photo rendering with swarms: from figurative to abstract pherogenic imaging
DESCRIPTION
Paper presented at the IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Creativity and Affective Computing (CICAC 2013), held as a part of the IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI 2013), Singapore, 15-19 April 2013TRANSCRIPT
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Carlos M. Fernandes, Antonio M. Mora, J.J. Merelo (University of Granada) C. Cotta (University of Malaga)
A.C. Rosa (Technical University of Lisbon)
2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
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} KANTS is swarm intelligence clustering algorithm.
} Uses stigmergy – communication with and via the environment – as the basic rule.
} Data samples are the swarm. They communicate and self-organize into clusters of similar samples.
2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
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} Swarm: data samples } Habitat: grid of cells ◦ Each cell has a vector – randomly initialized - with same
cardinality as the data samples vectors.
} Three rules: ◦ R1: move towards regions with more similar vectors. ◦ R2: update cell vector ◦ R3: evaporation - in each time-step, every vector of the
grid is again “pulled” towards its initial value.
2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
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} Result: ants/data samples tend to cluster.
2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
Example: Iris data set (quantifies the morphologic variation of Iris flowers of three related species)
Three classes: red: Setos, green: Versicolor, blue: Virginica
t=0 t=50 t=100 t=150
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
Rule 2: update vectors
Rule 3: Evaporation
Rule 1: Move
Please note parameters β and δ. They define how the ants move.
Pi! j =w( j)r( j)w(k)r(k)
k"M#
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
The swarm after 1000 iterations with different values for β and δ
There is a region of the parameter space in which the system self-organizes.
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} Remember Rule #2! ◦ Ants change the values of the habitat vectors.
} Visualize the habitat grid. ◦ One variable – grey-level image ◦ Three variables – RGB or Lab. ◦ Four variables – 3-dimensional coloured image? ◦ More than four variables...
2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
data samples KANTS Grid
Translate to RGB
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
Pherographia (drawing with pheromones) is based on an algorithm with same basic principles as KANTS. The algorithm detects the edges of grayscale images.
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
Carlos M. Fernandes, The Horse and the Ants, 2008
C.M. Fernandes, Pherographia: Drawing by Ants, Leonardo 43(2), pp. 107-112, April 2010
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} Sleep data is used as input of the system. } Hjorth parameters describe sleep
Electroencephalogram (EEG) with three-variable vectors.
} Translation to RGB is trivial and direct. } In a way, the images are representations of a
person’s sleep. } Each person and each person’s night sleep
generates a different image: fingerprints of sleep.
2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
Data samples= list of RGB vectors
KANTS
Grid
Extract the data samples (three-variable RGB vectors) directly from a coloured image and then use these samples as KANTS output.
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} Winner of the Evolutionary, Design and Competition Art Competition (GECCO’12)
2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
Carlos M. Fernandes, Abstracting the Abstract #4 (after Kandinsky), 2012
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
Carlos M. Fernandes, Abstracting the Abstract #5 (after Miró), 2012
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
t=1 t=10 t=25 t=50
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
photo β=8 β=16 β=32
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2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
r = 10 r = 25 r = 50 r = 100
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} Devise other forms of representation when the cardinality of the vectors is >3
} 4-variables: maybe 3-dimensional representations.
} Many variables. How to represent them?
2013 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence
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