pestel analysis of uk

7/30/2019 Pestel Analysis of UK

1/55

3

_G^UGI CDCIX^H^ B@ WM GNBDBJX


2/55

1

_QG@CNG

Ulg WM lc~ aggd cjbdk bdg b` ulg kqgcug~u dcuhbd~ b` ulg {bqie$ Hu lc~ aggd

cjbdk ulg hdg~ubq~ ubp pqhbqhuhg~) c~ dbu bdix gnbdbjx) awu cii bulgq cnubq~

,^bnhci) pbihuhnci cde kgbkqcplhnci( cqg cbqcaig qbj cd hdg~ubq~ pbhdu b` hg{

bq `qbj cd hjjhkqcdu~ pbhdu b` hg{$

Ulh~ qgpbqu nbduchd~ nbjpqglgd~hg cdcix~h~ b` WM~ ^bnhci) _bihuhnci cde

Kgbkqcplhnci cnubq~$ pgnhci gjplc~h~ h~ khgd bd gnbdbjx ~hdng hu h~ ulg jchd

~gnubq b` cdx nbwduqx$ Cii jcfbq gnbdbjhn hdehncubq~ cqg cdcixvge qbj 3? xgcq~

uhjg pgq~pgnuhg ,1??1*1?31($

@hdciix) ulg hegc g|uqcnuge cde wuwqg b` WM gnbdbjx h~ pqgehnuge ax cdcixvhdk ulg

cabg cnubq~$

Cwulbq

Lc~cd Ahd Ucqhs

JAC ,A&@( Ecuge6 33 Bnu 1?31


3/55

>

UCAIG B@ NBDUGDU^

^GQHCI DB NBDUGDU^ _CKG DB

3 Lh~ubqx b` WM 5*0

1 Acnmkqbwde b` WM ;*37

> Nwqqgdnx 30*3;

5 Kgbkqcplx 3


4/55

5

WDHUGE MHDKEBJ

HDUQBEWNUHBD6

LHÛBQX6

Ulg Wdhuge Mhdkebj b` Kqgcu Aqhuchd ncjg hdub aghdk bd 3 Jcx 3;?;) c~ c qg~wiu b` ulg pbihuhnci

wdhbd b` ulg Mhdkebj b` Gdkicde ,{lhnl hdniwege [cig~( cde ulg Mhdkebj b` ^nbuicde$ Ulg

wdhbd {c~ ulg qg~wiu b` ulg uqgcux pc~~ge bd cde ~hkdge ax ulg pcqihcjgdu~ b` abul ulg dcuhbd~

ulcu {c~ eh~nw~~ge ulg pqghbw~ xgcq$

Ulg Uqgcux b` Wdhbd gdcaige ulg u{b mhdkebj~ ub ag nbjahdge hdub c ~hdkig mhdkebj {hul ulg

u{b pcqihcjgdu~ jgqkhdk hdub c ~hdkig pcqihcjgdu b` Kqgcu Aqhuchd$ Ulg dg{ mhdkebj `bqjge kbu

hu~ `hq~u jbdcqnl hd ulg dcjg b` Swggd cddg) ~hdng Gdkicde cde ^nbuicde w~ge ~x~ugj b`

jbdcqnl~ {lgd ulgx {gqg ~gpcqcug ~ucug~ cde abul ~ucug~ ~lcqg ulg ~cjg jbdcqnl$

Ggd cùgq `bqjhdk ulg ~hdkig mhdkebj) ngquchd c~pgnu~ b` ulg `bqjgq hdegpgdegdu mhdkebj~

qgjchdge ~gpcqcug) hd ihdg {hul ulg ugqj~ hd ulg Uqgcux b` Wdhbd) ulg~g cqg6

^nbuuh~l cde Gdkih~l ic{ qgjchdge ~gpcqcug Abul dcuhbd~ nbduhdwge ub lcg ehgqkgdu ~x~ugj~ b` gewncuhbd$ Ulg qgihkhbw~ cde nwiuwqci c~pgnu~ cde picng~ qgjchdge ~gpcqcug b` abul ulg dcuhbd~$

Cùgq ulg egjh~g b` ulg 3~u

jbdcqnl) ulg jgqkge mhdkebj {c~ qwige bgq ax ulg `biib{hdk~$

Kgbqkg Ibwh~) agncjg mhdk c~ Kgbqkg H ,3;351;() lg {c~ ulbwkl wdpbpwicq cjbdk ulgmhdkebj awu lg awhiu wp cqjx cde ~ucahihvg pbihuhnci ~x~ugj hd ulg dg{ mhdkebj cde

qg~ubqge pgcng hd dbqulgqd Gwqbpg$

Kgbqkg HH ,3;1;3;0?() h~ qgdb{dge c~ lg awhiu wp ulg `hq~u Aqhuh~l Gjphqg) ~uqgdkulgdhdkulg nbibdhg~ hd ulg Ncqhaagcd cde Dbqul Cjgqhnc$ Lg pqbjbuge cde cebncuge `bq

nbd~uhuwuhbdci ~x~ugj hd ulg mhdkebj$

Kgbqkg HHH qghkdge 3;0?3


5/55

7

Ulg Phnubqhcd gqc)

dcjge c`ugq Swggd Phnubqhc ,3;38?3() ~c{ ulg kqb{ul b` c egjbnqcuhn ~x~ugj b`

kbgqdjgdu ulcu lce agkwd {hul ulg Qg`bqj Ahii b` 31ulcu hduqbewnge {heg*qcdkhdk nlcdkg~

ub ulg gignubqci ~x~ugj b` Gdkicde cde [cig~$ Ulcu gqc h~ {gii mdb{d hd Aqhuchd lh~ubqx c~ ulg

gqc b` hdew~uqhci cecdngjgdu~$ G|nhuhdk dg{ ugnldbibkhg~ ~wnl c~ ~ugcj ~lhp~) qchiqbce~)

plbubkqcplx) cde ugigkqcpl~ cppgcqge) jcmhdk ulg {bqie jwnl `c~ugq*pcnge$ Ulh~ gqc ci~b ~c{

u{b kqgcu {cq~ dcjgix ulg Nqhjgcd [cq ckchd~u Qw~~hc ,3 ub > cde nbd~wjgq

~pgdehdk qb~g ax 57') jcmhdk WM c Nbd~wjgq jcqmgu$


6/55

0

Hd 38;>*;5) WM ckchd `giu hdub c ~ihklu qgng~~hbd {hul ulg bhi nqh~h~ cde ^ubnm jcqmgu nqc~l$ Ulh~

igce ub Icabq pcqux ucmg bgq wpub 38;8$ Hd 38


7/55

;

