php - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

7/31/2019 PHP - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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PHP

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

Paradigm(s) imperative, object-oriented,

procedural, reflective

Appeared in 1995 [1]

Designed by Rasmus Lerdorf Developer The PHP Group

Stable release 5.4.3 (May 8, 2012)

Typing discipline Dynamic, weak

Major

implementations

Zend Engine, Phalanger,

Quercus, Project Zero, HipHop

Influenced by C, C++, Java, Perl, Tcl [1]

Implementationlanguage

C

OS Cross-platform

License PHP License

Usual filename

extensions

.php, .phtml .php4 .php3 .php5

.phps

Website www.php.net

(http://www.php.net)

PHP Programming at Wikibooks

PHPFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting languageoriginally designed for Web development to produce dynamicWeb pages. It is one of the first developed server-sidescripting languages to be embedded into an HTML source

document, rather than calling an external file to process data.Ultimately, the code is interpreted by a Web server with aPHP processor module which generates the resulting Webpage. It also has evolved to include a command-line interfacecapability and can be used in standalone graphicalapplications. [2] PHP can be deployed on most Web serversand also as a standalone shell on almost every operatingsystem and platform free of charge. [3] A competitor toMicrosoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) server-side scriptengine [4] and similar languages, PHP is installed on more than20 million Web sites and 1 million Web servers. [5]

PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. Themain implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHPGroup and serves as the formal reference to the PHPlanguage. [6] PHP is free software released under the PHPLicense, which is incompatible with the GNU General PublicLicense (GPL) due to restrictions on the usage of the termPHP .[7]

While PHP originally stood for "Personal Home Page", it isnow said to stand for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor", arecursive acronym. [8]

Contents

1 History1.1 Licensing1.2 Release history

2 Usage3 Security4 Syntax

4.1 Data types4.2 Functions

4.2.1 PHP 5.2 and earlier4.2.2 PHP 5.3 and newer

4.3 Objects


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Rasmus Lerdorf, who wrote the original CommonGateway Interface (CGI) component together withAndi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski, who rewrote theparser that formed PHP 3

4.3.1 Visibility of properties andmethods

5 Speed optimization6 Compilers7 Resources8 See also9 Notes

10 External links

History

PHP development began in 1994 when theDanish/Greenlandic/Canadian programmer RasmusLerdorf initially created a set of Perl scripts he called"Personal Home Page Tools" to maintain his personalhomepage. The scripts performed tasks such as displayinghis rsum and recording his web-page traffic. [6][9][10]Lerdorf initially announced the release of PHP on thecomp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Usenet discussiongroup on June 8, 1995. [11]

He rewrote these scripts as Common Gateway Interface(CGI) binaries in C, extending them to add the ability towork with Web forms and to communicate with databases

and called this implementation "Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter" or PHP/FI. PHP/FI could be used to buildsimple, dynamic Web applications. Lerdorf released PHP/FI as "Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version1.0" publicly on June 8, 1995, to accelerate bug location and improve the code. [12] This release already had thebasic functionality that PHP has today. This included Perl-like variables, form handling, and the ability to embedHTML. The syntax was similar to Perl but was more limited and simpler, although less consistent. [6] A developmenteam began to form and, after months of work and beta testing, officially released PHP/FI 2 in November 1997.

Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, two Israeli developers at the Technion IIT, rewrote the parser in 1997 andformed the base of PHP 3, changing the language's name to the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor .[6] Afterward, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the official launch came in June 1998. Suraski andGutmans then started a new rewrite of PHP's core, producing the Zend Engine in 1999. [13] They also founded

Zend Technologies in Ramat Gan, Israel.[6]

On May 22, 2000, PHP 4, powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was released. [6] As of August 2008 this branch is upto version 4.4.9. PHP 4 is no longer under development nor will any security updates be released. [14][15]

On July 13, 2004, PHP 5 was released, powered by the new Zend Engine II. [6] PHP 5 included new features suchas improved support for object-oriented programming, the PHP Data Objects (PDO) extension (which defines alightweight and consistent interface for accessing databases), and numerous performance enhancements. [16] In2008 PHP 5 became the only stable version under development. Late static binding had been missing from PHPand was added in version 5.3. [17][18]


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A new major version has been under development alongside PHP 5 for several years. This version was originallyplanned to be released as PHP 6 as a result of its significant changes, which included plans for full Unicode support.However, Unicode support took developers much longer to implement than originally thought, and the decision wasmade in March 2010 [19] to move the project to a branch, with features still under development moved to trunk.

