peter egelhof for the exl-collaboration workshop on silicon detectors for the cbm experiment gsi...

Peter Egelhof

for the EXL-Collaboration

Workshop on Silicon Detectors for the CBM ExperimentGSI Darmstadt

April 18-20, 2007

FAIRSilicon Detectors for the NuSTAR-Project EXL

I. Motivation and Research Objectives of EXL*

II. The EXL Detector Setup – Concept and Design Goals

III. Status and Perspectives of R&D

_______

* EXL: EXotic Nuclei Studied in Light-Ion Induced Reactions at the NESR Storage Ring

Silicon Detectors for the NuSTAR-Project EXL FAIR

I. Motivation and Research Objectives of EXL

future perspectives at FAIR:

explore new regions of the chart of nuclides and new phenomena use new and powerful methods:

classical method of nuclear spectroscopy:

light ion induced direct reactions: (p,p), (p,p'), (d,p), ... to investigate exotic nuclei: inverse kinematics

proton-detector

beam of exoticnuclei AX

1H (AX, 1H) AX

1H - target

past and present experiments:

light neutron-rich nuclei: skin, halo structures only at external targets new technologies: active targets LH2 target

EXL: direct reactions at internal NESR target high luminosity even for very low momentum transfer measurements

known exotic nucleiunknown exotic nucleipathways of stellar nucleosynthesis

regions of interest:

towards the driplines for medium heavy and heavy nuclei

Perspectives at the GSI Future Facility FAIR

physics interest:

matter distributions (halo, skin…)

single-particle structure evolution (new magic numbers,new shell gaps, spetroscopic factors)

NN correlations, pairing and clusterization phenomena

new collective modes (different deformations for p and n,giant resonance strength)

parameters of the nuclear equation of state

in-medium interactions in asymetric and low-density matter

astrophysical r and rp processes, understanding of supernovae

Light-Ion Induced Direct Reactions

elastic scattering (p,p), (,), … nuclear matter distribution (r), skins, halo structures

inelastic scattering (p,p’), (,’), … deformation parameters, B(E2) values, transition densities, giant resonances

charge exchange reactions (p,n), (3He,t), (d, 2He), … Gamow-Teller strength

transfer reactions (p,d), (p,t), (p, 3He), (d,p), … single particle structure, spectroscopic factors spectroscopy beyond the driplines neutron pair correlations neutron (proton) capture cross sections

knock-out reactions (p,2p), (p,pn), (p,p 4He)… ground state configurations, nucleon momentum distributions, cluster correlations

Primary Beams

• 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+

• Factor 100-1000 over present in intensity• 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons• 1010/s 238U73+ up to 35 GeV/u • up to 90 GeV protons

Secondary Beams

•Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in intensity over present •Antiprotons 3 - 30 GeV

•Cooled beams•Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets

Key Technical Features

Storage and Cooler Rings

•Radioactive beams•e – A collider

•1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons

UNILACSIS

FRS

ESR

SIS 100/300

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

RESR

FAIR: Facility Characteristics

The NUSTAR-Project at FAIRNUclear STructure, Astrophysics and Reactions

SIS

Main-SeparatorPre-Separator

Low-Energy Cave

CR complex

NESR

Energy Buncher

High-EnergyCave

Super-FRS eA-Collider

gas target

Production Target

Beams p - U1500 MeV/u10 ions /s12

Superconducting FRagment Separator High-Energy Reaction Setup Multi-Storage Rings (CR, NESR, eA) Energy-Bunched Stopped Beams

Key characteristics : - all elements, H to U - intensity > 1012 ions/sec. - high and low energies - pulsed and CW beams

Super-FRS20 Tm

from

SIS

100 Ddddddddd

Ddddddddddddfrom SIS 18

Nuclear Reactions with Radioactive Beams at FAIR

EXL: EXotic Nuclei Studied in Light-Ion Induced Reactions at the NESR Storage Ring Ring Branch

R3B: Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams High Energy Branch

The R3B experiment: a universal setup for kinematical complete measurements

The setup

R3B: Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams

EXL: EXotic Nuclei Studied in Light-Ion Induced Reactions at the NESR Storage Ring

