BENCHMARK REVIEW..3!(LAST ONE)

Photosynthesis..what’s the point of it?

Convert energy! Light energy to chemical energy

Part 1: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis takes inorganic materials (sun) and makes organic, or carbon products (glucose).

Where does this happen?

Chloroplast

Light dependent reactions split _______.

Water. Electrons are released, and oxygen.

ATP and NADPH are made through an electron transport chain

In photosynthesis, oxygen is released.

Oxygen is released from what molecule?

WATER!

Photosynthesis stores energy as…

GLUCOSE!

Without photosynthesis, there would be no __________

GLUCOSE PRODUCTION

What is needed for photosynthesis?

Sunlight (white light) to be absorbed

Carbon dioxide

Ideal temperature

Is oxygen needed for photosyntheis?

No it’s a product of photosynthesis

Independent variable?

Red White Green0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Light color

Ph

oto

syn

the

sis

Ra

te

(Sta

rch

Cre

ate

d)

Dependent variable (what you measure)

Red White Green0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Light color

Ph

oto

syn

the

sis

Ra

te

(Sta

rch

Cre

ate

d)

The plant with white light (sunlight)

Plant exposed to sunlight (white light) will absorb some wavelengths of light. It will __________ the others.

ReflectRed White Green

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Light color

Ph

oto

syn

the

sis

R

ate

(S

tarc

h

Cre

ate

d)

If the plant doesn’t photosynthesize much, it’s _____ light (not absorbing it).

Red White Green0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Light color

Ph

oto

syn

the

sis

R

ate

(S

tarc

h

Cre

ate

d)

Reflecting

Cellular respiration

Releasing energy from glucose to make ATP.

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

GLUCOSE and OXYGEN!

What are the products of cellular respiration?

ATP and water

Hint: These are inorganic molecules..no carbon

Do photosynthesis and cellular respiration create energy?

No ..just convert it to useable forms

The aerobic (oxygen requiring) part of Cellular Respiration happens where?

Mitochondria Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport

Chain

Glycolysis is the first step of Cellular Respiration. Glycolysis does not require oxygen. But, if the cell has no oxygen, it can’t

go through Krebs Cycle and ETC.

So what does it do? Produce energy through

Fermentation

Your muscles aren’t getting oxygen. They switch to ______ to get ATP. Lactic acid fermentation

Now your muscles are sore.

This is because _____________ has built up.

Lactic acid

Part DOS: Cell Cycle and Protein Synthesis

_________ are two identical parts of a chromosome.

Sister Chromatids

The _______ attaches sister chromatids.

Centromere

Segments on chromosomes are called __________.

Genes

These are made up of DNA!

A nucleotide of DNA is made of.. Nitrogen base (adenine,

thymine, cytosine, guanine)

Deoxyribose (sugar)

And Phosphate groups

What three elements make up DNA nucleotides?

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Carbon (in the sugar)

DNA and RNA are very similar.

Do they have the same sugar?

No.

DNA has Deoxyribose.

RNA has Ribose

Cell Cycle.

I Play Music At The Club

I= Interphase (G1, S, G2)

Play= Prophase Music = Metaphase At= Anaphase The= Telophase

Club= Cytokinesis

Mitosis..

Making two nuclei.

If I have 24 chromosomes in the parent cell, there are _______ chromosomes in the daughter cell.

The same, 24

Somatic cells (like liver, heart, lung cells) are a result of _________

Mitosis

The order of mitosis

Prophase: phase 1

Metaphase: middle

Anaphase: away

Telophase: two nuclei

If cytokinesis didn’t follow mitosis..

The cytoplasm wouldn’t split..so what would happen?

One big cell, two nuclei!

This forms between the two plant cells during cytokinesis.

Cells control division by checkpoints.

They may sense _______ within the cells. Enzymes

They may sense _________ outside the cell. Chemicals

They may sense if there are other _________ close by, or far away. Cells

Cancer cells do not respond to..

Checkpoints!

Uncontrolled division

Creating a protein..

DNA is _______________. Replicated!

___________ is made from that DNA strand.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

_______reads the mRNA to transfer amino acids to ribosomes to make proteins. Transfer RNA

First DNA is replicated.

Then it’s transcribed to mRNA..then it’s translated to Protein

The bonds between Amino Acids (AA)

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that code for amino acids. Where are the codons/mRNA?

Ribosomes are the location where.. Proteins are created

Without them, no proteins!

Movement of Proteins

Proteins are created on the ___________. Ribosome

They can then be transported by the ___________ reticulum. Endoplasmic

They can be modified by the __________ apparatus. Golgi

They can leave the cell through the ________. Membrane