Changes in the new code include the removal of register_globals ,[20] magic quotes, and safe mode. [14][21] Threason for the removals was that register_globals had opened security holes by intentionally allowing runtime data

injection, and the use of magic quotes had an unpredictable nature. Instead, to escape characters, magic quotesmay be replaced with the addslashes() function, or more appropriately an escape mechanism specific to thedatabase vendor itself like mysql_real_escape_string() for MySQL. Functions that will be removed in futureversions and have been deprecated in PHP 5.3 will produce a warning if used. [22]

Many high-profile open-source projects ceased to support PHP 4 in new code as of February 5, 2008, because of the GoPHP5 initiative, [23] provided by a consortium of PHP developers promoting the transition from PHP 4 toPHP 5. [24][25]

Since version 5.4, PHP has native support for Unicode or multibyte strings, allowing strings as well as class-,

method-, and function-names to contain non-ASCII characters.[26][27]

PHP interpreters are available on both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems, but on Microsoft Windows the onlyofficial distribution is a 32-bit implementation, requiring Windows 32-bit compatibility mode while using InternetInformation Services (IIS) on a 64-bit Windows platform. Experimental 64-bit versions of PHP 5.3.0 were brieflyavailable for MS Windows, but have since been removed. [28]

Licensing

PHP is free software released under the PHP License, which insists that: [29]

4. Products derived from this software may not be called "PHP", normay "PHP" appear in their name, without prior written permissionfrom [email protected]. You may indicate that your software works inconjunction with PHP by saying "Foo for PHP" instead of callingit "PHP Foo" or "phpfoo"

This restriction on use of the name PHP makes it incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL). [30]

Release history

Meaning

Red Release no longer supported

Green Release supported

Blue Future release

Majorversion

Minorversion

Releasedate

Notes


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5.3.6 2011-03-10 Over 60 bug fixes that were reported in the previous version.5.3.7 2011-08-18

This release focuses on improving the stability of the PHP 5.3.x branch withover 90 bug fixes, some of which are security related.

5.3.8 2011-08-23 This release fixes two issues introduced in the PHP 5.3.7 release.

5.3.9 2012-01-10This release focuses on improving the stability of the PHP 5.3.x branch withover 90 bug fixes, some of which are security related.

5.3.10 2012-02-02Fixed arbitrary remote code execution vulnerability reported by Stefan Esser,CVE-2012-0830.

5.3.13 2012-05-08 Fixed the vulnerability in CGI-based setups

5.4.0 2012-03-01

Trait Support, short array syntax support. Removed items:register_globals , safe_mode , allow_call_time_pass_reference ,session_register() , session_unregister() andsession_is_registered() . Built-in web server. [38] Severalimprovements to existing features, performance and reduced memoryrequirements.

5.4.1 2012-04-26 Number of bug fixes and security enhancements(http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-5.php#5.4.1) .

5.4.2 2012-05-03 Security patch to fix PHP-CGI query string parameter vulnerability.

5.4.3 2012-05-08Fix vulnerability in CGI-based setups and also the buffer overflowvulnerability for apache_request_headers()

6 ?.? No date set

The development of PHP 6 has been delayed because the developers havedecided the current approach to handling of instance unicode is not a goodone, and are considering alternate ways in the next version of PHP. [39] The

updates that were intended for PHP 6 were added to PHP 5.3.0 (namespacesupport, late static bindings, lambda functions, closures, goto) and 5.4.0(traits, closure rebinding) instead.