ACNMKQBWDE B@ WM6

Gnbdbjx6

^hvgUlg WM gnbdbjx h~ bdg b` ulg icqkg~u gnbdbjhg~ b` ulg {bqie$ Hu h~ qcdmge 8

ulicqkg~u gnbdbjx

b` ulg {bqie {hul qg`gqgdng ub KE_ ,___() {lhnl h~ 1$17> uqhiihbd % cde qcdmge 17ul

hd KE_ pgq

ncphuc ,dbjhdci( c~ pgq NHC {bqie `cnu abbm) {lhnl cjbwdu~ ub >0)8?? %$ Hd Gwqbpg) WM~

gnbdbjx h~ ulhqe icqkg~u c`ugq Kgqjcdx cde @qcdng c~ nbjpcqge ub KE_ ,dbjhdci($ Hu lc~

dbjhdci KE_ b` 1$53< uqhiihbd %$

^gnubq~Ulg WM lc~ bdg b` ulg {bqie+~ jb~u kibacih~ge gnbdbjhg~$ Hu h~ nbjpqh~ge b` pqhjcx) ~gnbdecqx

cde ugquhcqx ~gnubq~$ Ulg qgicuhg ~uqgdkul cde nbduqhawuhbd b` gcnl ~gnubq hd ckkqgkcuggnbdbjx h~ c~6

Ckqhnwiuwqg6 ?$;'

Hdew~uqx6 13$8'

^gqhng~6 ;;$5'

Ckqhnwiuwqg6

Ulg WM h~ gdqhnlge {hul dcuwqci qg~bwqng~ g$k Nbci) bhi) dcuwqci kc~) uhd) ihjg~ubdg) hqbd bqg) ~ciu)nicx) nlcim) kxp~wj) igce) ~hihnc$ Jbqgbgq) WM h~ ~gi` ~w``hnhgdu hd hu~ `bbe cde ckqhnwiuwuci

qgswhqgjgdu~$ Ckqhnwiuwqg b` WM h~ ~pqgcege bgq nqbp~) ihg ~ubnm cde pbwiuqxcde`h~lgqhg~ {hul

ihg ~ubnm ulg jcfbq ~gnubq b` ckqhnwiuwqg lchdk 1">qe

~lcqg hd pqbewnuhbd$ WM ckqhnwiuwqg h~

lgchix jgnlcdhvge {hul bdix 3$7' icabq `bqng pqbewnhdk 0?' b` `bbe dgge~ b` gduhqg nbwduqx$

Hdew~uqx6

WM h~ cd lgchix hdew~uqhcihvge gnbdbjx$ Hu h~ ulg ~gnbde icqkg~u ~gnubq b` hu~ gnbdbjx {hul

qg~pgnu ub KE_ ~lcqg$ ^bjg b` ulg mgx hdew~uqhg~ b` Wm cqg c~ wdegq

Jcnlhdg ubbi~) gignuqhn pb{gq gswhpjgdu) cwubjcuhbd gswhpjgdu) qchiqbce gswhpjgdu)

~lhpawhiehdk) chqnqc`u) jbubq glhnig~ cde pcqu~) nbiignuhgix mdb{d c~ gdkhdggqhdk cde ciihge

hdew~uqhg~= gignuqbdhn~ cde nbjjwdhncuhbd~ gswhpjgdu) jguci~) nlgjhnci~) nbci) pguqbigwj)

pcpgq cde pcpgq pqbewnu~) bbe pqbng~~hdk) ug|uhig~) nibulhdk) bulgq nbd~wjgq kbbe~


8/55

ad

$ Hd ulg WM ulg jcfbqhux b` ulg lgcul ncqg ~gnubq nbd~h~u~ b` ulg ~ucug `wdege cde bpgqcuge ax

Dcuhbdci Lgciul ^gqhng ,DL^() {lhnl cnnbwdu~ `bq bgq


10/55

3?

b` `hqj~) cu ulg qguchi cde {lbig~cig iggi) hdniwehdk qguchi acdm~) awhiehdk ~bnhguhg~) hdg~ujgdu

acdm~ cde lgekg `wde~) cde cqg {hegq ulcd ulg cnuhhuhg~ b` `hdcdnhci ~gqhng~ `hqj~ ibncuge hd

ulg Nhux$ Ulgx ci~b hdniweg cnuhhuhg~ qgicuge ub hd~wqcdng cde pgd~hbd `wde~$

Ibdebd h~ ulg icqkg~u `hdcdnhci ngdugq b` ulg {bqie$ Ibdebd cnnbwduge `bq 57$' hd 1?33$|hhh

Ulg bulgq jcfbq ~gnubq hdniweg~ qgci g~ucug ,8?$5 ad KPC() cde 3$5' b` ubuci {bqm`bqng fba~)

cde hd`b cde nbjjwdhncuhbd ,;;$3 ad KPC( cde >$0' {bqm`bqng fba~$

_BIHUHNCI6

WM lc~ aggd ehhege hdub > pcqu~ h$g ^nbuicde) [cig~ cde Dbqulgqd Hqgicde) cii ulg~g ulqgg lcg

c ~pgnhci ~ucuw~ cde lcg ulghq ibnci cejhdh~uqcuhbd~ {hul {heg qcdkg b` qg~pbd~hahihuhg~$|h

Lb{ggq) Gdkicde lc~ aggd ulg jchd picxgq b` WM nbduchdhdk pbpwicuhbd b`


11/55

33

1$ Ulg igkh~icuhg6Ulg _cqihcjgdu h~ ulg ~wpqgjg igkh~icuhg abex cde ulg kbgqdjgdu h~ egpgdegdu wpbd ulg

pcqihcjgdu `bq ic{ jcmhdk cde cjgdejgdu~$ WM pbihuhnci ~uqwnuwqg h~ c jwiuh pcqux ~x~ugj {hul

ulqgg pqgcigdu pcquhg~ 3( ulg Nbd~gqcuhg pcqux 1( ulg icabq pcqux cde >( cde ulg ihagqci

pcqux$|h Ulbwkl) ~hdng 381?~) ulg ihagqci~ lcg aggd ulg wdegqebk cde kbgqdjgdu~ cqg `bqjge

ax 3 cde 1$

Ulg Kgdgqci gignuhbd~ cqg lgie ggqx 7 xgcq~ cde ulg pcqux {lb kgu~ lhklg~u bug~ `qbj pwaihn

cnswhqg~ ulg jcfbqhux ~gcu~ hd ulg pcqihcjgdu cde ulgqgax ulg igcegq b` ulg pbihuhnci pcqux {hul

cd ca~biwug jcfbqhux b` ~gcu~ hd ulg Lbw~g b` Nbjjbd~ h~ nlb~gd ub ag ulg _qhjg Jhdh~ugq

