pgcil substations

8/12/2019 Pgcil Substations

1/19

400/220 kV SUBSTATION

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED

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2/19

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED

POWERGRID, India's Central Transmission Utility (CTU) & ational Grid

O!erator o"ns a#o$t % , ms transmission lines "it * s$#+ stations a in-

trans.ormation /a!a/ity o. %6, 012 $nder its o!eration It maintains t e transmission

system "it a aila#ility /onsistently o er 445 #y de!loyin- #est standards and !ra/ti/es,

" i/ are at !ar "it t e international $tilities Its transmission net"or tra erses t e

entire len-t and #readt o. t e /o$ntry, transmittin- !o"er o. a#o$t * #illion $nits

al$ed at Rs % #illion ann$ally

Po"er Grid is t e .irst !o"er $tility in t e /o$ntry to #e a//redited "it I7O4 8 T e /om!any is a in- in+ o$se e9!ertise in all s!e/iali:ed areas o. transmission

system in/l$din- 1 2C, ; < 1 =1DC, Gas Ins$lated 7$#stations, 7tati/ 1ar

Com!ensation, 7eries Ca!a/itors et/ POWERGRID, "it a -ross asset #ase o. a#o$t

Rs 84 #illion, !lans to /reate stron- and i#rant ational Grid #y * 8* It !lans to add

o er 6 , ms o. Transmission et"or "it an in estment o. o er Rs >8 ?illion to

e a/$ate additional 8, , 0W #y t e year * 8*

POWERGRID as ent$red into tele/om and aims to $tili:e its ast in.rastr$/t$re

to set $! a /ost e..e/ti e #road#and Tele/om net"or in t e /o$ntry T e /om!any is an

In.rastr$/t$re Pro ider + II and Internet 7er i/e Pro ider + Cate-ory 2 li/ensee .or leasin-

#and"idt Considera#le !ro-ress as already #een made to"ards settin- $! a nation "ide

#road#and tele/om net"or o. a#o$t * , ms #y t e year * < to inter/onne/t a#o$t

6 /ities

Po"er Grid aims at @Esta#lis ment and o!eration o. Re-ional and ational

Po"er Grids to .a/ilitate trans.er o. ele/tri/ !o"er "it in and a/ross t e re-ions "it

Relia#ility, 7e/$rity and E/onomy, on so$nd /ommer/ial !rin/i!les@

6%


3/19

Power Grid Are!" o# o$er!%io&

De'e(o$)e&% o# I&%er S%!%e %r!&")i""io& S*"%e)"

APlannin- & Desi-n

AConstr$/tion

AB$ality 2ss$ran/e & Ins!e/tion

AO!eration & 0aintenan/e

Grid M!&!+e)e&%

AEsta#lis ment o. modern oad Des!at/ Centers

A Real+time Grid O!erationAO!tim$m s/ ed$lin- & dis!at/

Ener-y a//o$ntin- in/l$din- settlements

Di'er"i#i,!%io&

A ?road#and Tele/om 7er i/es

A7$#+transmission

Distri#$tion

AR$ral Ele/tri.i/ation

E-.i$)e&%" U"ed I& S. "%!%io&

B." !r"

W en a n$m#er o. lines o!eratin- at t e same olta-e a e to #e dire/tly

/onne/ted ele/tri/ally, #$s+#ars are $sed as t e /ommon ele/tri/al /om!onent ?$s ?ar is

o. Co!!er or 2l$mini$m re/tan-$lar in /ross se/tion o!eratin- at /onstant 1olta-e

Cond$/tor $sed is $nda T e in/omin- & o$t-oin- lines in s$#+stalions are /onne/ted

to ?$s ?ar

6


4/19

I&".(!%or"

T e o er ead lines /ond$/tors are s$!!orted on !oles or to"ers in s$/ a "ay

t at /$rrents .rom /ond$/tors do not .lo" to eart t ro$- t ese s$!!orts, i e , lines is

!ro!erly ins$lated .rom s$!!orts #y ins$lators T e ins$lators ser e t"o !$r!oses T ey

s$!!ort t e /ond$/tors and /on.ine t e /$rrent to t e /ond$/tors 0aterial $sed .or

/onstr$/tin- t e ins$lators is !or/elain T e ins$lators $sed are o. dis/ ty!e

T*$e" o# I&".(!%or" ."ed i& S. S%!%io&"

1 S."$e&"io& %*$e

T ey /onsist o. a no o. !or/elain dis/ /onne/ted in series #y metal lin s in t e .orm o. a

strin- T e /ond$/tors are s$s!ended at #ottom end and ot er end to t e /ross +arm o. t eto"er Ea/ dis/ is desi-ned .or 88 1