Beginning on June 28, 2011, the PHP Group began following a timeline for when new versions of PHP will bereleased. [40] Under this timeline, at least one release should occur every month. Once per year, a minor releaseshould occur which can include new features. Every minor release should at least have 2 years of security and bugfixes, followed by at least 1 year of only security fixes, for a total of a 3 year release process for every minorrelease. No new features (unless small and self contained) will be introduced into a minor release during the 3 yearrelease process.

Usage

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web development where PHPgenerally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually to createdynamic web page content or dynamic images used on Web sites or elsewhere. [41] It can also be used forcommand-line scripting and client-side graphical user interface (GUI) applications. PHP can be deployed on mostWeb servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database managementsystems (RDBMS). It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users


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to build, customize and extend for their own use. [3]

PHP acts primarily as a filter, [42] taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP instructions andoutputting another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. Since PHP 4, the PHP parsercompiles input to produce bytecode for processing by the Zend Engine, giving improved performance over itsinterpreter predecessor. [43]

Originally designed to create dynamic Web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side scripting,[44]

and it issimilar to other server-side scripting languages that provide dynamic content from a Web server to a client, such asMicrosoft's ASP.NET, Sun Microsystems' JavaServer Pages, [45] and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted thedevelopment of many frameworks that provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid applicationdevelopment (RAD). Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, Yii Framework, and ZendFramework, offering features similar to other web application frameworks.

The LAMP architecture has become popular in the Web industry as a way of deploying Web applications. PHP iscommonly used as the P in this bundle alongside Linux, Apache and MySQL, although the P may also refer toPython or Perl or some mix of the three. Similar packages are also available for Windows and OS X, then called

WAMP and MAMP, with the first letter standing for the respective operating system.As of April 2007, over 20 million Internet domains had Web services hosted on servers with PHP installed andmod_php was recorded as the most popular Apache HTTP Server module. [46] PHP is used as the server-sideprogramming language on 75% of all Web servers. [47] Web content management systems written in PHP includeMediaWiki, [48] Joomla, eZ Publish, SilverStripe, [49] WordPress, [50] Drupal [51] and Moodle. [52] All Web sitescreated using these tools are written in PHP, including the user-facing portion of Wikipedia, Facebook, [53] andDigg. [54]

Security

Vulnerabilities are caused mostly by not following best practice programming rules: technical security flaws of thelanguage itself or of its core libraries are not frequent (23 in 2008, about 1% of the total). [55][56] Recognizing thatprogrammers make mistakes, some languages include taint checking to detect automatically the lack of inputvalidation which induces many issues. Such a feature is being developed for PHP, [57] but its inclusion in a releasehas been rejected several times in the past. [58][59]

There are advanced protection patches such as Suhosin and Hardening-Patch, especially designed for Web hostingenvironments. [60]

PHPIDS adds security to any PHP application to defend against intrusions. PHPIDS detects attacks based oncross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, header injection, directory traversal, remote file execution, remote fileinclusion, and denial-of-service (DoS). [61]

Syntax

Main article: PHP syntax and semantics

The PHP interpreter only executes PHP code within its delimiters. Anything outside its delimiters is not processed


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PHP Test

Hello world program in PHP code embedded in HTML code

by PHP (although non-PHP text is still subjectto control structures described in PHP code).The most common delimiters are to close PHP sections. and delimitersare also available, as are the shortened forms as well as ASP-style shortforms


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The Standard PHP Library (SPL) attempts to solve standard problems and implements efficient data accessinterfaces and classes. [71]

Functions

PHP has hundreds of base functions and thousands more via extensions. These functions are well documented onthe PHP site; however, the built-in library has a wide variety of naming conventions and inconsistencies. [72] PHP

currently has no functions for thread programming, although it does support multiprocess programming on POSIXsystems. [73]

Additional functions can be defined by a developer:

function myFunction () { //declares a function, this is named myFunction return 'John Doe' ; //returns the value 'John Doe'} echo 'My name is ' . myFunction () . '!' ; //outputs the text and the return variable of the

//myFunction, the function is also called //the result of the output will be 'My name is John Doe!'