,@__U ~x~ugj($ Ulg _qhjg Jhdh~ugq ulgd ~gignu~ ulg bulgq Jhdh~ugq~ {lhnl jcmg wp ulg

Kbgqdjgdu cde cnu c~ pbihuhnci lgce~ b` ulg cqhbw~ Kbgqdjgdu Egpcqujgdu~$ G$k `hdcdng)

gewncuhbd) lgciulncqg gun$

Ulg pcqihcjgdu b` WM h~ ehhege hdub 1 lbw~g~ b` nlcjagq~ h$g 3( lbw~g b` nbjjbd~ cde 1(

lbw~g b` ibqe~$ Lbw~g b` Nlcjagq h~ ulg ib{gq nlcjagq awu hu ~gqg~ ulg jchd pcqihcjgducqx

`wdnuhbd~ c~ jb~u jhdh~ugq~ cqg pcqu b` ulh~ lbw~g cde cqg eqc{d `qbj ulh~ lbw~g$ Ulgqg cqg 07?

nbd~uhuwgdnhg~ ,jgjagq~ gignuge qbj eh``gqgdu cqgc~ b` nbwduqx($

Lbw~g b` ibqe~ h~ c wppgq nlcjagq awu hu lc~ ig~~ cwulbqhuhg~ ulcd lbw~g b` nbjjbd~$ Hu~ jchd

qbig~ cqg ub qgh~g igkh~icuhbd cde mggp c nlgnm bd Kbgqdjgdu ax ~nqwuhdhvhdk hu~ cnuhhuhg~$ Hu

ncd egicx ulg igkh~icuhbd~ qbj nbjjbd~ ,ahii~( ax g|gqnh~hdk gub awu _cqihcjgdu Cnu~ 3833

cde 3858) lc~ ihjhuge hu~ pb{gq~ ~b ulcu hu ncdu aibnm ulg ahii~ jbqg ulcd bdg ~g~~hbd) ~b

wiuhjcugix hu ncddbu aibnm ulg {hii b` ulg Lbw~g b` Nbjjbd~$ Ulg lbw~g b` ibqe~ nbd~h~u b` 1kqbwp~ 3( ibqe ugjpbqci~ cde 1( ibqe ~phqhuwci~$ Ugjpbqci~ cqg cppbhduge jgjagq~ ax swggd) 81

jgjagq~ lcg ulg lgqgehucqx qhklu~ ,ulgx ncd pc~~ ulghq ~gcu~ bdub ulghq eg~ngdegdu~() cde

^phqhuwci hdniweg~ qgihkhbw~ `hkwqg~ {lb `bqj nlwqnl b` Gdkicde) ulgx cqg 10 hd dwjagq~) h$g 7

cqnlah~lbp~ cde 13 ah~lbp~$

W~wciix c ~hdkig pcqux jcmg cde qwd ulg kbgqdjgdu awu hd 1?3?) Eche Ncjgqbd `bqjge

nbcihuhbd kbgqdjgdu {hul ihagqci~$ WM ulbwkl h~ c ~bgqghkd pcqihcjgdu awu ^nbuicde lc~ hu~

~gpcqcug pcqihcjgdu cde dbqul hqgicde cde {cig~ lc~ ulghq ~gpcqcug c~~gjaihg~$

>$ Ulg Fwehnhcqx6Ihmg ulg igkh~icuhg ~x~ugj) WM fwehnhcqx ~x~ugj ci~b bpgqcug~ bd ulqgg ~gpcqcug ac~g~) h$g bdg

`bq Gdkicde cde [cig~) bdg `bq ^nbuicde) cde bdg `bq Dbqulgqd Hqgicde$ Hd WM) jhdh~uqx b` fw~uhng

cejhdh~ugq~ ulg nbwqu ~x~ugj$ C`ugq Nbd~uhuwuhbdci Qg`bqj Cnu 1??7) ^wpqgjg nbwqu h~

cppbhduge c~ ulg lhklg~u nbwqu hd icde Fwehnhcqx h~ hdegpgdegdu `qbj kbgqdgjgdu$ Hu nbd~h~u~ b`

31 fwekg~$ Ulg Nbwqu~ b` Gdkicde cde [cig~ cqg lgcege ax ulg ^gdhbq Nbwqu~ b` Gdkicde cde


12/55

31

[cig~) nbd~h~uhdk b` ulg Nbwqu b` Cppgci) ulg Lhkl Nbwqu b` Fw~uhng ,`bq nhhi nc~g~( cde ulg Nqb{d

Nbwqu,`bq nqhjhdci nc~g~($ Ulg fwehnhci nbjjhuugg b` ulg pqhx nbwdnhi h~ ulg lhklg~u nbwqu b`

cppgci ,bq nbwqu b` ic~u qg~bqu( hd WM$ Hu nbjpqh~g~ b` ulg ~cjg jgjagq~ c~ b` ^wpqgjg nbwqu$

Cppgci~ cqg jceg ub ulg jbdcqnl) {lb ulgd qg`gqqge hu ub Fwehnhci nbjjhuugg `bq cehng cde hu~

cehng h~ cnngpuge ax ulg jbdcqnl$

|hh

|hhh

Ibnci kbgqdjgdu ~x~ugj h~ `biib{ge hd WM$ Gdkicde lc~ c jh| b` 1 uhgq cde ~hdkig uhgq ~x~ugj~$

_b{gq~ cqg ~lcqge agu{ggd Ibdebd abqbwkl nbwdnhi cde Kqgcugq ibdebd cwulbqhux lgcege ax

cd gignuge jcxbq$

^hdng 38;>) WM h~ pcqu b` GW) cde bgquhjg hu lc~ cnswhqge jgjagq~lhp~ b` cqhbw~ kibaci cde

qgkhbdci abehg~|h|

^BNHCI6

WM h~ {gii mdb{d `bq hu~ eh~nhpihdge) bqkcdhvge cde ^uqbdk nhhi ~bnhgux$ ^bjg b` ulg jb~u `cjbw~nlcqcnugqh~hun~ b` WM nhhi ~bnhgux cqg6

||

Lwjcd Qhklu~ Ahii6 WM h~ ulg ~hkdcubqx b` Gwqbpgcd nbdgduhbd bd ulg lwjcd qhklu~) ax {lhnl

qhklu~ b` ggqx lwjcd cqg qg~pgnuge cde cqg c pcqu b` ebjg~uhn ic{ cde g|gqnh~ge hd nbwqu~$