21 S%r!i& %*$e

T is is $sed " ere it is ne/essary to ins$late t e lo"er !art o. t e -$y /a#le .rom

t e !ole .or t e sa.ety o. !eo!le and animals on t e -ro$nd It /onsists o. a !or/elain !ie/e

!ier/ed "it t"o oles at ri- t an-les to ea/ ot er t ro$- " i/ t"o ends o. t e -$y

"ires are loo!ed T is ee!s t e !or/elain #et"een t e t"o loo!s in /om!ression and t e

-$y "ire remains in !osition e en i. t e ins$lator #rea s d$e to any reason

Li+3%&i&+ Arre"%er

2 li- tnin- arrestor or a s$r-e di erter is a !rote/ti e de i/e " i/ /ond$/ts t e

i- olta-e s$r-es on t e !o"er system to t e -ro$nd Under normal /ondition t e

li- tnin- arrestor is o.. t e line, t at is, it /ond$/ts no /$rrent to eart On t e o//$rren/e

o. o er olta-e t e air ins$lation a/ross t e -a! #rea s do"n and an ar/ is .ormed,

!ro idin- a lo" resistan/e !at .or t e s$r-e to t e -ro$nd 2s t e -a! s!ar s o er d$e to

o er olta-e t e ar/ "o$ld #e a s ort /ir/$it on t e !o"er system and may /a$se !o"er +

.ollo" /$rrent in t e arrestor sin/e t e / ara/teristi/s o. t e arrester is o..er i-

resistan/e to i- olta-e (or /$rrent), it !re ents t e e..e/t o. a s ort /ir/$it 2.ter t e

s$r-e is o er, t e resistor o..ers i- resistan/e to ma e t e -a! non /ond$/tin-

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5/19

I"o(!%i&+ Swi%,3e"

In s$#stations, it is o.ten desired to dis/onne/t a !art o. t e system .or -eneral

maintenan/e and re!airs T is is a//om!lis ed #y an isolatin- s"it/ or isolator Isolator

s"it/ es are o!erated only " en t e lines in " i/ t ey are /onne/ted /arry no /$rrent

Tr!&"#or)er"

T e !o"er trans.ormers (a$to trans.ormer) are $sed to ste! do"n t e olta-e T e

trans.ormers in t e yard mainly a e t"o ! ysi/al di isions One on t e /oolin-

arran-ement and ot er on t e "indin- arran-ement T e s$#station as mainly t"o

trans.ormers " i/ are t ree+! ase a$totrans.ormers (ea/ o. 38< 012, /onne/ted in

star+star)

Coo(i&+ Me,3!&i")

T e /oolin- is !ro ided #y t"o means O 2 (Oil at$ral 2ir at$ral) and

O 2 (Oil at$ral 2ir or/ed) T ere are .ans rotatin- at ery i- s!eed !ro ided near

to t e .rills ($sed to in/rease t e s$r.a/e area, en/e more /oolin-) W ene er t e

tem!erat$re o. t e "indin- in/reases t e oil -ets eated $! and starts to /ir/$late in t e

!i!es !ro ided near to t e .rills T is oil is /ooled #y t e a/tion o. .ans

B.,3o( Re(!'

T e /onser ator o. t e trans.ormer is /onne/ted to t e main tan #y means o. a

!i!e T is !i!e as a meter .itted to it /alled t e ?$/ ol: relay T e .$n/tion o. t e relay is

to !ro ide !rote/tion a-ainst .a$lts s$/ as ins$lation .ail$re, /ore eatin-, .all o. oil le el

d$e to lea a-e et/ W ene er a .a$lt o//$rs in t e trans.ormer d$e to o er eatin- or s ort

/ir/$its, eat /a$ses t e de/om!osition o. trans.ormer oil, t $s -as is .ormed T e -as

#ein- litter rises in t e /onser ator and -et entra!!ed in t e $!!er !art o. t e relay

/ am#er T is -as #$##le " en !ass t ro$- t e !i!es e9erts s$..i/ient !ress$re on t e

.la! to /lose t e /onta/t o. mer/$ry s"it/ , " i/ /a$se t e tri!!in- o. t e trans.ormer

6>


6/19

0ainly t ere are t"o ty!es o. .a$lts,

(8) D$e to o er eatin- T e #$/ ol: relay a/ti ates t e alarmin- /ir/$it and

(*) D$e to s ort /ir/$it+T e #$/ ol: relay a/ti ates t e tri!!in- /ir/$it

O& Lo!d T!$ C3!&+er

In t is /ase t e ta! / an-in- /an #e done " ile t e trans.ormer is on load Ta!