Electroncooler

eA-Collider

RIB‘s from the Super-FRS

for almost all cases:

region of low momentum transfer contains most important information

elastic scattering (p,p), (,), … nuclear matter distribution (r), skins, halo structures

inelastic scattering (p,p’), (,’), … deformation parameters, B(E2) values, transition densities, giant resonances

transfer reactions (p,d), (p,t), (p, 3He), (d,p), … single particle structure, spectroscopic factors, spectroscopy beyond the driplines, neutron pair correlations, neutron (proton) capture cross sections

charge exchange reactions (p,n), (3He,t), (d, 2He), … Gamow-Teller strength

knock-out reactions (p,2p), (p,pn), (p,p 4He)… ground state configurations, nucleon momentum distributions

Light-Ion Induced Direct Reactions

Investigation of Nuclear Matter Distributions along Isotopic Chains:

halo, skin structure

probe in-medium interactions at extreme isospin (almost pure neutron

matter)

in combination with electron scattering ( ELISe project @ FAIR ):

separate neutron/proton content of nuclear matter (deduce neutron skins )

method: elastic proton scattering at low q: high sensitivity to nuclear periphery

Experiments to be Performed at Very Low Momentum Transfer –Some Selected Examples

Investigation of Giant Monopole Resonance in Doubly Magic Nuclei:

gives access to nuclear compressibility key parameters of the EOS

new collective modes (breathing mode of neutron skin)

method: inelastic scattering at low q

Investigation of Gamow-Teller Transitions:

weak interaction rates for N = Z waiting point nuclei in the rp-process

electron capture rates in the presupernova evolution (core collaps)

method: (3He,t), (d,2He) charge exchange reactions at low q

Kinematical Conditions for Light-Ion Induced Direct Reactions in Inverse Kinematics

• required beam energies: E 200 … 740 MeV/u (except for transfer reactions)

• required targets: 1,2H, 3,4He

• most important information in region of low momentum transfer low recoil energies of recoil particles need thin targets for sufficient angular and energy resolution

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

0.1

1

10

100

CM

= 50 CM

= 50

CM

= 200

CM

= 100

CM

= 50

Ere

coil (

Me

V)

lab

(deg)

132Sn(p, p) E=740 MeV/u, E* = 0 MeV

18C(, ) E=400 MeV/u, E* = 0 MeV

18C(p, p') E=400 MeV/u, E* = 25 MeV

196Pb(, ') E=400 MeV/u, E* = 15 MeV

196Pb(3He, t) E=400 MeV/u, E* = 0 MeV

12Be(3He, t) E=400 MeV/u, E* = 0 MeV

22C(p, d) E=15 MeV/u, E* = 0 MeV

132Sn(d, p) E=15 MeV/u, E* = 0 MeV

CM

= 10

Points are: CM

= 1, 5, 10 and 200

(,‘)

(3He, t)

(p,p)

EXL

Advantage of Storage Rings for Direct Reactions in Inverse Kinematics

high resolution due to: beam cooling, thin target (1014/cm2)

gain of luminosity due to: continuous beam accumulation and recirculation

low background due to: pure, windowless 1,2H2, 3,4He, etc. targets

separation of isomeric states

External Target Versus Internal Target

EXL

+ R3B

Giant Resonances

Elastic scatt.

LH2CH2

Max

. ex

tern

al t

arge

t th

ickn

ess

Spin-isospin excitation

Quasifree

EXL only

( for 1.5 mrad resolution )

132Sn..

104Sn..

134Sn..

EXL LuminosityR3B

(106 pps)

Ep, MeV1 10 1001E-4

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1E22

1E23

1E24

1E25

1E26

1E27

1E28

CH2 target

liH2 target

, m

g/cm

2

Experiments with Stored Exotic Nuclei

RIB (740 MeV/nucleon)

RESRDeceleration (1T/s) to 100 - 400 MeV/nucleon

Collector RingBunch rotation

Fast stochastic cooling

NESRElectron cooling

Continuous accumulationInternal gas jet targets

II. The EXL Detector Setup - Concept and Design Goals

Detection systems for: Target recoils and gammas (p,,n,…) Forward ejectiles (p,n,) Beam-like heavy ions