C `qgg jgehc cde `qggebj b` hd`bqjcuhbd6 Ulg @qggebj b` hd`bqjcuhbd cnu) baihkg~ dcuhbdci

kbgqdjdgu) ibnci kbgqdjgdu~ cde pwaihn abehg~ ub pqbheg cdx mhde b` hd`bqjcuhbd qgswg~uge

ax cdx nhuhvgd$

Uqceg Wdhbd~6 C swcqugq b` {bqmgq~ hd Aqhuchd cqg jgjagq~ b` uqceg wdhbd~ qgpqg~gduhdkeh``gqgdu bnnwpcuhbdci kqbwp~ bq hdew~uqhg~$ Ulg~g uqceg wdhbd~ cqg ubuciix hdegpgdegdu b`

kbgqdjgdu cde gjpibxgq~$

_qg~~wqg kqbwp~6 WM lcg jcdx bqkcdhvcuhbd~ g$k Dcuhbdci Cwuh~uhn ~bnhgux) Kqggd pgcng) gun

ulcu ncjpchkd pwaihnciix bd cqhbw~ pbihuhnci) gdhqbdjgduci cde ~bnhguci h~~wg~ cde bqng

kbgqdjgdu ub ucmg qhklu egnh~hbd~ ac~ge bd pwaihn {gi`cqg$

Nlcqhuhg~ cde biwducqx kqbwp~6 WM nhuhvgd cqg gqx cnuhg hd jcmhdk ebdcuhbd~ cde ~wppbquhdk

pwaihn {gi`cqg cnuhhuhg~$ Nlcqhuhg~ cde biwducqx kqbwp~ cqg ~pqgce bgq 1< ncugkbqhg~ hd WM

hdniwehdk gewncuhbd) lgciul) lbw~hdk)gun$||h

^bnhci Nic~~g~6

Ulg ~bnhci ~uqwnwuqg b` WM h~ hd`iwgdnge ax ulg ~bnhci nic~~ ~x~ugj$ Ulg _cqihcjgdu b` Wdhuge

Mhdkebj h~ bqkccdhvge bd nic~~ ac~h~ {hul Lbw~g b` ibqe~ qgpqg~gduhdk Wppgq cde gihug nic~~ cde

Lbw~g b` nbjjbd~ qgpqg~gduhdk ggqx bdg gi~g$ Jbdcqnl h~ cu ulg ubp b` ulg ^bnhci nic~~

~uqwnuwqg$||hh


13/55

3>

DQ^ ,Dcuhbdci qgcegq~lhp wqgx( g~uhjcug~ b` WM pbpwicuhbd ax ~bnhci kqceg bd egn 1??7 cqg$

~bnhci

kqceg~bnhci ~ucuw~ bnnwpcuhbd

C wppgq jheeig nic~~ lhklgq jcdckgqhci) cejhdh~uqcuhg bqpqb`g~~hbdci

A jheeig nic~~hdugqjgehcug jcdckgqhci) cejhdh~uqcuhg bq

pqb`g~~hbdci

N3 ib{gq jheeig nic~~~wpgqh~bqx bq nigqhnci) fwdhbq jcdckgqhci)

cejhdh~uqcuhg bq pqb`g~~hbdci

N1 ~mhiige {bqmhdk nic~~ ~mhiige jcdwci {bqmgq~

E {bqmhdk nic~~ ~gjh cde wd~mhiige jcdwci {bqmgq~

G ulb~g cu ib{g~u iggi b` ~wa~h~ugdng ~ucug pgd~hbdgq~ bq {heb{~ ,db bulgq gcqdgq()nc~wci bq ib{g~u kqceg {bqmgq~

Ulg {ghkluckg b` gcnl nic~~ h~ khgd agib{ ac~ge bd DQ^ g~uhjcug~ b` WM pbpwicuhbd ax

kqceg~||hhh

Cii WM

Cewiu~

,37-(Jgd [bjgd

Ubuci~G~uhjcuge

???~5;< 15)


14/55

35

N3 ^wpgqh~bqx bq nigqhnci

cde fwdhbq jcdckgqhci)cejhdh~uqcuhg bq

pqb`g~~hbdci

???~

' pqb`hig 18$? 1;$5 >?$0

^bnhci Kqceg

N1

^mhiige [bqmhdk Nic~~

* ^mhiige jcdwci{bqmgq~

G~uhjcuge

???~8)805 7)>87 5)7;?

' pqb`hig 1?$; 1>$3 3qe

icqkg~u nic~~ {hul 1?$;' {ghkluckg$ Ulgx cqg hd aiwg nbiicq bnnwpcuhbd~ ihmg

~gi` gjpibxge nbduqcnubq~ cde ugnldhnhcd~) ulg~g cqg w~wciix nbiigkg kqcewcug~ cde ebdu lcg

wdhgq~hux gewcnuhbd$ Ulgx cqg ~pgnhcihvge hd jcdwci {bqm~$

Ulg cddwci gcqdhdk~ b` ulg~g nic~~g~ cqg ~lb{d agib{ ,ac~ge bd DQ^ g~uhjcug~ `bq 1??5( C * 7?m cde bgq A * >7*7?m N3 * 17*>7m N1 * 37*17m E * ;*37m G * 7*;m


15/55

37

Ihugqcnx qcug6 WM lc~ bdg b` ulg lhklg~u ihugqcnx qcug~ hd ulg {bqie {hul 88' ihugqcug pgbpig$||h

_bpwicuhbd agib{ pbgquxihdg6 Hd WM) ulg pbpwicuhbd ihhdk agib{ pbgqux ihdg h~ 3;$3' hd

1?3?$

||

Icabq `bqng cde wdgjpibxjgdu6 WM lc~ icabq `bqng bdg b` ulg icqkg~u icabq `bqng hd ulg {bqie

cjbwduhdk ub >3$; jhiihbd$ Lb{ggq cqbwde


16/55

30

NWQQGDNX

Bgqhg{6

_bwde ~ugqihdk h~ ulg b``hnhci nwqqgdnx b` WM$ Hu h~ egdbuge ax cde hu~ H^B nbeg h~ KA_$

Bqhkhd6

Ulgqg cqg ehgqkgdu ulbwklu~ nbdngqdhdk ulg bqhkhd b` KA_$ Bdg jb~u nbd~hegqcaig qg`gqgdng h~

ulcu b` cdkib ~c|bd uhjg~ ,{lgd kgqjcd uqhag~ hdcege cde ~guiige hd Aqhuchd( cqbwde 77? cde

3?00) {lgd nbhd~ nciige ~ugqihdk~ {gqg jhduge `qbj ~higq) 15? b` ulg~g ~ugqihdk~ {ghklge bdg

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17/55

3;

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18/55

303? mj1$

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19/55

38

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20/55

1?