PHP 5.2 and earlier

Functions are not first-class functions and can only be referenced by their name, directly or dynamically by avariable containing the name of the function. [74] User-defined functions can be created at any time without beingprototyped. [74] Functions can be defined inside code blocks, permitting a run-time decision as to whether or not afunction should be defined. Function calls must use parentheses, with the exception of zero argument classconstructor functions called with the PHP new operator, where parentheses are optional. PHP supportsquasi-anonymous functions through the create_function() function, although they are not true anonymous

functions because anonymous functions are nameless, but functions can only be referenced by name, or indirectlythrough a variable $function_name(); , in PHP. [74]

PHP 5.3 and newer

PHP gained support for closures. True anonymous functions are supported using the following syntax:

function getAdder ( $x ) { return function ( $y ) use ( $x ) { return $x + $y ; } ;} $adder = getAdder ( 8 ) ;echo $adder ( 2 ) ; // prints "10"

Here, the getAdder() function creates a closure using the parameter $x (the keyword use imports a variable fromthe lexical context), which takes an additional argument $y and returns it to the caller. Such a function is a first classobject, meaning that it can be stored in a variable, passed as a parameter to other functions, etc. For more detailssee Lambda functions and closures RFC (http://wiki.php.net/rfc/closures) .

The goto flow control statement is used as follows:


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function lock () { $file = fopen ( 'file.txt' , 'r+' ) ;

retry : if ( ! flock ( $file , LOCK_EX & LOCK_NB )) {

goto retry ; } fwrite ( $file , 'Success!' ) ; fclose ( $file ) ; return 0 ;}

When flock() is called, PHP opens a file and tries to lock it. The target label retry: defines the point to whichexecution should return if flock() is unsuccessful and goto retry; is called. The goto statement is restrictedand requires that the target label be in the same file and context.

The goto statement has been supported since PHP 5.3.

Objects

Basic object-oriented programming functionality was added in PHP 3 and improved in PHP 4. [6] Object handlingwas completely rewritten for PHP 5, expanding the feature set and enhancing performance. [75] In previous versionsof PHP, objects were handled like value types. [75] The drawback of this method was that the whole object wascopied when a variable was assigned or passed as a parameter to a method. In the new approach, objects arereferenced by handle, and not by value. PHP 5 introduced private and protected member variables and methods,along with abstract classes, final classes, abstract methods, and final methods. It also introduced a standard way of declaring constructors and destructors, similar to that of other object-oriented languages such as C++, and astandard exception handling model. Furthermore, PHP 5 added interfaces and allowed for multiple interfaces to beimplemented. There are special interfaces that allow objects to interact with the runtime system. Objectsimplementing ArrayAccess can be used with array syntax and objects implementing Iterator or IteratorAggregatecan be used with the foreach language construct. There is no virtual table feature in the engine, so static variablesare bound with a name instead of a reference at compile time. [76]

If the developer creates a copy of an object using the reserved word clone , the Zend engine will check if a__clone() method has been defined or not. If not, it will call a default __clone() which will copy the object'sproperties. If a __clone() method is defined, then it will be responsible for setting the necessary properties in thecreated object. For convenience, the engine will supply a function that imports the properties of the source object,so that the programmer can start with a by-value replica of the source object and only override properties that needto be changed. [77]

Basic example of object-oriented programming as described above:


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class Person { pub lic $firstName ; pub lic $lastName ;

pub lic function __construct ( $firstName , $lastName = '' ) { //Optional parameter $this -> firstName = $firstName ; $this -> lastName = $lastName ; }

pub lic function greet () { return "Hello, my name is " . $this -> firstName . " " . $this -> lastName . "." ; }

pub lic static function staticGreet ( $firstName , $lastName ) { return "Hello, my name is " . $firstName . " " . $lastName . "." ; }} $he = new Person ( 'John' , 'Smith' ) ;$she = new Person ( 'Sally' , 'Davis' ) ;$other = new Person ( 'Joe' ) ; echo $he -> greet () ; // prints "Hello, my name is John Smith."echo '
' ;echo $she -> greet () ; // prints "Hello, my name is Sally Davis."echo '
' ;echo $other -> greet () ; // prints "Hello, my name is Joe ."echo '
' ;echo Person :: staticGreet ( 'Jane' , 'Doe' ) ; // prints "Hello, my name is Jane Doe."

Visibility of properties and methods

The visibility of PHP properties and methods refers to visibility in PHP. It is defined using the keywords public ,private , and protected . The default is public, if only var is used; var is a synonym for public . Items declaredpublic can be accessed everywhere. protected limits access to inherited classes (and to the class that definesthe item). private limits visibility only to the class that defines the item. [78] Objects of the same type have access

to each other's private and protected members even though they are not the same instance. PHP's member visibilityfeatures have sometimes been described as "highly useful." [79] However, they have also sometimes been describedas "at best irrelevant and at worst positively harmful." [80]

Speed optimization

Main article: PHP accelerator

PHP source code is compiled on-the-fly to an internal format that can be executed by the PHP engine. [81][82] Inorder to speed up execution time and not have to compile the PHP source code every time the Web page isaccessed, PHP scripts can also be deployed in executable format using a PHP compiler.

Code optimizers aim to enhance the performance of the compiled code by reducing its size, merging redundantinstructions and making other changes that can reduce the execution time. With PHP, there are often opportunitiesfor code optimization. [83] An example of a code optimizer is the eAccelerator PHP extension. [84]

Another approach for reducing compilation overhead for PHP servers is using an opcode cache. Opcode cacheswork by caching the compiled form of a PHP script (opcodes) in shared memory to avoid the overhead of parsingand compiling the code every time the script runs. An opcode cache, APC, is planned to be built into an upcomingrelease of PHP (but not 5.4 [85] as previously planned [86] ).


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Opcode caching and code optimization can be combined for best efficiency, as the modifications do not depend oneach other (they happen in distinct stages of the compilation).

Compilers

The PHP language was originally implemented as an interpreter. Several compilers have been developed whichdecouple the PHP language from the interpreter. Advantages of compilation include better execution speed, staticanalysis, and improved interoperability with code written in other languages. [87] PHP compilers of note includePhalanger, which compiles PHP into Common Intermediate Language (CIL) byte-code, and HipHop, developed atFacebook and now available as open source, which transforms the PHP Script into C++, then compiles it, reducingserver load up to 50%.

Resources

PHP includes free and open source libraries with the core build. PHP is a fundamentally Internet-aware system withmodules built in for accessing File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers, many database servers, embedded SQL

libraries such as embedded PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite, LDAP servers, and others. Many functions familiarto C programmers such as those in the stdio family are available in the standard PHP build. [88]

PHP allows developers to write extensions in C to add functionality to the PHP language. These can then becompiled into PHP or loaded dynamically at runtime. Extensions have been written to add support for the WindowsAPI, process management on Unix-like operating systems, multibyte strings (Unicode), cURL, and several popularcompression formats. Some more unusual features include integration with Internet Relay Chat, dynamic generationof images and Adobe Flash content, and even speech synthesis. The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL)project is a repository for extensions to the PHP language. [89]

Zend provides a certification exam for programmers to become certified PHP developers.