Design goals Universality: applicable to a wide class of reactions

High energy and angular resolution Fully exclusive kinematical measurements High luminosity (> 1028 cm-2 s-1) Large solid angle acceptance UHV compatibility (in part)

The EXL Recoil and Gamma Array


Si DSSD E, x, y300 µm thick, spatial resolution better than 500 µm in x and y, ∆E = 30 keV (FWHM)

Thin Si DSSD tracking<100 µm thick, spatial resolution better than 100 µm in x and y, ∆E = 30 keV (FWHM)

Si(Li) E9 mm thick, large area 100 x 100 mm2, ∆E = 50 keV (FWHM)

CsI crystals E, High efficiency, high resolution, 20 cm thick


Si DSSD E, x, y300 µm thick, spatial resolution better than 500 µm in x and y, ∆E = 30 keV (FWHM)

Thin Si DSSD tracking<100 µm thick, spatial resolution better than 100 µm in x and y, ∆E = 30 keV (FWHM)

Si(Li) E9 mm thick, large area 100 x 100 mm2, ∆E = 50 keV (FWHM)

CsI crystals E, High efficiency, high resolution, 20 cm thick

elastic and inelastic scatteringcharge exchange reactionsquasifree scatteringtransfer reactions

detection of recoil protons:

for small momentum transfer:

Si strip detectors (90 x 90 mm², d = 300 µm) E,x,ySi (Li) detectors (90 x 90 mm², d = 9 mm) E

for high momentum transfer:

Si strip detectors (90 x 90 mm², d = 100 µm) Tracking

scintillators (d = 20 cm) E angular resolution: limited by: a) dimension of gas jet (1-5 mm) b) multiple scattering in tracking detectors

detection of beam-like particles:

discrimination of background channels kinematical complete reconstruction

Detector Concept

Specifications of the Silicon Detectors for EXL

Angular region

Θlab

[deg]

Detector type

Active area[mm²]

Thickness[mm]

Distancefrom target

[cm]

Pitch [mm]

Number of

detectors

Number of

channels

A 89 - 80 DSSDSi(Li)

87 x 8787 x 87

0.39

5960

0.1-

2020

34800180

B 80 - 75 DSSDSi(Li)Si(Li)Si(Li)

50 x 8750 x 8750 x 8750 x 87

0.3999

50525456

0.1---

20202020

27400180180180

C 75 - 45 DSSDDSSD

87 x 87 87 x 87

0.10.3

5060

0.10.1

6060

10440034800

D 45 - 10 DSSDDSSDSi(Li)

87 x 8787 x 8787 x 87

0.10.39

495960

0.10.1

608080

104400139200

720

E 170 - 120

DSSDSi(Li)

50 x 5050 x 50

0.35

2526

0.5-

6060

6000240

E’ 120 - 91

DSSDSi(Li)

87 x 8787 x 87

0.35

5960

0.1-

6060

104400540

TotalDSSDSi(Li)

420280

5554002220

Specifications of the Silicon Detectors for EXL

low threshold ≤ 40 keV ( constraints on thickness of entrance window )

high resolution ≤ 20 keV

large dynamic range

readout of energy, time, PSA???

moderate countrates

UHV (HV) compatibility

ASIC

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ADC

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Intelligence

XPort

Ethernet (slow control)

Detectors-560000 channelsDSSD and SiLi

ASIC cards- approx17500 ASICs on 1750 cards(32 channels/ASIC)

ADC cards- 1750ADCs on 219 cards(320 channels/ADC)

EXL Electronics (Jan 2005)

UHV

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

• Large number of channels

• Large dynamic range, low threshold

• UHV – Low power dissipation, baking

• Space constraints

EXL Electronics

Synergy with NUSTAR.