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21/55

13

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22/55

11

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23/55

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24/55

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25/55

17

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26/55

10

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27/55

1;

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28/55

1*

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29/55

18

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30/55

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31/55

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32/55

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33/55

>>

HJ_BQU^ CDE G\_BQU^6

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@biib{hdk cqg jcfbq g|pbqu~ b` WM) Jcdw`cnuwqge kbbe~) `wgi~) nlgjhnci~) `bbe ~uw``~)

aggqckg~) ubacnnb) nibulg~) ncq~) jhihucqx gswhpjgdu) gdugquchdjgdu) ~uggi) nbjpwugq

~bù{cqg) hdcdng) acdmhdk) gignuqhnci kbbe~) gignuqbdhn~) jcnlhdgqx) plcqjcngwuhnci pqbewnu~)

guni|h

$ Ulbwkl WM ci~b g|pbqu~ ~gqhng~) jbqg ulcd 0?' b` WM g|pbqu~ cqg kbbe~$

Jcnlhdgqx cde uqcd~pbqu) jcdw`cnuwqge kbbe~ cde nlgjhnci~ cqg Aqhuchd+~ icqkg~u g|pbqugcqdgq~$ Aqhuchd h~ ulg {bqie+~ ~gnbde icqkg~u g|pbqugq b` ~gqhng~) hdniwehdk acdmhdk) hd~wqcdng)

~ubnm aqbmhdk) nbd~wiucdnx cde nbjpwugq pqbkqcjjhdk$i|hh

Jchd g|pbqu~ cqg

Hugj~ ' B`

ubuci

Ugignbjjwdhncuhbd~ gswhpjgdu 7$$8

Chqnqcù >$0

Gdkhdg~ cde jbubq~ >$7

,ucaig 5) g|pbqu~ c~ b` 1???(

Hjpbqu~6

WM~ hjpbqu~ cqg ciwge cu % 51$8 ad c~ b` 1?31$

Ihmg g|pbqu~) jb~u b` WM hjpbqu~ cqg jcdw`cnuwqge kbbe~) jcnlhdgqx) `wgi~= `bbe~uw``~$ Jb~u b`

WM hjpbqu~ cqg kbbe~ ,;0'( b` {lhnl `hdh~lge kbbe~ cqg jcfbq lgce$ ^gg ucaig bd dg|u pckg$


34/55

>5

Hugj~ ' B`

ubuci

Nbd~wjgq kbbe~ 3


35/55

>7

HJ_BQU^ CDCIX^H^6

,@hk ;(

1??> ,^gpu cde Egn(6

Ulg hjpbqu~ b` WM hd Fcdwcqx 1??> qb~g ax 5$;' cde hd ^gpugjagq ax 5$0;'$ Bdg jcfbq qgc~bd

`bq ulcu {c~ ulg lwkg egnihdg hd g|nlcdkg qcug~) KA_ egnihdge `qbj 3$0307 ub 3$7;>7 hd Cwkw~u$

Cdbulgq qgc~bd {c~ ulgqg {c~ c qcehnci hdnqgc~g hd WM hjpbqu~ `qbj eggibphdk nbwduqhg~$i|hhh

Hjpbqu~ b` ~gqhng~ {c~ ulg jcfbq eqhgq b` kqb{ul$ Ulh~ {c~ ulg uhjg {lgd WM pb~ge lhkl

kqb{ul qcug~ ,c~ g|pichdge hd s*s kep( ~gkjgdu$

1??7 ,Fwi*^gpu(6

WM~ hjpbqu~ kqg{ ax 1$>5') 5$355' cde 3$?>' `qbj Fwix ub ^gpugjagq qg~pgnuhgix$ Ulg jchd

eqhgq {c~ ulg qh~g hd hjpbqu~ b` kbbe~ ax 33$>' `qbj 1??5$ Cdbulgq jchd qgc~bd {c~ ulg nqweg

bhi pqhng~ {gqg lhklix hdnqgc~ge$ ABG nwu hdugqg~u qcug~$

1??0 ,Fwd*Fwix(6

WM hjpbqu~ egnihdg ax cijb~u 31' nbjahdge b` Fwd cde Fwix 1??0$ Ulg jchd {c~ ulg egnihdg hd

hjpbqu~ b` kbbe~ ax 1$8'$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd~ {gqg ulcu hdugqg~u qcug~ qb~g ax jcfbq abehg~

hdniwehdk GNA) ABG cde W^ `gegqci qg~gqg$

1??< Cwk*Fcd 1??86

WM hjpbqu~ `gii aceix hd ulh~ plqc~g ax jbqg ulcd 3>' nbjahdge$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd {c~ ulg

kibaci qgng~~hbd b` 1??


36/55

>0

1??8 ,^gpu* Bnu(6

Ulg hjpbqu~ qb~g ax cqbwde


37/55

>;

G\_BQU^CDCIX^H^6

,@hk ,FCD) JCX & FWIX(6

Ulg g|pbqu~ qb~g ax 31') egnihdge ax *5$8' cde ckchd qb~g ax 5$;7>' hd fcd) jcx cde fwix

qg~pgnuhgix$ Ulg jchd qh~g ,ulqbwklbwu ulg xgcq( {c~ hd g|pbqu~ b` ~gqhng~ ax


38/55

>8

UQCEG ACICDNG CDCIX^H^6

,@hk 8(

1??> ,Jcx cde ^gpu(6

WM uqceg acicdng hdnqgc~g ax 1?5' hd Jcx cde ulgd ckchd ax 33?$'($ Ulg qgc~bd~ `bq

ulg wpqh~g hd Jcx cde ^gpu {gqg WM hdugqg~u qcug~ qgewnge) kep kqb{ul {c~ wdnlcdkge$ 1de

kwi`

{cq ci~b aqbmg bwu {lhnl lcjpgq~ WM g|pbqu~ hd ulh~ qgkhbd$

1??7 ,Cwk(6

Uqceg acicdng qb~g ax ;7$8>' hd Cwkw~u$ Ulg jchd qh~g {c~ hd hjpbqu b` kbbe~ ,33$>'( ckchd~u

g|pbqu~ cu 3?$


40/55

5?

1?3? ,@ga) Jcqnl cde Fwix(6

Uqceg acicdng qgewnge ax 5;$1?


