phylum arthropoda visual bee
TRANSCRIPT
Topics:TREIA PE BENITO
&JHODEL BILLOD
1. ARTHROPODA
2. ECHINODERMATA
Gk. “arthros”– joint + “podos”– foot
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Common throughout marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and even aerial environments
• Body usually segmented and jointed externally (divided into 3 major parts: head, thorax,
abdomen) with appendages that are equipped for feeding, sensory reception, defense, and
locomotion; with hardened exoskeleton containing chitin and molted at intervals
Complete digestive tract
(mandible-chewing or proboscis- sucking) with a dorsal heart and a
ventral nervous system
Sensory organs include antennae and hairs, simple and compound
eye
Reproduces (mostly sexually), one to several larval stage
The muscle system is more or less assisted by hydraulics originated from the blood pressure created by the heart
Respiration through gills, trachea, book lungs or body surface
With open circulatory system. Haemolymph that contains haemocyanin, a copper-based oxygen-carrying protein
REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISMS: Ants, Butterfly, Grasshopper, Beetles, Lobsters, Spiders etc.
SUBPHYLUM TRILOBITOMORPHA• CLASS TRILOBITA – Trilobites
SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA• CLASS ARACHNIDA – Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks
• CLASS MEROSTOMATA – Horseshoe crabs• CLASS PYCNOGONIDA – Sea spiders
• CLASS CEPHALOCARIDA – Horseshoe shrimp
• CLASS MAXILLOPODA – Barnacles, andFish lice
• CLASS MALACOSTRATA – Lobsters, Crabs, and Shrimps
SUBPHYLUM MARIAPODA• CLASS CHILOPODA – Centipedes• CLASS DIPLOPODA - Millipedes
SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA• CLASS INSECTA – InsectsSUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA
• Class Branchiopoda – Brine shrimp
CLASS CRUSTACEA Lobsters, Crabs and Shrimps
CLASS INSECTAAnts, Beetles and Bugs
CLASS MEROSTOMATA Horseshoe crabs
MAJOR PARTS OF AN INSECT
• Insects that have piercing and sucking mouthparts are called BUGS while BEETLES are insects distinguished as those having forewings
modified into hard wing cases that cover and protect the hind wings and abdomen!
CLASS ARACHNIDA Spiders, Ticks and Scorpions
CLASS CHILOPODA Centipedes
CLASS DIPLOPODA Millipedes
CLASS TRILOBITA Trilobites
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis refers to the stages in
development of an insect. This stages are : eggs, larva, pupa, and
adult
• Metamorphosis consisting of all these three stages is described as complete metamorphosis or holometabola.
HOLOMETABOLA
• Some insects undergo incomplete metamorphosis or hemimetabola when the larva stage is not conspicuous.
HEMIMETABOLA
• In other insects. The young that from the egg undergoes little or no structural changes, as they grow older. Such pattern of development is called ametabolab.
AMETABOLA
LIFE CYCLES OF SOME INSECTS
LIFE CYCLE OF A DRAGONFLY(CLASS INSECTA ORDER ODONATA)
LIFE CYCLE OF A FRUIT FLY
(CLASS INSECTA ORDER DIPTERA)
LIFE CYCLE OF A BUTTERFLY
(CLASS INSECTA ORDER LEPIDOPTERA)
LIFE CYCLE OF A GRASSHOPPER
(CLASS INSECTA ORDER ORTHOPTERA)
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
• Echinoderms are chiefly marine invertebrates. They have bodies
covered with spines. Their bodies are composed of calcuim
• They have a water vascular system , which function for locomotion, respiration, and feeding. The tips of the tube feet contain most of the organism’s sensory neurons. The tube feet are used to attach to objects, for protection, as well as to obtain food.
● Sexual reproduction in echinoderms usually involves the release of gametes by separate males and females into the seawater.●The radial adults develop by
metamorphosis from bilateral larvae.
● The radial appearance of most adult echinoderms is the result of a secondary adaptation to a sessile lifestyle.- Their larvae are clearly bilateral and even
echinoderm adults are not truly radial in their anatomy.
● All 7,000 or so species of echinoderms are marine.
● They are divided into six classes:
Asteroidea (sea stars) Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars) Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars) Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
CLASS ASTEROIDEA(SEA STARs) Example : Asterias
forbesi
Class Main characteristics
Asteroidea(Starfish@ sea star)
•Five arms (sometimes more).• Bear tube feet, which act like a suction disc, part of water vascular system.• Mouth generally lower (oral) surface of body, anus on upper (aboral) surface.
CLASS HOLOTHUROIDEA(SEA CUCUMBER)
Example : Holothuria floridana
Class Main characteristics
Holothuroidea(Sea cucumber)
• Elongated.• Lack spines.• Hard endoskeleton is reduced.• Five rows of tube feet, part of water vascular system.• Some of the tube feet around the mouth are developed as feeding tentacles.
CLASS CRINOIDEA
E.g. Featherstar
Class Main characteristics
Crinoidea(Sea Lilies)
• Attached to the substratum by stalked.• As a group, they use their arms in suspension-feeding.• The arms circle the mouth.
• This is the oldest and most primitive of all classes of echinoderms.
• The sea lily is attached to the substratum by a long stalk and thus sessile.
• Sea lily is star-shaped, and posses long feather arms around the mouth (oral) which is on the upper side, and has no spine in its body wall.
CLASS ECHINOIDEA
E.g Sea Urchin
Class Main characteristics
Echinoidea(Sea urchin & sand dollars)
• Have no arms.• Have 5rows of tube feet that function in slow movement.• Sea urchins are roughly spherical while san dollars are flattened & disc shape.
• Sea urchin has no arm, but has five bands of tube feet.
• Its body is spherical, and is covered with long spines.
• The plates of the endoskeleton are fused to form a rigid structure.
• The mouth is on the oral surface, and the intestine is long and coiled.
Keyhole urchin's body is covered with skin, muscle tissue, and short, fine spines that are used for burrowing. Rows of tube
feet extend through holes forming the five "petals" on the top side.
CLASS OPHIUROIDEA E.g. Ophiothrixsp
Class Main characteristics
Ophiuroidea(Brittle star)
• Distinct central discs, & the arms are long & flexible.• Their tube feet lack suckers & move by serpentine lashing of the arms.
Role of Echinodermata
• Star fish- Threaten the coral reef.• Crown-of-thorns starfish (animal with
venomous spines).• The only real predator of the dark starfish is
the triton. But triton are being over-harvested, allowing the starfish to increase its numbers.
• Because the main food of the crown-of-thorns starfish is coral, and the starfish population continues to grow, the coral reef ecosystem is being thrown out of balance.