Design Study of the Gamma-Calorimeter

rear view (isometric)

front view (isometric) crossection of basic

concept

top view of 3D model

The EXL Forward Ejectile Detector

Kinematically complete measurements: • detection of forward light particles emitted from the projectile (momenta measured)• excitation energy of projectile residue, momentum (angular) correlations

• High-resolution TOF and position measurements• Full solid angle (forward focus)• Calorimeter: scintillator + iron converter (similar to LAND)

(Phase I)

(Phase II)

The EXL In-Ring Heavy-Ion Spectrometer

Ion-optical mode for NESR as fragment spectrometer 3 heavy-ion detector stations:• in front of first dipole magnet for 'reaction tagging‘ (main mode)• inserted into dipole section for 'tracking' of fragments• inserted into quadrupole section for 'imaging' properties of magnetic Spectrometer (limited acceptance)

III. Status and Future Perpectives of R&D

Feasibility Demonstration at the Present ESR Facility

experimental conditions: - 136Xe beam, E = 350 MeV/u- 109 circulating ions in ring L 6 1027 cm-2 sec-1

experimental setup:

H2 gas jet target: 6 x 1012 cm-2

Si strip recoil detector in UHV

detector for slow neutrons

detectors forfast neutrons and protons

forward heavy-ion detector

3 different luminosity monitors

Selected Results

absolute luminosity measured with Si Strip Recoil Detector

deduced luminosity L = (62) 1027 cm-2 sec-1

size of gas jet target:

7.0 0.2 mm

performance of luminosity monitors: Si strip detector: elastic scatteringMWPC: atomic charge exchangePhotomultiplier: light

Selected Results

absolute differential 136Xe(p,p) cross section,energy threshold 500 keV cm 0.2°

time correlation between neutrons and heavy ions (reaction channel: one-neutron removal from 136Xe)

data are consistent with nuclear matter radius: Rm = 4.89 (10) fm

(expected from data on the charge radius)

Selected Results

identified reaction channels :

136Xe(p, pn)135Xe

136Xe(p, 2pxn)132,133I

energy response of the Pin diodeidentification of reaction channels:

I Xe

Concept for the New Detector Chamber at the ESR

Ion beam

Internal Target

Region Lab *)

Flange

axisCovered range

Flange

size

in mm

A 90° – 80° 83° 95° - 73° Ø250

B 80° – 75° 83° 95° - 73° Ø250

C 75° – 45° 60° 71° - 52° Ø 250

D 45° – 10° 0° 28° - 18° 200x250

E' 120° –91° 109° 98° - 118° Ø250

L 180° 136,5° – 43,5° **) 200x250 Detector Chamber Part (DC)

Interaction Chamber Part (IC)

*) according to the angular regions A – E' defined in the Technical Proposal

Reg

ion

A

Region D

Region C

Reg

ion

B

Region E'

Flange D

Flange E'Flange AB

Flange C

Flange L

Concept for the New Detector Chamber at the ESR

InteractionChamber Part

View against beam direction Side view

Flanges for observation, mounting detectors close to 0° and aperturesupstream and downstream to the internal Target

Active vacuum aperture devices for differential pumping

UHV-Measurement

Full Setup of the combined IC and DC

DetectorChamber Part

Side view

UHV-Measurement

PMTs for targetmonitoring

Status of R&D for EXL

EXL Working Groups and Responsibilties

Coordinators, other participating institutes


basic key experiments defined

basic software for event generators and simulations established

detailed simulations on many specific questions performed

Key-experiments / simulations:G. Colo ( Milano), O. Kiselev ( Mainz ) et al.

crossection predictions for key reactions to be performed

simulation for the full setup (including mechanicsand infrastructure) to be performed


new vacuum concept for the recoil detector chamber ( H. Reich et al.) differential pumping

Internal target / vacuum:

vacuum conditions:

EXL-Target chamber, p~1*10E-7mbar

ESR / NESR UHV-System: P<10E-11mbarbakeout to 300°C

conductance limiting devices (appertures, tubes)radius=5mm, lenght~40mm, conductance ~ 2l/s

differential pumping stage S(eff)~1000l/sp<1E-9mbar (no bakeout)

metal valvebakeout to 300°C

inner part: 10-7 mb no or weak baking of detector system required (to be proved)

much easier to handle, less R&D required, lower costs


Target recoil detector:

prototype DSSD detectors ( V. Eremin et al., PTI St. Petersburg )

various test structures for R&D:

a) 21 x 21 mm², strip pitch 300 m on both sidesb) 27 x 27 mm², strip pitch 100 m on both sidesc) 27 x 27 mm², strip pitch 100 m, and 2.5 mm on the other sided) 21 x 21 mm², strip pitch 300 m, and 1.25 mm on the other sidee) many smaller-size test structures

DSSSD, 300mkm, 16x16P+ implant ins.

