pests are ‘unwanted’organisms njdep definition of pesticide · 2014. 12. 16. · aldicarb...
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Master Gardeners Pesticides - What you need to know!
2015- MG pdh 12/10/2014 1
Pesticides-What you need to know!
Patricia D. HastingsPesticide Safety Education Program Coordinator
Cooperative ExtensionPest Management Office
Today’s agenda• What is a pesticide?• Types & formulations• Environmental fate & transport• Health effects • Risk Assessment & registration• The pesticide label is the LAW!
NJDEP Definition of Pesticide
Any substance or mixture of substances, labeled, designed, or intended for use in preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest, or…
NJDEP NJAC 7:30 -1.2
Pests arePests are
nuisances...nuisances...
‘unwanted’‘unwanted’organisms...organisms...
disease vectors...disease vectors...
…sources of severe economic
losses
…sources of severe economic
losses
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Pesticides are as varied as the pests they control...
Fungicide Insecticide
Miticide
Herbicide
Rodenticide
Nematicide
Mollusciside
Avicide
Algicide
Algicide
pupalarva
egg
adult
Mosquito
•Plant Desiccants
•Plant Growth Regulators
• Paints & Stains (with pesticidal properties)
•Sanitizers/Disinfectants
•Plant Defoliants
•Pest control/ fertilizer co-formulations
*Specifically defined as pesticide (NJDEP NJAC 7:30 -1.2)
*
*
*
Other regulated pesticides…
Some pesticides are derived from natural substances:
•minerals•plants•microbials
(e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan)
Biopesticides
Source: www.epa.gov/pesticides/ biopesticides/whatarebiopesticides.htm
Not a product endorsement
• Botanical pesticide; plant-derived active ingredient is pyrethrin
• Potent broad-spectrum insecticide
• Relatively low mammalian toxicity
• Sensitive to air & light
• May have synergist to increase efficacy (e.g., piperonyl butoxide)
Pyrethrum
Pyrethrins/Pyrethroid Cumulative Risk Assessment (EPA, 2011)
Not a product endorsement
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permethrinallethrinbioresmethrincypermethrinresmethrin d-phenothrintetramethrin
cypermethrincyfluthrindeltamethrincyfenothrinfenvaleratefluvalinate
Pyrethroids
• Class of synthetic insecticides structurally based on the pyrethrins
• Altered structure is more photo-stable
• Some examples:
Pyrethrins/Pyrethroid Cumulative Risk Assessment (EPA, 2011)
1.Only active while wet (apply morn/eve)
2.Cover all plant surfaces
3.Check label for plant-specific phytotoxicity
4.Use caution on new blooms, young seedlings/young plants
5.High toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Insecticidal Soaps
Not a product endorsement
Microbial pesticide: Bacillus thuringiensis
•Bt kurstacki -
•Bt israelensis -
•Bt tenebrionsis -
mosquito, black fly, & fungus gnat larvae
leaf eating caterpillars
Colorado potato beetle grubs
Not a product endorsement
Not a product endorsement
Rodenticides
Not a product endorsement
repellants...repellants...
Not a product endorsement
pitfallpitfallpitfallTraps withoutpesticides…Traps withoutpesticides…
“sticky”“sticky”
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Traps with attractants …
follow all pesticide label directions precisely.
Not a product endorsement
kitchen
bath
Adequate & safe pest control...
require precise application of pesticides
Not product endorsement
hand-held sprayers for
medium jobs...
Pesticide Application
aerial sprays or foggers for deep
penetration big jobs...
Pesticide Application
adsorption
leaching
runoff
microbial degradation
crop residues
Environmental Fate & Transport
• Varied residual products & times
• Fate & transport of pesticides... air, soil, ground & surface waters
• All potential targets* are not pests
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Pesticides can harm beneficial insects...
frompollinators...
to predators...
azinphos-methyl USA, Canada, Poland• Bacillus thuringiensis CRYIIIA USA • carbaryl Canada, Italy, Poland, USA• carbofuran USA, Canada• chloethocarb Canada • chlordane Canada, Portugal• chlorfenvinphos USA, Poland • cypermethrin Canada• DDT Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Italy, oland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, USA• deltamethrin Canada• dieldrin Austria, Canada, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, USA, • dioxacarb Poland• endosulfan USA, Canada, Portugal, • endrin Canada, Portugal, USA • esfenvalerate USA• fenvalerate USA, Canada,• hydrogen cyanide Ukraine • lindane/BHC Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, USA • malathion USA • methamidophos Canada, Poland• methidathion USA, Canada, Poland • methoxychlor Poland • methyl parathion Hungary • monocrotophos USA • oxamyl USA• parathion Switzerland, USA, • permethrin USA, Canada, Hungary• phorate Canada
Resistant Arthropod Profile:Leptinotarsa decemlineataCommon Name: Colorado potato beetle
Human Health - Routes of Entry Human Health - Routes of Entry
contact
inhalation
ingestion
toxicity... dose...‘ability of a substance to cause an adverse effect on an organism’
‘amount of a substance ingested, inhaled, or contacted’
response "All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy."
Paracelsus (1493-1541)
Acute Toxicity
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“the amount of a substance ingested orally that is required to kill one-half of a test population”
Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)...
Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)...