/ an-in- me/ anism are !ro ided .or maintainin- t e se/ondary olta-e /onstant "it

aryin- !rimary olta-e Ta! / an-in- /a$ses / an-e in lea a-e rea/tan/e, /ore loss, I R

loss et/ T e ta! / an-in- means / an-in- t e t$rns ratio T e ta!!in-s are !ro ided on

t e =1 side so t at it /arries minim$m /$rrent

B."3i&+ C.rre&% Tr!&"#or)er

T is is !la/ed in t e !rimary "indin-, " i/ "ill re.le/t t e "indin- tem!erat$re

t $s initiatin- t e sensor to o!erate

5.))i&+ o# Tr!&"#or)er

T is is d$e to t e e9!ansion and /ontra/tion o. t e /ore T e ! enomenon is

/alled ma-netostri/tion

Bre!%3er

W en trans.ormer #e/omes "arm, t e oil and -as e9!ands T e -as at t e to! o.

t e oil e9!el o$t and air is dra"n into t e trans.ormer T is !ro/ess is /alled #reat in-

T e air enterin- is made moist$re .ree #y lettin- it to !ass t ro$- t e #reat er It /onsists

o. a small /ontainer "it sili/a -el /rystal T e material is #l$e " en dry and " itis !in

" en dam!

2t t e #ottom o. t e /ontainer some oil is !resent alon- "it al$mini$m sili/ate

in order to a#sor# d$st !arti/les

6


7/19

Co&"er'!%or

2 /ylindri/al tan di ided into t"o / am#ers One .or t e main tan and ot er .or

O TC Its .$n/tion is to ee! t e main tan /om!letely .illed "it oil

Oi( G!.+e"

Oil le el -a$-es are !ro ided "it alarm, " i/ -i e an alarm " en oil le el

dro!s #eyond a !ermissi#le le el

A Oil Tem!erat$re Indi/ators

A Windin- and Tem!erat$re indi/ators

Cir,.i% Bre!ker

2 /ir/$it #rea er is eF$i!ment " i/ /an o!en or /lose a /ir/$it $nder normal as"ell as .a$lt /onditions It is so desi-ned t at it /an #e o!erated man$ally $nder normal

/onditions and a$tomati/ally $nder .a$lt /onditions In t is % ** 1 s$#station Po"er

Grid as em!loyed 7 6 /ir/$it #rea er system

S.($3.r 5e6!#(.oride Cir,.i% Bre!ker"

In s$/ /ir/$it #rea ers, 7 6 -as is $sed as t e ar/ F$en/ in- medi$m T e 7 6 is

an ele/tro+ne-ati e -as and as a stron- tenden/y to a#sor# .ree ele/trons T e /onta/ts o.

t e #rea er are o!ened in a i- !ress$re .lo" o. 7 6 -as and an ar/ is str$/ #et"een

t em

T e /ond$/tin- .ree ele/trons in t e ar/ are ra!idly /a!t$red #y t e -as to .orm

relati ely immo#ile ne-ati e ions T is loss o. /ond$/tin- ele/trons in t e ar/ F$i/ ly

#$ilds $! eno$- ins$lation stren-t to e9tin-$is t e ar/

Ad'!&%!+e"

A1ery s ort ar/in- time

ACan interr$!t m$/ lar-er /$rrents

A oiseless o!eration d$e to its /losed -as /ir/$it

A o moist$re !ro#lem

A o ris o. .ire sin/e 7 6 -as is non+in.lamma#le

64


8/19

A o /ar#on de!osits so t at tra/ in- and ins$lation !ro#lems are

eliminated

A o" maintenan/e /ost

Di"!d'!&%!+e"

A7 6 #rea ers are /ostly d$e to i- /ost o. 7 6

A7 6 -as as to #e re/onditioned a.ter e ery o!eration o. t e #rea er, so

additional eF$i!ments are reF$ired

S$e,i#i,!%io&" o# SF7 ,ir,.i% Bre!ker

Ty!e 32T*Rated olta-e %* 1

Rated im!$lse "it stand olta-e 8 < 8%*< 1!