DSSD, 300mkm, 16x16Field plate ins.

N+ strips, 1x5mm, 16 pcsP+ implant ins.

N+ strips, 1x5mm, 16 pcsField plate ins.

p+ pixels, co-planar, 1mm pitch16x8 array

p+ strips, 1x5mm, 16 pcs

p+ INTAS pad., 300mkm, 2 pcs.



p+ INTAS pad, 150mkm, 3 pcs.





prototype Si(Li) detectors (T. Krings, D. Protic, Jülich)

first test under run conditions test experiment at GANIL


prototype CSI detectors for gamma-calorimeter various CSI (TI) crystals from different producers tested at USC and IPNO (D. Cortina-Gil, J.-A. Scarpaci et al.)


samples from IMP Lanzhou ( W. Zhan et al.)have performed as good as crystals from St. Gobain

potential to produce large amount of large volume high quality crystals

40 x 40 x 300 mm3 CSI crystalsproduced by IMP Lanzhou

setup of a first demonstrator is underway(B. Jakobsson et al., Lund)


next step: production of a demonstratorfor the EXL target recoil detector

O. Kiselev ( Mainz), R. Lemmon ( UK ) et al.


First DSSD – 3 x 3 cm2, 64 x 64 strips, pitch 300 µmSecond DSSD – 3 x 3 cm2, 64 x 64 strips, pitch 300 µmSiLi – 9 x 5 cm2, 4 x 2 padsCsI – 3 x 3 crystals with the individual readout

SiLi 6 mm

DSSD150 µm

DSSD300 µm

Beam

CsI 200 mm

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013EXL tests and exps. at ESR

R&D and designproduction of componentsinstallation at NESRcommissioning, first exps.

EXLcomponents

ESPASi recoil detector

simulation anddesign studiesprototype testsdemonstrators at ESRfinal design and TDRproductioninstallation and commissioning

EGPAcalorimeter

simulations and design studies prototype testsdemonstrator tests withprotons and gammasfinal design and TDRproductioninstallation and commissioning

The EXL Time Schedule

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013In ringspectrometer simulations

prototype tests at ESRfinal design productioninstallation and commissioning

Forward detectorsimulation and design studies for proton detectorprototype tests for proton detectionfinal design productioninstallation and commissioning

Target andvacuum chamber

simulation anddesign studiestests with prototype targets at ESRfinal design and TDRproductioninstallation and commissioning

The EXL Time Schedule

end 2005: feasibility study at ESR successful end 2007: new ESR detector chamber for feasibility studies and first experiments end 2007: demonstrators for Si recoil detectors and calorimeter end 2007: prototype cryogenic droplet target available at ESR end 2008: decision on design of internal target end 2009: TDR`s for Si recoil detector, calorimeter, and internal target ready end 2011: production of all major detector systems completed end 2012: installation at NESR completed

Milestones for EXL

Challenges and Problems to be Solved for EXL

Recoil Detector:

- silicon ball (DSSD and Si(Li)): high energy and angular resolution for resolving different reaction channels

low threshold large number of detectors and readout channels UHV compatibility?

- calorimeter (CsI): high resolution and efficiency high granularity geometry

Vacuum System:

satisfy demands of UHV conditions in NESR differential pumping? two chamber solution for silicon ball and calorimeter

Internal Target:

gas jet: density and extension alternative targets (cryogenic droplet target, polarized target etc.)

Univ. São Paulo

TRIUMF Vancouver

IPN Orsay, CEA Saclay

GSI Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Univ. Frankfurt, FZ Jülich, Univ. Mainz, Univ. Munich