Acute Toxicity
LD50* Common Useabsolute alcohol 10,600.0 beverage, preservativetable salt 3,800.0 food additiverotenone 1,500.0 insecticide/piscicidepyrethrin 1,200.0 botanical pesticidecarbaryl 850.0 carbamate insecticidecaffeine 355.0 coffee & cola constituentacetone 10.7 nail polish removernicotine 0.3 tobacco constituent
[(*mg/kg of body weight) source: The Merck Index, 11th edition, 1989]
Relative Acute Toxicity ofSubstances in the Home
Signal Word
Toxicity Category
Oral (mg/kg)
Dermal (mg/kg)
Inhalation(ppm)
Danger I <50 <200 < 0.05
Warning II 50-500 200-2,000 0.05-0.5
Caution III 500-5,000 2k- 5k 0.5 - 2
Caution IV >5,000 >5,000
Basis of Signal Words on the Pesticide Label – Acute Toxicity
* may also be a poison
*
Toxicity Category Signal Word
1Danger-Poison
Danger
2 Warning
3 Caution
4 Caution
acute systemic poisons(very likely to cause acute illness through oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure)
skin & eye irritation skin & eye irritation potential through dermal exposure; can be irreversible
Source: http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/techp2.htm4/11/01
Acute Toxicity – the Pesticide Label
All pesticides sold or distributed in US are registered by EPA as required by law…
Human health and ecological risk assessments
For food or animal feed marketed in the US, • pesticide residue limits (tolerances) by
commodity • FDA & USDA enforced
The pesticide label incorporates all registration requirements. It is a legal document!!!!!
See EPA Laws & Regulations: www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/laws.htm
Division of Licensing Operations, Solid Waste & Pesticides Enforcement
Law: NJ Pesticide Control ActRegulation: NJ Administrative Code
Title 7 Chapter 30Mission:Ensure compliance with federal & State laws/ regulations regarding the use, sale, transport, disposal, manufacture, & storage of pesticides in NJ
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
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Don’t apply at a higher rate than specified
More is more, not necessarily better or legal
Restricted use pesticides can only be used by certified applicators
Follow the label and use pesticides wisely…
The LABEL IS THE LAW!!!
The Label is the Law!!!!!!!
“Minimum risk pesticide”“Minimum risk pesticide”
cedar oilcitronellacorn gluten mealdried bloodgarlic & garlic oillauryl sulfate malic acidsodium chloride thymewhite pepperzinc metal strips
cedar oilcitronellacorn gluten mealdried bloodgarlic & garlic oillauryl sulfate malic acidsodium chloride thymewhite pepperzinc metal strips
Examples:Examples:“…any pesticide or pesticidalactive ingredients alone or incombination with certaininert ingredients that EPAhas determined are not of acharacter necessary to beregulated under the FederalInsecticide, Fungicide andRodenticide Act (FIFRA); andhave been exempted fromthe registration andreporting_requirements ofSection 25(b) of FIFRA, and40CFR_part_152 of thecorresponding regulations…”
“…any pesticide or pesticidalactive ingredients alone or incombination with certaininert ingredients that EPAhas determined are not of acharacter necessary to beregulated under the FederalInsecticide, Fungicide andRodenticide Act (FIFRA); andhave been exempted fromthe registration andreporting_requirements ofSection 25(b) of FIFRA, and40CFR_part_152 of thecorresponding regulations…”
Illegal Pesticides
Source: www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/illegalproducts/index.htm
• Pesticides cancelled/restricted use in US shipped in from other countries
• Repackaged restricted use materials marketed to public
• “Misbranding” - includes false or unsubstantiated claims (e.g. mosquito vs. WNV)
• Unregistered products making pesticidal claims
‘Tres Pasitos’ repackaged
aldicarb
• Common illegal pest products: moth balls, pet products, insecticidal chalk, antibacterial products
• See EPA’s webpage for reports
EPA Inspection of Kearny NJ Warehouse Fuji Lavender Moth Tablets Insect Repellant
•Attempt to Import Unregistered Pesticide•With Misleading Packaging•Product Seized & Destroyed
1. Pesticide Name2. Restricted Usage Statement3. Ingredient Statement4. Directions for Use (‘site’ & pest) 5. EPA Registration No. 6. EPA Establishment No.7. Manufacturer Name/Address8. Hazards to humans/ domestic animals9. EPA Signal Word/ Symbol10. Personal Protective Equipment11. First Aid Statement12. Environmental Hazards: fish, birds,
mammals, aquatic invertebrates, bees 13. Physical or Chemical Hazard(s)14. Re-entry Statement15. Storage and Disposal
Exercise
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ACTIVE INGREDIENTParaffinic Oil (Superior Paraffinic type U.R. 92%)……98.00%
OTHER INGREDIENTS……………………………….………….2.00%TOTAL…………………………………………………..….……100.00%
Not a product endorsement
Store and transport in an upright position.EPA Est. No. 4-NY-1 EPA Reg No. 4-80
Buyers Guarantee Limited to Label Claims.
BONIDE PRODUCTS, INC.Oriskany, NY 13424
604480203
target pests
use sites
EPA Reg #
manufacturer
Not a product endorsement
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Directions for use
Precautionary Statement Wording-An example
Remember, hazards are product-specific!!!
fabric...fabric...
compositioncomposition
thickness...thickness...
Wash thoroughly after pesticide use...
Pre-soak washDetergent & hot water Run rinse cycle emptyIf in doubt, throw it out!
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Pesticide Exposure
• Be aware of symptoms; read label Precautionary & First Aid Statements
• Remove contaminated clothing
• Seek medical aid indue time
• Have the label with you…
Precautionary Statement Wording-An example
“Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment…”
Certified by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)
...always labeled & in the original
container
locked for safety!
Pesticide storage in the home...
Never transfer from larger to smaller containers without proper tools…
Pesticides & common household items don’t mix!
Pesticide disposal tips - homeowners
•Mix only what’s needed •Don’t burn, bury, or pour into drains
•Don’t reuse or rinse emptycontainers; place in trash or offer for recycling if available
•NJ ‘Household Hazardous Waste’ county programs!!!!