Rated .reF$en/y < =:

Rated normal /$rrent 38< 2

Rated s ort time /$rrent % 2

Rated s irt /ir/$it d$ration 8se/

Rated !o"er .reF$en/y "it stand olta-e < #ar

0inim$m 7 6 !ress$re .or no load o!eration % < #ar

O$er!%i&+ Ti)e"

Closin- time 8 ms

O!enin- time **ms

>


9/19

2r/in- time 8 ms

?rea time * /y/les

Dead time 3 ms

I&"%r.)e&% Tr!&"#or)er"

T e lines in s$#stations o!erate at i- olta-es and /arry /$rrent o. t o$sands o.

am!eres T e meas$rin- instr$ments and !rote/ti e de i/es are desi-ned .or lo" olta-es

(-enerally 88 1) and /$rrents (a#o$t


10/19

Ar,i&+ 5or&"

2r/in- orns are .or t e !rote/tion o. t e ins$lators in /ase o. i- olta-e, " i/

it /annot stand T ey are t"o metal rods .itted at t e to! most and #ottommost !arts o. t e

ins$lator D$rin- i- olta-e ins$lators /an't resist t is and /ra/ s may #e de elo!ed In

order to a oid t ese ar/in- orns are !ro ided T ey /ond$/t t e i- olta-e to t e

-ro$nd and !rote/t t e ins$lator

E!r%3i&+ S*"%e)"

Eart in- is to #e !ro ided in s$#stations d$e to .ollo"in- reasons

To !ro ide a means to /arry ele/tri/ /$rrent into t e eart $nder normal and

.a$lt /onditions , "it o$t e9/eedin- any o!eratin- and eF$i!ment limits or ad erselya..e/tin- /ontin$ity o. ser i/e

To ass$re t at a !erson in t e i/inity o. -ro$nded .a/ilities is not e9!osed to t e

dan-er o. ele/tri/ s o/

T e a..e/ts o. ele/tri/ /$rrent !assin- t ro$- t e ital !arts o. t e $man #ody

de!ends on d$ration, ma-nit$de and .reF$en/y T e eart in- em!loyed is 0at eart in- 2

n$m#er o. rods " en oined to-et er t ro$- /o!!er /ond$/tors /onstit$te an eart mat It

red$/es t e o erall -ro$ndin- resistan/e 7$/ a mes o. /ond$/tors laid near t e -ro$nd

s$r.a/e el! in limitin- t e !otential -radient 2ll t e eart /onne/tions o. di..erent

eF$i!ments in t e yard are /onne/ted to t e eart mat

Power Li&e C!rrier Co)).&i,!%io&

Carrier /omm$ni/ation is #asi/ally t e /omm$ni/ation #et"een s$#stations and

ead o..i/es t ro$- !o"er lines Ea/ s$#station as "a e tra! arran-ement, " i/

/onsists o. /a!a/itor, and ind$/tor /o$!lin- /ir/$it, " i/ is $sed to se!arate t e s!ee/

si-nal .rom < =: .reF$en/ies T ere are /ontrols o. t e /omm$ni/ation lines in a se!arate

area It as an am!li.ier, mod$lator, inter.a/e, et/ $sed .or am!li.yin-, mod$latin- and

ma in- intermediate /onne/tions It /annot #e made !ra/ti/al .or domesti/ distri#$tion

>*


11/19

and t is "ill ma e t e si-nal ery "ea Usin- P CC it is !ossi#le to ma e remote

/ontrolled /onne/tions so t e CT PT, C?, et/ t is "ill ma e t e o# easier

In t is ty!e o. /omm$ni/ation, t ere "ill #e no inter.eren/e .rom o$tside

0i/ro"a e /omm$ni/ation /an #e $sed to lin t e dis!at/ /enter "it t e s$#station and

also to t e ead o..i/e Usin- CC t e trans.ormer in t e s$#station /an #e /ontrolled #y t e

ead o..i/e 4< < !o"er line /arrier terminals are intended .or t e transmission o. s!eed,

telemeterin-, tele!rintin-, tele/ontrol, teleindi/ation & tele!rote/tion si-nals in t e earner

.reF$en/y ran-e #et"een < =: to < =: o er t e .ollo"in- /omm$ni/ation media

"it s$ita#le line eF$i!ment

A=i- ol$me and medi$m ol$me !o"er lines

AO!en "ire lines e9!osed to !o"er lines

0odel 4< < P CC !ro ides sin-le or t"in / annel oi/e -rade / annel .or t e

transmission o. s!ee/ or a$dio tones o er i- ol$me transmission lines T e

transmitted a$dio tones /an #e $sed .or telemeterin- s$!er isory /ontrol, !rote/ti e

relayin-, data or ot er !$r!oses, " en $sed .or data only, ea/ / annel /an /arry $!to

ty!i/ally *%< + #ased tele-ra! / annel or a small n$m#er o. / annels at i- #ased rates

eat$res o. P CC areH !ro-rammin-, e..i/ien/y, .le9i#ility, oi/e -rade /onne/tions and

o$t!$t !o"er

Pri&,i$(e

2 si-nals are /on erted into I si-nals $sin- I /arriers o. < 8* 0=: -enerated

in t e system $sin- a /rystal os/illator T e reF$ired I si-nals are .iltered o$t $sin- IO

