Physical & Chemical Physical & Chemical Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

Physical property – any characteristic that can Physical property – any characteristic that can be observed without changing the composition be observed without changing the composition of the substanceof the substance

Examples of Physical PropertiesExamples of Physical Properties

Viscosity – a liquids resistance to flowingViscosity – a liquids resistance to flowing Conductivity – ability to allow heat to flowConductivity – ability to allow heat to flow Malleability – ability to be shaped with a Malleability – ability to be shaped with a

hammerhammer HardnessHardness

Examples, cont.Examples, cont.

Melting point – temperature at which a solid Melting point – temperature at which a solid changes into a liquidchanges into a liquid

Boiling point – temperature at which a liquid Boiling point – temperature at which a liquid changes to a gaschanges to a gas

Density = mass/volume (“heavy” vs “light”)Density = mass/volume (“heavy” vs “light”)

Using Physical PropertiesUsing Physical Properties

Used to identify unknown materialsUsed to identify unknown materials Ex: used in forensics to solve crimesEx: used in forensics to solve crimes

Used to choose appropriate material for a jobUsed to choose appropriate material for a job Used to separate mixturesUsed to separate mixtures

Filtration – separates materials based on particle Filtration – separates materials based on particle sizesize

Distillation – separate solutions based on boiling Distillation – separate solutions based on boiling pointspoints

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Chemical property – produces a change in the Chemical property – produces a change in the composition of the mattercomposition of the matter

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Flammability – material’s ability to burn in the Flammability – material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygenpresence of oxygen

Reactivity – ability to combine chemically Reactivity – ability to combine chemically with another substancewith another substance

Recognizing Chemical ChangesRecognizing Chemical Changes

A change in color (brief video)A change in color (brief video) Production of a gas (bubbles video) Production of a gas (bubbles video) Formation of a precipitate (brief precipitation Formation of a precipitate (brief precipitation

video)video) Precipitate – a solid that forms and separates from Precipitate – a solid that forms and separates from

a liquida liquid

Physical vs Chemical ChangePhysical vs Chemical Change

Physical change – occurs when some Physical change – occurs when some properties of a material changes, but properties of a material changes, but substances in the material stays the samesubstances in the material stays the same Example: melting of iceExample: melting of ice

Chemical change – substance reacts and forms Chemical change – substance reacts and forms a new substancea new substance Example: rusting of a nailExample: rusting of a nail