41/55

53

N_H CDCIX^H^6

,@hk 3?(

1??> ,FCD(6

Ulg N_H `bq Fcdwcqx {c~ ?$0' eb{d$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd `bq ~wnl egnihdg~ {c~ ulg nwu hd hdugqg~u

qcug~ ax GNA ub 5? xgcq ib{ iggi b` 3$17$ Ulg jchd eqhgq {c~ lbw~g pqhng hdìcuhbd {lhnl

~wqkge ub >?' cde Gwqb nwqqgdnx ~ucquge nhqnwicuhbd hd WM$

1??5*1??76

Ulqbwklbwu ulg~g 1 xgcq~) N_H qgjchd ~ucaig hd agu{ggd ?$1*?$7'$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd `bq ulcu {c~

KE_ {c~ lchdk ~ugcex kqb{ul) ~gnubq~ {gqg pb~hdk pb~huhg bwupwu cde {bqm`bqng fba~ {gqg

hdnqgc~hdk$ GNA cde ABG nwu hdugqg~u qcug~ cde ABG qcug~ qgjchdge cqbwde >$;7*5$7'$ Ewg ub

ulh~ WM hdìcuhbd ucqkgu nlcdkg~ ub 1$? pgq ngdu ac~ge bd ulg Nbd~wjgq _qhng~ Hdeg| ,N_H($

1??0 ,Cpq cde Egn(6

N_H hd ulg~g 1 kqb{ul cu ?$0'$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd~ `bq ulcu {c~ Bhi pqhng~ {gqg qh~hdk cde qgcnlge

;?% c acqqgi {lhnl hdnqgc~ge hdpwu nb~u `bq jcdw`cnuwqhdk hdew~uqhg~$ Ulgqg {c~ ci~b

Qw~~hc"Wmqchdg eh~pwug {lhnl igce ub nwu~ hd kc~ ~wppihg~ hd Gwqbpg) lcjpgqhdk pqbewnuhbd

bwupwu$ Lwqqhncdg lhu W^) hjpbqu~ agncjg nb~uix ci~b$i||hhh

1??; ,Fcd) Fwix cde Egn(6

N_H eqbppge ax ?$$7' qg~pgnuhgix cde bhi

*3

*?$

__H CDCIX^H^6

,@hk 33(

1??1*1??;6

Ulg __H agu{ggd 1??1* ?; qgjchd~ ~ucaig cde hd agu{ggd ?$1*?$5') {hul lhklg~u iggi hd ulh~

gqc b` __H {c~ ?$*7$7' cde GNA ax 1$7*>$7'$ Bhi pqhng~ {gqg ci~b ~ucaig agu{ggd 5?*;< %

pgq acqqgi cde KA_ cde ncpcnhux wuhihvcuhbd qgjchd~ cgqckg$

1??< ,Fcd Jcx= Cwk*Bnu(6

__H ~wqkge ub 3$3' hd Fcd) ?$7' hd @ga) 3$3' hd Jcq) 3$7' hd Cpq cde 1' hd Jcx$ Ulg jchd

qgc~bd~ c~ pgq BD^) ulg qh~g hd Fcdwcqx {c~ jchdix ewg ub hdnqgc~g~ hd ulg pqhng b` pguqbi)

nlgjhnci cde bbe pqbewnu~ cde bulgq jcdw`cnuwqge pqbewnu~ ~wnl c~ ~nqcp jguci$ _guqbi

pqbewnu pqhng~ qb~g ax 3$5 pnu agu{ggd `qbj Egngjagq$i|||hh

Nqweg bhi qgcnlge 3??% pgq acqqgi hd

1??< Fcd$ Ulg qh~g hd ulg Jcx b` 1' {c~ ci~b lhu ax hdnqgc~g~ hd nqweg bhi) hjpbquge pcqu~)

nlgjhnci~ cde jguci~ cde PCU jgc~wqg~ hd ulg awekgu 1??8$ Ulg qh~g ewqhdk ulg jbdul {c~

icqkgix ewg ub c ~lcqp fwjp hd ulg pqhng~ b` pguqbigwj cde `bbe pqbewnu~) c~ {gii c~ ~nqcp

jguci) c~ pgq BD^$ Cdbulgq qgc~bd~ {gqg ulcu g|uqcnuhbd b` jhdgqci~ cde `wgi {gqg ib{gqge

`qbj pqghbw~ xgcq nbwpige {hul ib{gq nbd~wjpuhbd cde hjpbqu~$i|||hhh

cde `cii hd KA_ ckchd~u

WÊ cde Gwqb ub qgnbqe ib{ cde Kibaci qgng~~hbd 1?? 1??1

Egn Db Bnu ^gp Cwk Fwi Fwd Jcx Cpq Jcq @ga Fcd


44/55

55

Cwk* Bnu ~c{ c egnihdg hd __H ax *?$;') *?$>') *?$3') *?$8' qg~pgnuhgix$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd c~ pgq

BD^ {c~ ulg jbdulix eqbp hd bwupwu pqhng~ {c~ jchdix ewg ub pguqbigwj pqbewnu~ {lhnl

nbduqhawuge ?$7< pp ub ulg eqbp$ Cdbulgq qgc~bd~ hdniweg ~lcqp qgewnuhbd hd nqweg bhi ub agib{

8?% c acqqgi cde ABG hdugqg~u qcug~ nwu ax 3$7'$i|||h

1??86

__H ~ucquge ckchd ub pb~g pb~huhg kqb{ul~ ~hdng hu {c~ c pgqhbe {lgd gnbdbjx {c~ qgnbgqhdk

`qbj qgng~~hbd$ Ulg qgc~bd~ {gqg ABG nwu hdugqg~u qcug~ ub ib{g~u iggi~ 3' hd Fcdwcqx cde

jcdw`cnuwqhdk egnihdg {c~ qgewnge `qbj pqghbw~ jbdul ax ?$1'$ ^hdng ulgd ulgqg {c~ c

kqcewci hjpqbgjgdu~ hd __H agncw~g hdugqg~u qcug~ {gqg `wqulgq qgewnge ub ?$7' cde SG {c~

abb~u wp ax ABG cde bulgq~$

1?3? ,Cpq(6

__H bd Cpq 1?3? qb~g ax 3$5'$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd `bq ~wnl c lwkg hdnqgc~g {c~ ige ax c 5$3pgqngdu hdnqgc~g hd pguqbigwj pqbewnu~$ _qhng~ `bq bulgq jcdw`cnuwqge pqbewnu~ ~wnl c~ ~nqcp

jguci fwjpge >$8 pgqngdu$

Cdbulgq qgc~bd hdniweg egnihdg b` pbwde ub 3$5; % {lhnl jceg hjpbqu~ g|pgd~hg) ABG ib{

hdugqg~u qcug ~uqgcj cde lhkl Nqweg Bhi pqhng~) ulw~ nbduqhawuge ub{cqe~ ulg qh~g __H$