See also

Comparison of programming languagesComparison of PHP frameworksList of AMP packagesList of PHP editorsPHP acceleratorPHP-FPMPHP-GTKTemplate processorEasyPHPXAMPPZend Certified EngineerZend Server Community Edition

Notes


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. asmus er or egan assem ng co e or g na y wr t ten or scr pts nto a rary an access ng t elibrary's functions, including SQL queries, through HTML-embedded commands in 1994; Lerdorf, Rasmus (2007-04-26). "PHP on Hormones - history of PHP presentation by Rasmus Lerdorf given at the MySQL Conference inSanta Clara, California" (http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail3298.html#) (mp3). The ConversationsNetwork. http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail3298.html#. Retrieved 2009-12-11. "Every day I wouldchange the language drastically, and it didn't take very long, so by 1995, mid-1995 or so, PHP looked like this(http://talks.php.net/show/mysql07key/4) . This isn't that far from what PHP looks like today, actually."

2. ^ "Introduction: What can PHP do?" (http://www.php.net/manual/en/intro-whatcando.php) . PHP Manual .http://www.php.net/manual/en/intro-whatcando.php. Retrieved 2009-03-05.

3. ^ a b "Embedding PHP in HTML" (http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/php/2001/05/03/php_foundations.html) .O'Reilly. 2001-05-03. http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/php/2001/05/03/php_foundations.html. Retrieved 2008-02-25.

4. ^ "PHP Tutorial" (http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp) . http://www.w3sc hools.com/php/default.asp.Retrieved 2011-05-28.

5. ^ "Usage Stats for April 2007" (http://www.php.net/usage.php) . http://www.php.net/usage.php. Retrieved 2008-07-07.

6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "History of PHP and related projects" (http://www.php.net/history) . The PHP Group.http://www.php.net/history. Retrieved 2008-02-25.

7. ^ "GPL-Incompatible, Free Software Licenses" (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#GPLIncompatibleLicenses) . Various Licenses and Comments about Them . Free Software Foundation.http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#GPLIncompatibleLicenses. Retrieved 2012-03-11.

8. ^ PHP.net General FAQ (http://us.php.net/manual/en/faq.general.php)9. ^ Lerdorf, Rasmus (2007-04-26). "PHP on Hormones"

(http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail3298.html) (mp3). The Conversations Network.http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail3298.html. Retrieved 2009-06-22.

10. ^ Lerdorf, Rasmus (2007). "Slide 3" (http://talks.php.net/show/mysql07key/3) . slides for 'PHP on Hormones' talk . The PHP Group. http://talks.php.net/show/mysql07key/3. Retrieved 2009-06-22.

11. ^ Lerdorf, Rasmus (June 8, 1995). "Announce: Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools)"(http://groups.google.com/group/comp.infosystems.w ww.authoring.cgi/msg/cc7d43454d64d133?pli=1) .http://groups.google.com/group/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi/msg/cc7d43454d64d133?pli=1. Retrieved 7June 2011.

12. ^ Lerdorf, Rasmus (1995-06-08). "Announce: Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools)".comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi (news:comp.infosystems.w ww.authoring.cgi) . (Web link)(http://groups.google.com/group/comp.infosystems.w ww.authoring.cgi/msg/cc7d43454d64d133) . Retrieved2006-09-17.

13. ^ " (http://www.zend.com/zend/zend-engine-summary.php) Zend Engine version 2.0: Feature Overview andDesign". Zend Technologies Ltd.. http://www.zend.com/zend/zend-engine-summary.php. Retrieved 2006-09-17.

14. ^ a b "php.net 2007 news archive" (http://www.php.net/archive/2007.php) . The PHP Group. 2007-07-13.http://www.php.net/archive/2007.php. Retrieved 2008-02-22.

15. ^ Kerner, Sean Michael (2008-02-01). "PHP 4 is DeadLong Live PHP 5" (http://www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article.php/3725291) . InternetNews. http://www.internetnews.c om/dev-news/article.php/3725291.Retrieved 2008-03-16.

16. ^ Trachtenberg, Adam (2004-07-15). "Why PHP 5 Rocks!"(http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/php/2004/07/15/UpgradePHP5.html) . O'Reilly.http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/php/2004/07/15/UpgradePHP5.html. Retrieved 2008-02-22.

