3.40 3.68 3.96 4.26

9 Magwe 15.48 18.67 22.07 25.64 29.48 33.63

10 Mandalay 6.72 5.47 6.06 6.74 7.48 8.30

11 Mon 2.95 3.24 3.56 3.88 4.21 4.57

12 Rakhine 2.34 2.58 2.84 3.13 3.42 3.72

13 Yangon 7.77 8.65 9.56 10.51 11.50 12.53

14 Shan 13.10 14.73 16.43 18.16 20.02 22.03

Shan (South) 4.09 4.41 4.76 5.11 5.47 5.85

Shan (East) 2.36 2.61 2.87 3.14 3.42 3.64

Shan (North) 6.65 7.71 8.80 9.91 11.13 12.54

15 Ayeyarwady 12.09 13.07 14.10 14.98 15.79 16.74

Union 92.54 103.05 114.32 125.67 137.61 150.56 2

Pig density in Myanmar

Highest in Yangon area

(commercial pig farms)

Second highest in central Myanmar

(commercial pig farms)

Mostly distributed in

Yangon

Bago

Nay Pyi Taw

Mandalay

Magway

Shan

3

Pig consumption in Myanmar

Per capita consumption by year

2009 – 2010 30.4 kg

2010 - 2011 32.46 kg

2011 - 2012 34.07 kg

2012 - 2013 37.01 kg

2013 - 2014 40.16 kg

2014 - 2015 43.91 kg

2015 - 2016 58.38 kg

Consumption increasing over time

4

Approximately 150 million in 2016 (LBVD)

High demand

Growing into bigger population

Industrial Nuisance

Bright side Dark side

Pork available at cheaper price

Increased per capita consumption

Looked more promising

Higher waste water released

High pollution potential

Environmental problems

VS

5

Piggery waste water

Pig manure

By-product and waste material of piggery

mixture of feces and water

Composition

Water

Dry solid

P, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, S, N 6

Environmental impact

Adverse effect of pig manure

Contamination of natural water resource nearby

Antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals in animal feces

Antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms in soil,

surface and groundwater

Eutrophication of surface water

Odorous pollution of air

Medical impact

A significant public health concern

Source of waterborne infections for free grazing animals

7

Piggery waste water management

Least contaminated Proper disposal of manure

A good sewage system

Quality control of water before releasing to environment

Economical Affordable for most farmers (small and medium scale)

Preferably less complicated 8

Processing pig manure into fertilizer

Liquid manure used as liquid organic fertilizer

mainly utilized for farmland

Different forms liquid fertilizer

suspension fertilizer

9

Composting of pig manure

Solid manure composting

used as a fertilizer for soil improving, soil conditioning

enhancing plant growth and inhibiting plant pathogen growth

Different forms granular fertilizer

Pelletized fertilizer 10

Biogas production from pig manure

Biogas Mixture composed mainly of methane and carbon dioxide

Anaerobic degradation at different temperatures

produced from piggery waste water and manure

Efficacy Supplied for cooking and lighting of the farm

Lighting for household in some villages 11

Piggery waste water management by LBVD

?

Population density

(Population)

Supply chain

(Consumption)

Public awareness and extension

Demonstration farms

Education

Village level

12

Small-scale biogas initiative launched in villages

Aimed to construct the biogas plants

A simple biogas plant that can be operated by four pigs

The family toilet can also often be connected to it

Piggery waste water management by LBVD

13

Methane producing

organisms produce

gas

Pig manure

Gas taken to the house

Water flowing into

the expansion canal

Storage for

irrigation water

Irrigation by

gravity

Biogas system

14

Considerations in context

15

Region Large-

scale

Small-

scale Backyard

Yangon numerous numerous numerous

Mandalay moderate numerous moderate

Shan numerous numerous moderate

Magway few numerous moderate

Bago numerous numerous numerous

Poor biosecurity in backyard farms

Strict biosecurity with large-scale farms

Backyard farms are very prone to contamination

16

Poor hygienic environment

People and pigs staying close

No proper hygienic measure

No sewage, no protective equipment

17

Strategies in action

Demonstration

Biosecurity level upgraded

Owners enforced to practice proper hosing system

Education on piggery waste water management

18

Monitoring and evaluation

19