INR Debrecen

SINP Kolkata

INFN/Univ. Milano

Univ. Osaka

JINR Dubna, Univ. St Petersburg, Moscow

CSIC Madrid, Univ. Madrid

Univ. Lund, Mid Sweden Univ., TSL Uppsala

Univ. Basel

Univ. Birmingham, CLRC Daresbury, Univ. Surrey, Univ. York, Univ. Liverpool

The EXL Collaboration

13 countries, 32 institutes, ~ 136 participants

Basel, Switzerland, Universität Basel - K. Hencken, B. Krusche, T. Rauscher, F. ThielemannBirmingham, United Kingdom, University of Birmingham - M. FreerDaresbury, United Kingdom, CLRC Daresbury Laboratory - P. Coleman-Smith, I. Lazarus, R. Lemmon, S.Letts, V. PucknellDarmstadt, Germany, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung - T. Aumann, F. Becker, K. Beckert, K. Boretzky, A. Dolinski, P. Egelhof, H. Emling, H. Feldmeier, B. Franczak, H. Geissel, J. Gerl, S. Ilieva, C. Kozhuharov, Y. Litvinov, T. Neff, F. Nolden, C. Peschke, U. Popp, H. Reich-Sprenger, H. Simon, M. Steck, T. Stöhlker, K.Sümmerer, S. Typel, H. Weick, M. WinklerDarmstadt, Germany, Technische Universität Darmstadt - G. Schrieder Debrecen, Hungary, Institute of Nuclear Research (ATOMKI) - A. Algora, M. Csátlos, Z. Gáski, J. Gulyás, M. Hunyadi, A. KrasznahorkayDubna, Russia, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research - A.G. Artukh, A. Fomichev, M. Golovkov, S.A. Klygin, G. A. Kononenko, S. Krupko, A. Rodin, Yu.M. Sereda, S. Sidorchuk, E. A. Shevchik, Yu.G. Teterev, A.N. VorontsovFrankfurt, Germany, Universität Frankfurt - R. Dörner, R. Grisenti, J. StrothGatchina, Russia, St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute and St. Petersburg State University - V. Ivanov, A. Khanzadeev, E. Rostchin, O. Tarasenkova, Y. ZaliteGöteborg, Sweden, Chalmers Institute - B. Jonson, T. Nilsson, G. NymanGroningen, KVI, The Netherlands - M. N. Harakeh, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, H. Moeini, C. Rigollet, H, WörtcheGuildford, United Kingdom, University of Surrey - J. Al-Khalili, W. Catford, R. Johnson, P. Stevenson, I. ThompsonJülich, Germany, Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich - D. Grzonka, T. Krings, D. Protic, F. RathmannKolkata, India, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics - S. Bhattacharya, U. Datta PramanikLiverpool, United Kingdom, University of Liverpool - M. Chartier, J. Cresswell, B. Fernandez Dominguez, J. ThornhillLund, Sweden, Lund University - V. Avdeichikov, L. Carlén, P. Gobulev, B. JakobssonMadrid, Spain, CSIC, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia - E. Garrido, O. Moreno, P. Sarriguren, J. R. Vignote, C. Martínez-Pérez, R. Alvarez Rodriguez, C. Fernandez RamirezMadrid, Spain, Universidad Complutense - L. Fraile Prieto, J. López Herraiz, E. Moya de Guerra, J. Udias-MoineloMainz, Germany, Johannes Gutenberg Universität - O. Kiselev, J.V. KratzMilan, Italy, Universitá da Milano and INFN - A. Bracco, P.F. Bortignon, G. Coló, A. ZaliteMoscow, Russia, Russian Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute - L. ChulkovMumbai, India, Bhabha Atomic Research Center - S. Kailas, A. ShrivastavaMunich, Germany, Technische Universität München - M. Böhmer, T. Faestermann, R. Gernhäuser, P. Kienle, R. Krücken, L. Maier, K. SuzukiOrsay, France, Institut de Physique Nucléaire - D. Beaumel, Y. Blumenfeld, E. Khan, J. Peyre, J. Pouthas, J.A. Scarpaci, F. Skaza, T. ZerguerrasOsaka, Japan, Osaka University - Y. FujitaSão Paulo, Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo - A. Lépine-SzilySt. Petersburg, Russia, V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute - Y. MurinSt. Petersburg, Russia, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute (PTI) – V. Eremin, Y. Tuboltcev, E. VerbitskayaSundsvall, Sweden, Mid Sweden University - G. ThungströmTehran, Iran, University of Tehran - M. Mahjour-ShafieiUppsala, Sweden, The Svedberg Laboratory - C. Ekström, L. WesterbergVancouver, Canada, TRIUMF - R. Kanungo

The EXL Collaboration

peter egelhof for the exl-collaboration workshop on silicon detectors for the cbm experiment gsi...

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