phylum platyhelminthesbsc2011l/pdfs/4-2011l_2005_fall...platyhelminthes class cestoda uterus has...
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ACOELOMATESPHYLUM
PLATYHELMINTHES&
PHYLUM
NEMERTINA
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The
ACOELOMATE Condition
Lumen of gut
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Any triploblastic organism which lacks a body cavity is said to be an acoelomate...
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PLATYHELMINTHES‘Flatworms’
• ORGAN grade of body organization
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• MESENCHYME = Middle layer derived from mesoderm germ layer = space-filling packing tissue
• ACOELOMATE - Mesoderm obliterates the blastocoel in the embryo
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PLATYHELMINTHES3 main classes
• CLASS Turbellaria - Free-living flatworms
• CLASS Trematoda - Endoparasitic Flukes
• CLASS Cestoda - Endoparasitic Tapeworms
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These next guys caused a laugh in the video…
(Ooh, yes their going to do it………….. Yes, Yes, YES! Oh wow! That was great!)
It was violent and yet the participants were quite beautiful…
What am I referring to?
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Marine flatworms…
But what we saw in lab was a freshwater flatworm. It was brown and looked as if it were boss-eyed.
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PHYLUM PlatyhelminthesCLASS Turbellaria
M
PPO
PO P M
I
Note extensible pharynx (P), pharyngeal opening (PO), mouth (M) & intestine (I) [fig 3.2-A]
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PHYLUM PlatyhelminthesCLASS Turbellaria
Anterior
Pharyngeal regionPosterior
cs through anterior of organism [fig 3.4] aka Batman’s plane. Note No pharynx, only caeca
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PHYLUM PlatyhelminthesCLASS Turbellaria
c.s. through pharyngeal region [fig 3.4] Note Pharynx, gastric caeca & Mesenchyme (Cilia!?) First of 2 Acoelomate c.s
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View of whole fluke organism. Note the two suckers. Anterior (A) one is for feeding, the ventral (V) one is for attachment
PHYLUMPlatyhelminthesCLASS Trematoda
A
V
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PHYLUMPlatyhelminthesCLASS Trematoda
C
C
VS
OS
P
Anterior end of fluke. Note oral sucker (OS), pharynx (P), caeca (C) & ventral sucker (VS) (for attachment) [fig 3.5]
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PHYLUMPlatyhelminthesCLASS Trematoda
E
O
C
T
U
OC
Note eggs E, ovaries O, shell gland, caeca C, uterus U and testes T [fig 3.5]
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PHYLUMPlatyhelminthesCLASS Cestoda
Scolex (I) and maturing proglottids.
The most reproductively mature sections are at the posterior end of the tapeworm.
What are these sections called?
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Scolex region. Note rostellum (R) (rings of hooks) & suckers (S) for attachment [fig 3.7-A]
PHYLUMPlatyhelminthesCLASS Cestoda
S
R
S
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PHYLUMPlatyhelminthesCLASS Cestoda
Sperm in from partner
Ovary
Uterus & Shell Gland
Speckled background = Testes
Sperm exit here
to enter another partner’s proglottid
Uterus will swell with many out-pockets as the eggs develop
Mature proglottid w/ reproductive structures [fig 3.7-D]
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PHYLUMPlatyhelminthesCLASS Cestoda
Uterus has swollen with eggs - fertilized with a partner tapeworm’s sperm
Gravid proglottid chock full o’ eggs [close-up of fig 3.7-E]
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PHYLUM
NEMERTINA(Acoelomate)
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This is our 1st organism with a COMPLETE digestive tract -
(i.e. it has an anus)
PHYLUM Nemertina
You did not see the specimen but had to fill out labels on a diagram in your lab manual showing a slide of a c.s.
= 2nd acoelomate c.s.
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c.s. through anterior end of a flatworm
??
?
PHYLUM Nemertina
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Rhynchocoel
Proboscis
Intestine
Note proboscis in the rhynchocoel & the flattened intestine (outlined). [fig 4.3-B]
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PSEUDOCOELOMATES
PHYLUM NEMATODAPHYLUM ROTIFERA
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The PSEUDOCOELOMATE Condition
Lumen of gut
PSEUDOCOELOM
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Any organism which has a “false” body cavity (pseudocoel) is said to be a pseudocoelomate...
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Definition of a pseudocoelom?- a fluid-filled body cavity, (derived from the
blastocoel), which surrounds the gut.
Functions (i.e. what’s it used for?)
• Hydrostatic skeleton• Circulatory
• Location of organs – reproduction & excretion