!ole /rystal .ilter and .ed to a .inal mi9er sta-e T e /arrier reF$ired .or .inal mi9in- is

deri ed .rom a 1CO T e se/tion "or s on P !rin/i!le & /an #e !ro-rammed to

os/illate so as to -i e = o$t!$t in t e ran-e < to < =: in ste!s o. < =:

>3


12/19

Re,ei'er "%!%io&

2 1CO -enerates t e reF$ired demod$lation /arrier $sin- P !rin/i!le / annel

#and"idt $sed is % =: & t e o!eratin- mode is am!lit$de mod$lated

Co&%ro( P!&e(

Control !anel mostly /onsists o. meters and !rote/ti e relays T e meters in/l$de

ammeter, oltmeter, "attmeter, ener-y meter et/ T e relays in/l$de .$se .ail$re relay,

a$to re/lose relay, / e/ syn/ roni:in- relay, a$9iliary relay and trans.ormer relays li e

O TC o$t o. ste!, "indin- tem!erat$re alarm, oil tem!erat$re alarm T e tri! indi/ators

in/l$ded are C? 7 6 -as density lo", C? 2ir !ress$re lo", 1T .$se .ail alarm, C? !ole

dis/ tri!, /arrier si-nal re/ei ed, #a/ $! !rote/tion, a$to re/lose lo/ o$t, /ontrol DC

s$!!ly .ails, distan/e !rote/tion ino!erati e, /arrier o$t o. ser i/e, distan/e !rote/tion tri!et/

Fi+ Se&"i&+ !&d Me%eri&+ re(!* i&"%r.)e&%"

T e o!erations /an #e !er.ormed .rom t e /ontrol room "it o$t -oin- into t e

s"it/ yard #y no"in- t e !resent stat$s o. isolators, /ir/$it #rea ers et/ In /ase o. any

.a$lt an alarm "ill #e so$nded and tri!!in- /an #e done

Pro%e,%i'e S,3e)e

Prote/ti e s/ eme em!loys ele/tro ma-neti/, stati/ and mi/ro!ro/essor #ased

ty!e relays

>%


13/19

Re(!*"

2 !rote/ti e s/ eme in/l$des /ir/$it #rea ers and !rote/ti e relays to isolate t e

.a$lty se/tions o. t e system .rom t e ealt y se/tions 2 /ir/$it #rea er /an dis/onne/t

t e .a$lty element o. t e system " en it is /alled $!on to do so #y t e !rote/ti e relay

T e .$n/tion o. t e !rote/ti e relay is to dete/t and lo/ate t e .a$lt and iss$e a /ommand

to t e /ir/$it #rea er to dis/onne/t t e .a$lty element Prote/ti e relays /an #e /lassi.ied

into t e .ollo"in- /ate-ories de!endin- on t e d$ty t ey are reF$ired to !er.orm

T*$e" o# Re(!*"

O'er C.rre&% Re(!* H + T e relay a/ti ates " en t e /$rrent e9/eeds t e !ermissi#le limit

It "ill #e /onne/ted to t e /ir/$it #rea er so in /ase o. any .a$lt d$e to o er /$rrant t erelay a/ts and a/ti ates t e /ir/$it to t e #rea er en/e tri!!in- t e #rea er DC s$!!ly is

al"ays -i en to t e relay, as it s o$ld tri! e en i. t ere is an interr$!tion in t e !o"er

s$!!ly

E!r%3 F!.(% Re(!* H +

It "ill #e a/ti ated " en t ere is any .a$lt in t e eart in- o. t e eF$i!ment It is also

/onne/ted to /ir/$it #rea er to el! tri!!in- t e /ir/$it

Di"%!&,e Pro%e,%io& Re(!* H +

It is a s!e/ial ty!e o. relay $sed to no" at " i/ !la/e t e line as .ailed T e lines are

di ided into :ones T e relay "ill indi/ate t e ro$- distan/e #et"een t e station and t e

!oint at " i/ t e #rea in- as o//$rred T e /onne/tion to t e main relay is made

t ro$- an a$9iliary relay T is relay is ery el!.$l in remote areas

Di##ere&%i!( Re(!* H +

T e relay is a/ti ated d$e to di..eren/e in /$rrent .lo"in- t ro$- t e relay In

/ase o. eF$i!ments li e CT t e relay is /onne/ted in #et"een t e eF$i!ments In normal

/onditions t e /$rrent t ro$- t e relay is t e same as t e eF$i!ment /$rrent #$t " en any

>


14/19

.a$lt o//$rs in t e line en/losed t en t ere is a rise in /$rrent t ro$- t e relay at t e .a$lt

side a#o e t at " i/ is on t e ot er side T is a/ti ates t e relay and tri!!in- o//$rs

