PHYSIOLOGY

REPRODUCTION

Oogenesis: Egg Cell Formation

Oogonia mitosis ceases before birth

At birth: only primary oocytes – suspended in prophase of meiosis I (= prophase I)

ovulation

Oogenesis after Birth:

At puberty: ↑ estrogen initiates ovarian cycle

2nd meiotic division completed after fertilization

Growth and Aging

• Puberty ( GnRH)– in girls = menarche

• Average 12 y

– In boys, later (harder to pinpoint a time)

• Menopause– Irregular menstrual periods and cessation

• Andropause– Similar drop in androgens

The ampulla, fimbriae, and infundibulum are anatomical features of the

A. Uterus

B. Cervix

C. Vagina

D. Fallopian tubes

Spermatogenesis

• Seminiferous tubules

• Sertoli cells: androgen binding protein blood testes barrier etc.

• Leydig cells testosterone vs. DHT

On average the process of ovulation occurs every

A. 2-3 days

B. 14-15 days

C. 28-30 days

D. 8-9 months

Development of the embryo takes place in the tissue layer of the uterus known as the

A. Perimetrium

B. Endometrium

C. Myometrium

D. Neurometrium

The corpus luteum forms from the

A. Residual cells of the follicle

B. Ectoderm and endoderm cells

C. Ciliated cells of the Fallopian tube

D. Greater vestibular gland

During days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle

A. The level of progesterone is lowest

B. The uterine lining is removed from the body

C. Ovulation takes place

D. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone

E. The corpus luteum secretes estrogen

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Biosynthetic Pathway for Steroid Hormones

Theca cellsSynthesize androgens

Granulosa cellsconvert androgens to

estrogen

diffusion

The epithelium cells that produce sperm cells are located in the testes within the

A. Seminiferous tubules

B. Vas deferens

C. Corpus spongiosum

D. Ampulla

E. Prostate Gland

The chromosomes of a sperm cell are contained

A. Within the flagellum

B. Packed in the head of the cell

C. Within the acrosome of the cell

D. In the neck of the sperm cell

Secretions of the seminal vesicle

A. Are alkaline

B. Pass into the testes

C. Are acidic

D. Contain sperm cells

The general term given to male sex hormones is

A. Estrogen

B. Thymosins

C. Androgens

D. Prostaglandins

E. Testosterones

Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?

A. LH

B. GnRH

C. FSH

D. Testosterone

E. CRH