1?33,Fcd(6

__H qb~g ax 3' hd Fcd$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd {c~ ulg qh~g hd `hdci pqhng~ b` 5$$1'( cde nlgjhnci~ cde plcqjcngwuhnci~ ,1$5'($

i|||

Hdpwupqhng~ b` nqweg bhi ,5$0'() jguci~ ,1$1'( cde hjpbquge jcugqhci~ ,1$3'( {gqg ci~b ~hkdh`hncdu

nbduqhawubq ub ~wnl c qh~g$

Bulgq qgc~bd~ bq ~wnl cd wp{cqe jbgjgdu {c~

1?31 ,Fwd cde bd{cqe~(6

Ulg jchd qgc~bd `bq Fwd 1?31 egnihdg hd __H c`ugq c ibdk nbduhdwbw~ kqb{ul {c~ jchdix agncw~g

b` ulg egnihdg hd _guqbigwj pqbewnu~ ,*>$>'( cde Nlgjhnci~ & plcqjcngwuhnci~ ,*3'(

nbduqhawuhdk ub ulg egnihdg b` bgqcii __H$ Nibulhdk cde pcpgq & pqhduhdk ci~b egnihdge awu ib{$

Hdpwu pqhng~ ci~b egnihdge ~lcqpix agncw~g b` nqweg bhi cde hjpbquge jguci~$ i|||h __H ~hdng ulgd

h~ ~ucahihvhdk cde qgkh~ugqge c kqb{ul b` ?$7' hd Cwk agncw~g b` qh~g hd _guqbigwj pqbewnu~

ax>$1' Nlgjhnci~ & plcqjcngwuhnci~ ax ?$8'$ Cdbulgq qgc~bd~ hdniweg ib{ g|nlcdkg qcug~ cde

SG ax ABG cde qh~g hd nqweg bhi$


45/55

57

WDGJ_IBXJGDU QCUG CDCIX^H^6

,@hk 31(

1??1*1??7,^gp(6

Ulh~ pgqhbe ,c~ g|pichdge ax cabg hdehncubq~( {c~ jcqmge {hul ~ucahihux$ Wdgjpibxjgdu

qgjchdge hd agu{ggd 5$;*7') {hul lhkl b` 7$5' hd ^gpu 1??1 cde ib{ b` 5$$7' b` GNA) Bhi pqhng~ {gqg agu{ggd % 5?*0? c acqqgi) N_H

ucqkgu~ {gqg 1$?' cddwci) gun$

1??7,Bnu(*1??0,Fwd(6

^hdng Bnu 1??7) wdgjpibxjgdu agkcd ub qh~g {hul ?$1' jbdulix kqb{ul ub 7'$ Gcnl ~wnng~~hg

jbdul~ uhii Fwdg 1??0) g|pgqhgdnge c jbdulix kqb{ul hd wdgjpibxjgdu ax ?$3' ,g|ngpu Fcd

cde Jcq 1??0($ Ulg qgc~bd~ {gqg ulcu dg{ fba~ kqb{ul egnihdge ax ?$?

5

7

0

;

1??1

FCD @GA JCQ C_Q JCX FWD FWIX CWK ^G_U BNU DBP EGN


46/55

50

1??0,Fwi(*1??< ,Jcx(6

Hd ulh~ pgqhbe) fba jcqmgu qgjchd~ `chqix ~ucaig c~ wdgjpibxjgdu jbge cqbwde 7$7'$ Ulg

qgc~bd~ {gqg ulcu bwupwu b` `g{ hdew~uqhg~ qb~g {lhig b` nbd~uqwnuhbd hdew~uqx eqbppge hd 1??;

{lhnl h~ ulg 7ul

icqkg~u gjpibxjgdu pqbhegq$|n

Bulgq qgc~bd~ {gqg hdnqgc~g hd hdugqg~u qcug~ ax ABG wpuhi Db 1??; cde ulgd egnihdg$ Nwu hd W^

`ge qg~gqg qcug~ `qbj 7$17 ub 1$17 hd ulh~ pgqhbe) {lhnl abb~u W^ egjcde b` WM kbbe~) Bhi

pqhng~ qgcnlge lhkl cde pwu dgkcuhg hjpcnu bd fba jcqmgu) KA_ qgcnlge c qgnbqe ib{$

1??< ,Fwd(*1??8 ,Fwd(6

@qbj 1??< Fwd) wdgjpibxjgdu qb~g ax ?$1' jbdulix wpuhi Fwd 1??8 ,{hul bdix g|ngpuhbd b` Bnu

1??< cde Jcq 1??8) {lgqg hu qb~g ax ?$>'( `bq nbd~gnwuhg 3> jbdul~$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd `bq

~wnl h~ ulcu ulg bwupwu b` cii hdew~uqhg~ egnihdge ,g|ngpu @hdcdng cde Qgci g~ucug( hd 1??8 ax

3$1' hd Fwix cde nbd~uqwnuhbd~ bqegq hdnqgc~ge$

Bixjphn~ ci~b lgip hdnqgc~g pqbewnuhhux$


47/55

5;

HDUGQGÛ QCUG^ CDCIX^H^6

,@hk 3>(

1??1*1??5 ,Cpq(6

Ulg hdugqg~u qcug~ qgjchdge ~ucaig cu cqbwde 5$7*7$7' ewqhdk ulh~ plc~g$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd {c~

ulcu bwupwu~ b` ~gnubq {c~ qh~hdk ax cqbwde 7' cde ulgqg lc~ aggd bgq 3' kqb{ul hd {bqm`bqng

fba~ cddwciix) ^b ABG mgpu hdugqg~u dbd bicuhig cu cqbwde 7'$ Cdbulgq qgc~bd~ {gqg ulcu W^

`ge hdugqg~u qcug~ {gqg ci~b ib{) Bhi {c~ ~ucaig cu cqbwde 5? % c acqqgi cde KA_ {c~ ~ucaig cu

cqbwde 3$0*3$< pgq WÊ$

1??5 ,Jcx(* 1??0,Fwix(6

Bd jcx 1??5) hdugqg~u qcug~ qb~g ax ?$17') `wqulgq hd Fwdg ax ?$17' cde ulgd ckchd hd Cwkw~u

ax ?$17' ub qgcnl cu 5$;7' cde ulh~ qcug {c~ jchduchdge wpuhi Fwix 1??7$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd~

