![Page 1: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Photosynthesis
6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__Light
Chlorophyll
![Page 2: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CO2: Carbon Dioxide
Air __% N2
__% O2
.04%CO2
![Page 3: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
H2OExits
CO2 Enters
Open Stomate
Closed Stomate
2 _____ Cellssurrounding apore
Transpiration_______________________________________
![Page 4: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How Does Water Get In The Plant?
Water enters through the __________
Most water is lost from the plant through the _________
To reduce water loss leaves are covered with a waxy cuticle (plant “chapstick”)
![Page 5: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CO2 Enters
The Leaf is Covered with a Waxy Cuticle: “Plant Chapstick”
H2O Exits
If water cannot get out of the leaf through the waxycuticle what cannot getinto the leaf for P/S?
Mesophyll cell or photosynthetic cell: Note the chloroplasts
![Page 6: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Transpiration The ________ loss by a plant,
primarily through stomata
Degree of Stomatal Opening
Closed Partially FullyOpen Open
TranspirationRate
![Page 7: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Photosynthesis and Transpiration
High Rates of P/S are associated with high transpiration rates
Degree of Stomatal Opening
Closed Partially FullyOpen Open
Rate ofP/S
![Page 8: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
An Open Stomate
Guard cells
Pore
![Page 9: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chlorophyll: The Primary P/S Pigment
Pigments absorb light energy The color you see is the color that is
reflected White versus Black
Why is chlorophyll green?_____________ Would you expect green light to be an
effective color of light for P/S?
![Page 10: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Accessory Pigments Absorb colors of light that?
Example: ___________
![Page 11: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
__________ Pigments
![Page 12: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Stroma
Photosynthesisis a two stepprocess:
•The light reactions
• The dark rxns or the Calvin cycle
![Page 13: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Photosynthesis is a Two Step Process
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
The Light Reactions: Light Dependant Photochemical
___________________________
The Light Independent or Dark Reactions _______________ Dependant Use the chemical energy created in the light
reactions to convert CO2 to glucose
The Dark Reactions
The Light Reactions
![Page 14: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Light and Dark Reactions
The Light Reactions occur on the ______
The Dark Reactions take place in the ________
![Page 15: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Light Reactions are Light Dependent
Light Intensity
Rate ofP/S
Light Saturation
Low Med High
Can you think of a habitator ecosystem where P/S might be limited?
![Page 16: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Dark Reactions are Temperature Dependent
Temperature
Rate ofP/S
Low Med High Extreme
What is beginning to happen here?
Can you think of a habitat or ecosystem where P/S might be limited?
![Page 17: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ATP: The __________ Molecule
Energy from the sun is used tomake ATP
ATP is cellulargasoline.
ATP is made in the light reactions
![Page 18: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Light Reactions Photochemical: Light energy is
converted to chemical energy in the form of two high potential energy molecules.
H2O ½ O2
ATP
NADPH
![Page 19: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Light Reactions The Two High Potential Energy
Molecules Produced are: __________ __________
The Electron Source is?__________ When water gives up electrons
what waste product is produced?
![Page 20: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
______ Photosynthesis: The Normal Pathway
![Page 21: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
_______ Photosynthesis: Kranz Anatomy
![Page 22: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
__________ Anatomy
Note that thechloroplastsare in thecenter of theleaf
![Page 23: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CAM Photosynthesis: Cacti and Other Succulents
Stomata closed ___________________
Take in CO2 at ________ and convert it into a 4C acid The 4C acid is a storage form of CO2
During the day, when the stomata are closed, the 4C acid releases CO2 to the Calvin-Benson Cycle (dark reaction)
What is the advantage of having the stomata open at night and closed during the day?
![Page 24: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pancake Cactus – A ____Succulent
GreenStem
____ P/s
![Page 25: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Oxidation
Release of Energy (Burning Wood)
Loss of ?
Loss of a hydrogen
NADH2 (NADH) NAD + 2e- +
E
High P.E. Low P.E.
![Page 27: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Reduction Requires Energy
Gain of an electron
Gain of a hydrogen
NAD + 2e- + E NADH2 (NADH)
½ O2 + 2e- H2O
Low P.E. High P.E.
![Page 28: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP ADP + P + EHigh P.E. Low P.E.
Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate
ADP + P + E ATP.
![Page 29: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Eat Breathe Exhale
The Equation
Where does this take place in the cell?
![Page 30: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
I. Gycolysis
6 C – Glucose
2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid
3C – Pyruvic Acid
III. Citric Acid Cycle
6 C – Citric Acid
2 C – Acetyl-CoA
4 C – OxaloaceticAcid
2 CO2
1 ATP1 ATP
2 ATP2 ATP
3 NADH2
1 FADH2
1 CO2
2 NADH2
1 NADH2
II. Transition Reaction
One turn per pyruvic acidthus 2 turns per glucose
(2 CO2 per glucose) (2 NADH2 per glucose)
Cytoplasm Mitochondria
NADH2
1 ATP1 ATP
1 FADH2
1 ATP1 ATP
1 ATP1 ATP
IV. Electron Transport Chain Cristae of Mitochondria
2e-
½ O2 H2O
(4 CO2 per glucose)
(2 ATP per Glucose)
(2 FADH2 per glucose)
(6 NADH2 per glucose)
Aerobic – What is thefinal electron acceptor?
Anaerobic
![Page 31: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Oxygen Limited PathwayHumans: Lactic Acid Production
I. Gycolysis
6 C – Glucose
2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 2 Lactic Acid
2 ATP2 ATP 2 NADH2
4e-
2 C3H4O3 2 C3H6O3
Sore Muscles
![Page 32: Photosynthesis 6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__ Light Chlorophyll](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649e5f5503460f94b5933e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Oxygen Limited PathwayYeast: Alcoholic Fermentation
I. Gycolysis
6 C – Glucose
2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 2 (2C)Ethyl Alcohol + 2 CO2
2 ATP2 ATP 2 NADH2
4e-
2 C3H4O3