Mer,.r* Swi%,3

Tem!erat$re rise "ill also a/ti ate a relay T is /an #e done #y means o. a

mer/$ry s"it/ T e mer/$ry s"it/ is /onne/ted "it t e meter e!t in t e /ooler /ontrol

/$#i/le to meas$re t e tem!erat$re T e #asi/ str$/t$re o. t e s"it/ is t at it /ontains

mer/$ry in a small #o9 "it /onne/tions .rom t e relay, initially t ere is no /onta/t

#et"een mer/$ry and t e terminals, #$t as t e tem!erat$re in/reases t e !ointer o. t e

meter tilts alon- "it mer/$ry s"it/

2t a /ertain tem!erat$re liF$id mer/$ry "ill ma e /onta/t "it t e terminals andt e relay "ill a/ti ate and -i e an alarm 7imilar to t is anot er mer/$ry s"it/ is

!ro ided " i/ "ill a/ti ate at a i- er olta-e and /a$se tri!!in-

O%3er Re(!*" w3i,3 !re ei&+ ."ed i& %3i" ". "%!%io& !re

1 For 220 9V (i&e M!i&

Relay !anel /onsists o. #rea er .ail$re !rote/tion relay, a$to re/l$se !rote/tion relay, DC

s$!er ision relay, olta-e sele/tor relay, $ relay, distan/e !rote/tion relay, i- s!eed

tri! relay, sin-le ! ase tri! relay, /onta/t m$lti!lier relay

21 For2209VICT (

Relay !anel /onsists o. C? tri! /ir/$it +8 s$!er ision relay, C? tri! /ir/$it+* s$!er ision

relay, DC s$!er ision relay, o er .l$9 relay, #rea er .ail$re !rote/tion relay, #rea er

tro$#le relay, o er /$rrent and eart .a$lt relay

:1 For 220 9V B." !r $!&e(

T e relay !anel /onsists o. CT s"it/ in- relay, di..erential !rote/tion relay

>6


15/19

B!%%er* !&d B!%%er* C3!r+er

T e station d/ so$r/e is .a/ilitated t ro$- #attery o. % 2 /a!a/ity

T ere are 88 #atteries o. *1 ea/ /onne/ted in series to .orm t e ** 1 #attery

set T is is $sed as t e d/ s$!!ly .or t e relays

2not er #attery set o. < 1 is $sed .or t e "or in- o. P CC (!o"er line /arrier

/omm$ni/ation) T e #attery /an #e / ar-ed in t"o modes+ #oost / ar-er and .loat

/ ar-er

Fire Fi+3%i&+ A(!r) !&d De%e,%io& S*"%e)"

% ** 1 T ir$ anant a!$ram 7 7 o. Po"er Grid Cor!oration o. India

imited is !ro ided "it a /on entional .ire alarm and dete/tion system /onsistin- smo e

dete/tors O!ti/al dete/tors =eat dete/tors 0an$al Call !oints et/ .or an early .ire"arnin- T ese /om!onents "ill dete/t .ire /ondition in its in/i!ient sta-e at any !art o.

!rote/ted #$ildin- area normally t ese /om!onents "ill remain idle and its !er.e/t

"or in- /an #e ass$red only t ro$- ro$tine test and re-$lar test Wor in- !rin/i!le o.

7mo e and o!ti/al dete/tors are smo e .lame 0an$al /all !oints and =ooters et/ are ot er

/om!onents o. t e system

It is ad ised to st$dy t e details /ontain in t is man$al /are.$lly and /arryo$t t e

test indi/ated and maintains a lo- #oo 7imilarly any a#normal .$n/tionin- o. t e system

is noti/edJ t e same also m$st #e re/orded and re/ti.ied immediately Person in / ar-e o.

.ire alarm and dete/tion system m$st arran-e re-$lar mo/ drill e9er/ise to ed$/ate t e

o//$!ants as to o" t ey s o$ld !ro/eed to sa.ety eF$i!ment to a oid any !ani/ and

/on.$sion 7$/ mo/ drill el!s -reatly in /ase o. in/ase o. real in/idents e ent ta in-

!la/e "it in !rote/ted area

O$er!%io& O# T3e S*"%e)

T e .ire alarm system s all /onsist t e .ollo"in-

A loni:ation ty!e smo e dete/tors

AO!ti/al ty!e smo e dete/tors

A=eat dete/tors

>>


16/19

A0an$al Call Points

ARes!onse indi/ator

A=ooter

A ire alarm /ontrol !anel

In /ase o. .ire alarm is t e .irst /l$e In smolderin- .ire, t ey are .or a lon- time

t e only /l$e ire t ere.ore starts in t e small "ay and t erea.ter de elo!s ra!idly sta-e

