photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ light chlorophyll
TRANSCRIPT
Photosynthesis
6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__Light
Chlorophyll
CO2: Carbon Dioxide
Air __% N2
__% O2
.04%CO2
H2OExits
CO2 Enters
Open Stomate
Closed Stomate
2 _____ Cellssurrounding apore
Transpiration_______________________________________
How Does Water Get In The Plant?
Water enters through the __________
Most water is lost from the plant through the _________
To reduce water loss leaves are covered with a waxy cuticle (plant “chapstick”)
CO2 Enters
The Leaf is Covered with a Waxy Cuticle: “Plant Chapstick”
H2O Exits
If water cannot get out of the leaf through the waxycuticle what cannot getinto the leaf for P/S?
Mesophyll cell or photosynthetic cell: Note the chloroplasts
Transpiration The ________ loss by a plant,
primarily through stomata
Degree of Stomatal Opening
Closed Partially FullyOpen Open
TranspirationRate
Photosynthesis and Transpiration
High Rates of P/S are associated with high transpiration rates
Degree of Stomatal Opening
Closed Partially FullyOpen Open
Rate ofP/S
An Open Stomate
Guard cells
Pore
Chlorophyll: The Primary P/S Pigment
Pigments absorb light energy The color you see is the color that is
reflected White versus Black
Why is chlorophyll green?_____________ Would you expect green light to be an
effective color of light for P/S?
Accessory Pigments Absorb colors of light that?
Example: ___________
__________ Pigments
Stroma
Photosynthesisis a two stepprocess:
•The light reactions
• The dark rxns or the Calvin cycle
Photosynthesis is a Two Step Process
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
The Light Reactions: Light Dependant Photochemical
___________________________
The Light Independent or Dark Reactions _______________ Dependant Use the chemical energy created in the light
reactions to convert CO2 to glucose
The Dark Reactions
The Light Reactions
The Light and Dark Reactions
The Light Reactions occur on the ______
The Dark Reactions take place in the ________
The Light Reactions are Light Dependent
Light Intensity
Rate ofP/S
Light Saturation
Low Med High
Can you think of a habitator ecosystem where P/S might be limited?
The Dark Reactions are Temperature Dependent
Temperature
Rate ofP/S
Low Med High Extreme
What is beginning to happen here?
Can you think of a habitat or ecosystem where P/S might be limited?
ATP: The __________ Molecule
Energy from the sun is used tomake ATP
ATP is cellulargasoline.
ATP is made in the light reactions
The Light Reactions Photochemical: Light energy is
converted to chemical energy in the form of two high potential energy molecules.
H2O ½ O2
ATP
NADPH
The Light Reactions The Two High Potential Energy
Molecules Produced are: __________ __________
The Electron Source is?__________ When water gives up electrons
what waste product is produced?
______ Photosynthesis: The Normal Pathway
_______ Photosynthesis: Kranz Anatomy
__________ Anatomy
Note that thechloroplastsare in thecenter of theleaf
CAM Photosynthesis: Cacti and Other Succulents
Stomata closed ___________________
Take in CO2 at ________ and convert it into a 4C acid The 4C acid is a storage form of CO2
During the day, when the stomata are closed, the 4C acid releases CO2 to the Calvin-Benson Cycle (dark reaction)
What is the advantage of having the stomata open at night and closed during the day?
Pancake Cactus – A ____Succulent
GreenStem
____ P/s
Oxidation
Release of Energy (Burning Wood)
Loss of ?
Loss of a hydrogen
NADH2 (NADH) NAD + 2e- +
E
High P.E. Low P.E.
Reduction Requires Energy
Gain of an electron
Gain of a hydrogen
NAD + 2e- + E NADH2 (NADH)
½ O2 + 2e- H2O
Low P.E. High P.E.
ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP ADP + P + EHigh P.E. Low P.E.
Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate
ADP + P + E ATP.
Eat Breathe Exhale
The Equation
Where does this take place in the cell?
I. Gycolysis
6 C – Glucose
2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid
3C – Pyruvic Acid
III. Citric Acid Cycle
6 C – Citric Acid
2 C – Acetyl-CoA
4 C – OxaloaceticAcid
2 CO2
1 ATP1 ATP
2 ATP2 ATP
3 NADH2
1 FADH2
1 CO2
2 NADH2
1 NADH2
II. Transition Reaction
One turn per pyruvic acidthus 2 turns per glucose
(2 CO2 per glucose) (2 NADH2 per glucose)
Cytoplasm Mitochondria
NADH2
1 ATP1 ATP
1 FADH2
1 ATP1 ATP
1 ATP1 ATP
IV. Electron Transport Chain Cristae of Mitochondria
2e-
½ O2 H2O
(4 CO2 per glucose)
(2 ATP per Glucose)
(2 FADH2 per glucose)
(6 NADH2 per glucose)
Aerobic – What is thefinal electron acceptor?
Anaerobic
The Oxygen Limited PathwayHumans: Lactic Acid Production
I. Gycolysis
6 C – Glucose
2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 2 Lactic Acid
2 ATP2 ATP 2 NADH2
4e-
2 C3H4O3 2 C3H6O3
Sore Muscles
The Oxygen Limited PathwayYeast: Alcoholic Fermentation
I. Gycolysis
6 C – Glucose
2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 2 (2C)Ethyl Alcohol + 2 CO2
2 ATP2 ATP 2 NADH2
4e-
2 C3H4O3