Chemical ReactionsChemical Change

Properties of Matter Physical Property

Characteristic of a substance Colour, odour, lustre, solubility, melting and

boiling points, physical state Chemical Property

Characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance changes to a new substance.

Chemical change Reactants are used to create a new material called products.

Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure Substance All the particles that make up the substance

are the same. Broken down into 2 categories:1. Elements

Can not be broken down into simpler substances

2. Compounds Pure substances that contain two or more

different elements in a fixed proportion

Pure Substances and Mixtures Mixtures

Combination of pure substances. Broken down into 2 categories:

1. Homogeneous Mixture Mixture that looks the same throughout and the separate

components are not visible.2. Heterogeneous Mixture

Mixture is one in which different parts of the mixture are visible

Suspension tiny particles cause a cloudy mixture Salad dressing

Mechanical mixture several solids combined Chocolate chip cookie

Chemicals and Safety (p.511)

HHPS Hazardous Household Product Symbol

WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheet

Atomic Theory Protons

Heavy positively charged particles found in the nucleus Neutrons

Neutral particles that have about the same mass as protons and also found in nucleus

Electrons Negatively charged particles with almost no mass that

circle the nucleus at different energy levels

Elements & the Periodic Table

Periodic Table A structured arrangement of elements that

helps us to explain and predict physical and chemical properties.

Atomic Structure Bohr-Rutherford model

p. 145, fig. 4.9a

Chemical Reactivity

Valence Shells Outer shell of atom, electrons that are in that shell are

called valence electrons.

The chemical properties of elements are related to the energy changes that take place when atoms lose, gain or share electrons to obtain a filled valence shell.

Metals tend to lose electrons (cation) Non-metals tend to gain electrons (anion)

Chemical ReactivityAtoms of Hydrogen and Oxygen are different in

the number of subatomic particles they have This means that their reactivity is going to

be different 2H2 + O2 2H2O

Trends in Periodic Table Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups

(vertical columns) Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals,

halogens, noble gases Trends based on how electrons are

oriented Shells

Periodic Table Atomic Number

Is the number of protons in an atom of an element.

Atomic Mass Is the measure of the average

mass of an atom of that element.

Ion Charge Ion is an atom or group of

atoms with a negative or positive charge.