"ise T ere.ore it is $tmost im!ortant to dete/t t e .ire in its in/i!ient sta-e, t ere #y it /an

#e #ro$- t $nder /ontrol #e.ore #$rstin- into .lames and /a$sin- .ire dama-e T e /riti/al

.a/tor o. e..e/ti e .ire !rote/tion is t ere.ore early "arnin- o. ire 2larm and Dete/tion

7ystem

or dete/tin- smo e !rod$/ed in t e in/i!ient sta-es o. .ire, modern te/ nolo-y

as de elo!ed 2 dete/tor "or in- on t e Radio 2/ti e Prin/i!le T is dete/tor dete/tssmo e .lame and eat /onne/ted to a s$ita#le /ontrol !anel, initiates an 2$dio 1is$al

2larm on t e Control Panel to indi/ate o//$rren/e o. .ire and its lo/ation and early alarm

to e9e/$te t e area T e installation /onsists o. an early "arnin- ire 2larm 7ystem $sin-

ioni:ation ty!e 7mo e Dete/tors

O!ti/al ty!e 7mo e Dete/tors /onne/ted to a /entrally lo/ated !anel 2dditional

/om!onents li e =eat Dete/tors, 0an$ally O!erated P$ll ?o9 7tation, =ooters, Res!onses

indi/ators et/ are also !ro ided T e system s all demonstrate its e..e/ti eness at t e time

o. error .ire and it is im!ortant t at o!erator t oro$- ly $nderstands its .$n/tions and

!er.orm t e !eriodi/ ins!e/tion to maintain t e system in trim /ondition

5i+3 Ve(o,i%* W!%er S$r!* S*"%e)

T e Trans.ormer is !rote/ted #y a$tomati/ i- elo/ity "ater s!ray system Tt

/onsists o. del$-e al es, isolation al es, inlet strainers, no::le net"or , F$art:oid #$l#

dete/tor net"or and !i!in- net"or s$!!orts all aro$nd t e trans.ormer T e =i-

1elo/ity Water (=1W) s!ray system /onsists o. t"o net"or s o. !i!in- + one net"or .or

B$art:oid ?$l# Dete/tor (B?D) and t e ot er .or Water 7!ray o: i/ T e dete/tor

net"or is / ar-ed "it !ress$ri:ed air s$!!ly .rom $!stream side o. del$-e al e

t ro$- a restri/tion al e T e ot er net"or in- a in- "ater s!ray no::le is /onne/ted

to t e do"n stream side o. t e del$-e al e T e net"or /arries "ater s!ray no::les

>


17/19

strate-i/ally lo/ated aro$nd t e trans.ormer .or reF$ired "ater distri#$tion o er t e entire

s$r.a/e o. t e trans.ormer and /onne/ted !i!in-

T e B?D o!erate at >4 de- C T e dete/ted net"or is e!t !ress$ri:ed "it t e

system line !ress$re and t e net"or is / ar-ed "it air T e dete/tor !ress$re olds t e

seat o. del$-e al e in /losed !osition In /ase o. .ire " en any dete/tor is a/t$ated, t e

!ress$re in t e air line dro!s T is red$/tion in !ress$re "ill drain t e !ress$re in /ontrol

/ am#ers o. t e del$-e al e T e system line !ress$re a/tin- on t e /la!!er o. t e del$-e

al e $!stream i- .or/es seat to o!en and allo" .lo" o. "ater to t e no::le net"or

Del$-e al e /an also #e a/t$ated #y means o. !$s #$tton station T is .a/ility allo"s

remote o!eration o. del$-e al e "it solenoid al e 2 man$al !$ll #o9 is !ro ided

ad a/ent to t e del$-e al e to .a/ilitate o!eration o. del$-e al e man$ally in /ase o.

emer-en/yTo / an-e dete/tion net"or "it !ress$ri:ed air t"o (*) nos o. air /om!ressors

are !ro ided in t e .ire "ater !$m! o$se to .eed !ress$ri:ed air to dete/tion net"or o.

del$-e al e

O$er!%io& O# S*"%e)

T e =1W system is .$lly a$tomati/ in o!eration In /ase .ire o//$rs in one o. t e

trans.ormers !rote/ted, t e tem!erat$re may rise in s$rro$ndin- areas, " en t e

tem!erat$re rea/ es at a !re+determined al$e (> de- C) at t e F$art:oid #$l# dete/tor,

t e #$l# "ill r$!t$re T is releases t e !ress$re .orm t e dete/tion line T e loss o.