17. ^ "Late Static Binding in PHP" (http://www.digitalsandwich.com/archives/53-Late-Static-Binding-in-PHP.html) .Digital Sandwich. 2006-02-23. http://www.digitalsandwich.com/archives/53-Late-Static-Binding-in-PHP.html.Retrieved 2008-03-25.

18. ^ "Static Keyword" (http://www.php.net/language.oop5.static) . The PHP Group.http://www.php.net/language.oop5.static. Retrieved 2008-03-25.

19. ^ "PHP 6" (http://news.php.net/php.internals/47120) . The PHP project. http://news.php.net/php.internals/47120.Retrieved 2010-03-27.

20. ^ "Usin Re ister Globals" htt ://www. h .net/re ister_ lobals . PHP. htt ://www. h .net/re ister_ lobals.


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_ _Retrieved 2008-04-04.

21. ^ "Prepare for PHP 6" (http://www.corephp.co.uk/archives/19-Prepare-for-PHP-6.html) . CorePHP. 2005-11-23.http://www.corephp.co.uk/archives/19-Prepare-for-PHP-6.html. Retrieved 2008-03-24.

22. ^ "PHP 5.3 migration guide" (http://www.php.net/migration53) . The PHP project.http://www.php.net/migration53. Retrieved 2009-07-03.

23. ^ "GoPHP5" (http://www.gophp5.org/projects) . http://www.gophp5.org/projects.24. ^ GoPHP5. "PHP projects join forces to Go PHP 5" (http://gophp5.org/sites/gophp5.org/files/press_release.pdf)

(PDF). GoPHP5 Press Release . http://gophp5.org/sites/gophp5.org/files/press_release.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-23.

25. ^ "GoPHP5" (http://gophp5.org/) . GoPHP5. http://gophp5.org/. Retrieved 2008-02-22.26. ^ "Unicode" (http://www.php.net/~derick/meeting-notes.html#unicode) . The PHP Group.

http://www.php.net/~derick/meeting-notes.html#unicode. Retrieved 2008-03-25.27. ^ Byfield, Bruce (February 28, 2007). "Upcoming PHP release will offer Unicode support"

(http://www.linux.com/archive/feature/60386) . linux.com. http://www.linux.com/archive/feature/60386. Retrieved2009-06-23.

28. ^ The PHP Group. "PHP For Windows snapshots" (http://windows.php.net/snapshots/) . PHP Windows Development Team . http://windows.php.net/snapshots/. Retrieved 2009-05-25.

29. ^ "The PHP License, version 3.01" (http://www.php.net/license/3_01.txt) . http://www.php.net/license/3_01.txt.Retrieved 2010-05-20.

30. ^ "GPL-Incompatible, Free Software Licenses" (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-

list.html#GPLIncompatibleLicenses) . Various Licenses and Comments about Them . Free Software Foundation.http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#GPLIncompatibleLicenses. Retrieved 2011-01-03.

31. ^ a b c d e "PHP: PHP 4 ChangeLog" (http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-4.php) . The PHP Group. 2008-01-03.http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-4.php. Retrieved 2008-02-22.

32. ^ "PHP: Using PHP from the command line - Manual:" (http://us3.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.php) .The PHP Group. http://us3.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.php. Retrieved 2009-09-11.

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External links

Official website (http://www.php.net)PHP (http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/PHP/) at the Open Directory ProjectPHP Section on DevShed (http://www.devshed.com/c/b/PHP)PHP Reference Manual (http://www.php.net/manual)

PHP PDO Beginner's Tutorial and Explanation (http://www.evanpetersen.com/item/what-is-pdo-and-why-should-i-use-it.html)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PHP&oldid=493875363"Categories: Free compilers and interpreters Procedural programming languages

Object-oriented programming languages PHP programming language Scripting languages Initialisms

Cross-platform software Internet terminology Filename extensions High-level programming languages

Programming languages created in 1995

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