!ress$re in dete/tion line /a$ses !ress$re dro! in /ontrol / am#er o. del$-e al e T is

/a$ses t e seat inside del$-e al e " i/ is e ent$ally s!read o er t e s$r.a/e o. t e

trans.ormer t ro$- t e s!ray no::le so as to !rote/t t e trans.ormer /om!letely

T e startin- o. t e =1W s!ray !$m!s is also a$tomati/ It is a/t$ated #y a

!ress$re s"it/ " i/ mo$nted on t e dis/ ar-e eader o. t e !$m!s in !$m! o$se

W en !ress$re in dis/ ar-e eader .or/e to a !re+set al$e (< < - /m *) d$e to o!enin- o.

del$-e al e 0ain motor dri en =1W s!ray ydrant !$m! "ill /ome into o!eration

a$tomati/ally =o"e er, t e !$m! as to sto! man$ally .or /om!letion o. .ire .i- tin-

o!eration

>4


18/19

M!&.!( O$er!%io& O# T3e S*"%e)

T o$- t e =1W s!ray system is a$tomati/ in o!eration, in /ase o. emer-en/y

t e system /an #e o!erated man$ally #y t e .ollo"in- means+

T e -lass o. '@0an$al P$ll ?o9@ may #e #ro en and t e F$i/ o!enin- al es s all #e

t$rned #y 4 de-

T is "ill drain t e !ress$re in /ontrol / am#er o. t e del$-e al e T $s del$-e al e

o!ened man$ally #y means o. man$al !$ll ?o9

AT e !$s #$tton o. lo/al /ontrol !anel lo/ated near t e del$-e al e may #e o!erated

T is "ill o!ened t e solenoid al e !ro ided on t e dete/tion !i!in- T e del$-e al e

o!ened d$e to im#alan/e o. !ress$re

POWER GRID; TRIVANDRUM1

A=1DC lin /onne/tin- #et"een T al/ er + olar(In ertin- 7tation)

ATo dra" t e erala s are .rom ey eli a do$#le /ir/$it transmission line /onne/tin-

#et"een 0ad$rai and T ir$ anant a!$ram " i/ as a len-t o. *86 m

A% In/omin- s$!!ly do$#le /ir/$it transmission line /omes to T ir$ anant a!$ram

s$#station " i/ is ste!!ed do"n to ** 1 ia t"o trans.ormers o. 38< 012 ea/ ,

" i/ is t en .ed to Pot en/ode s$#+station #y .o$r o$t-oin- .eeders On /omin- to t e

s$#+station it -oes t ro$- ario$s !rote/tion eF$i!ments in t e yard " i/ is o!erated

remotely

A0ad$rai .eeders (0DU 8 & 0DU *) a e se!arate /ontrol and !rote/tion !anel, " ere

ario$s load .lo" /onditions are maintained

AT e s"it/ yard is o. I ty!e and a e 'one and al. #rea er system In one and al.

#rea er system t ree #rea ers are $sed to /ontrol t"o .eeders W en t ere is a need o.


19/19

maintenan/e "or , "e /an isolate t e !art to #e re!aired maintainin- t e s$!!ly

"it o$t any .ail$re

A or ** 1 and a#o e (E9tra =i- 1olta-e) !$r!ose, a$totrans.ormers are em!loyed,

" i/ sa es /o!!er

AInstr$ment li e CT (ratin- * 8 2) a e .i e /ores o. " i/ t ree are $sed .or

!rote/tion and t"o .or meas$rin- !$r!ose

A or trans.errin- !o"er to 7E?, !ro!er mat/ in- o. .reF$en/y is done #y

syn/ roni:ation #y #ri- t lam! met od

A** 1 line em!loys a trans.er #$s, #ein- $sed " en t ere is a need o. maintenan/e

"it o$t dist$r#in- t e s$!!ly

Co&,(."io&

T e Po"er Grid !ro ides assistan/e to !o"er se/tor in im!ro in- e..i/ien/y and

relia#ility in all s! eres o. a/ti ity It meets t e more demand .rom e9istin- reso$r/es

t ro$- en an/ed e9/ an-e o. !o"er amon- re-ions It !rono$n/es de/lared and

trans!arent en ironmental and so/ial !oli/iesJ "or s and !ro/$rement !oli/y, " i/

ena#les Po"er Grid to #e t e @Tas 0aster@ in, !o"er se/tor

Po"er Grid as ent$red into tele/om and aims to $tili:e its ast in.rastr$/t$re to

set $! a /ost e..e/ti e #road#and Tele/om net"or in t e /o$ntry It is /onstantly

$!-radin- its te/ nolo-y to meet t e -ro"in- needs o. !o"er se/tor and no do$#t it "ill

#e/ome a national leader in international re!$te in total en-ineerin- /ons$ltan/y .or !o"er

se/tor in t e /omin- years

8

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