{gqg ~uqbdk KE_ kqb{ul hd 1??7 ,S1 ub S5( cde 7$7' kqb{ul hd ~gnubq bwupwu~ cde N_H ~ucquge

qh~hdk$ Qh~g hd bhi pqhng~ cde W^ @ge qcug~ hdnqgc~g {gqg ci~b ulg qgc~bd b` ulg~g hdugqci qh~g~$

Ulg qcug~ {gqg ~ihkluix qgewnge ub 5$7' hd Cwk 1??7 cde nbduhdwge ub Fwix 1??0$ Ulg qgc~bd

{c~ lhklgq KE_ kqb{ul~ cde egnihdg hd KA_ ckchd~u WÊ$

1??0 ,Cwk(*1?? 1??1

FCD @GA JCQ C_Q JCX FWD FWIX CWK ^G_U BNU DBP EGN


48/55

5 b` 1??; cde

qh~g hd bwupwu b` ~gnubq~ ax 0$1' `qbj ic~u xgcq) nbwpige {hul qh~hdk N_H) KA_ {c~ ~uqgdkulgdge

ckchd~u WÊ cde bhi pqhng~ {gqg qh~hdk ~lcqpix$

Lb{ggq) ulg ~wa~gswgdu ~gqhg~ b` egnihdg {c~ ewg ub egnihdg hd ~gnubq bwupwu~ cddwci kqb{ul

qcug ub >$0' `qbj 0$1' b` ic~u xgcq) egnihdg hd KE_ kqb{ul `qbj S3 1??< ub S3 b` 1??8) cde ib{

kqb{ul hd fba~$ KA_ {c~ ciqgcex cu lhklg~u qcug ckchd~u WÊ cde ulgqg {c~ ulg agkkhdk b`

`hdcdnhci nqh~h~) acdm ~ubp~ igdehdk ub gcnl bulgq cde hdugqacdm qcug~ {gqg lhkl$

1??< ,Bnu( *1??8 ,Jcq(6

C~ ~bbd c~ ulg kibaci qgng~~hbd aqbmg bwu) ABG qgewnge hdugqg~u qcug~ ub 5$7' hd Bnu) `biib{ge

ax 3$7' qgewnuhbd ub >' hd Db cde `wqulgq 3' egnihdg ub qgcnl cu 1' hd Egn 1?? jbdul~ ax ?$7' ub qgcnl cu qgnbqe ib{ b`

?$7' hd Jcqnl 1??8$ Ulg qgc~bd~ `bq egnihdg {gqg dgkcuhg KE_ kqb{ul hd S3 cde S1 b` 1??8)

`biib{ge ax lhkl qh~g hd N_H) egnihdg hd bhi pqhng~ cde lh~ubqhn ib{ iggi b` KA_ ckchd~u WÊ$ Icqkg

nwu~ ax W^ @ge ci~b {gqg ~bihe qgc~bd~$ Bwupwu~ b` ~gnubq~ {gqg qgewnge ax 3$7' cde fba {gqg

qgewnge ax 3$;7'$|nh

1??8 ,Cpq(*1?316

^hdng Cpqhi 1??8 uhii ecug) qcug~ lcg aggd wdnlcdkge cu ?$7'$ Ulg jchd qgc~bd~ {gqg ulcu

gnbdbjx {c~ qgnbgqhdk `qbj qgng~~hbd cde KE_ kqb{ul~ ckchd agncjg pb~huhg cùgq pb~hdk

dgkcuhg kqb{ul~ hd pc~u `g{ swcqugq~ {hul N_H cde __H jbhdk hd agu{ggd ?$1*?$;' cde ?$3*

?$8' qg~pgnuhgix$ KA_ lc~ aggd ~ucaig cu cqbwde 3$7*3$0 %$

Eg~phug b` egnihdg hd jcdw`cnuwqhdk ~gnubq cu uhjg~) ABG h~ nbjjhuuge ub jchduchd hu~ hdugqg~u

qcug b` ?$7' cde h~ lbpg`wi ulcu gnbdbjx {hii ~bbd qghg cde nbjpigugix bgqnbjg qgng~~hbd)

ulgqgax hu h~ pqbhehdk lwkg ~wj~ ub ulg~g ~gnubq~ hd ugqj~ b` SG `qbj uhjg ub uhjg$|n


49/55

58

G\NLCDKG QCUG^ CDCIX^H^6

,@hk 35(

1??> ,Cwk 11(* 1??5,1b @ga(6

Ulg KA_"WÊ qcug `qbj ulh~ pgqhbe hdnqgc~ge `qbj ulg ib{ b` 3$7;?> hd Cwk 11) 1??> ub lhkl b`

3$835? ?d 1? @ga 1??5$ Ulg qgc~bd~ `bq ~wnl c qh~g {gqg egnihdg hd kqb{ul `qbj ?$;' hd S31??5 ub ?' hd S>$ N_H cde __H {gqg jbegqcug cde hdugqg~u qcug~ {gqg hdnqgc~ge ax ?$7' cde

g|pbqu~ ci~b qb~g) jcmhdk KA_ ~uqbdk cde bwupwu~ b` ~gnubq~ qb~g ax cqbwde 7'$

1??5 ,@ga( 1??7 ,Cpq 11(6

KA_"WÊ qgjchd ~ucaig hd ulh~ plc~g) qgkh~ugqhdk lhkl b` 3$87?; hd 3?ul

Egn 1??5) cde ib{ b`

3$;0 b` 1??7$ N_H {c~ bd cgqckg cu ?$7' kqb{ul) __H {c~ ihuuig ib{

awu ~ucaig) hdugqg~u qcug~ qgjchd wdnlcdkge cde bwupwu~ b` ~gnubq kqg{ jbegqcugix cu 5'$

0 Jcx 1??7 ?1 Egn 1??76

KA_"WÊ {gqg egnihdge `qbj lhkl b` 3$83;1 bd 18ul

Cpqhi 1??7 ub ib{ b` 3$;?5; hd 1de

Egn

1??7$ Ulg qgc~bd~ `bq egnihdg {gqg ulcu hdew~uqhci bwupwu `gii `qbj Cpqhi ub Egn hdniwehdk lhkl b`

*3$5' hd Db cde Egn$ KE_ swcqugqix kqb{ul~ {gqg egnihdge hd 1??0 S3 ub S>$ Hjpbqu~ kqg{

lgchix {lgqg c~ g|pbqu~ {gqg eb{d cde fba nwu~ hd pqbewnuhbd ~gnubq$

?

?$7

3

3$7

1

1$7

?

1?????

5?????

0?????


50/55

7?

35 Cpq 1??0* 33 Db 1??;6

KA_"WÊ qb~g ~lcqpix `qbj ib{ b` 3$;158 bd ;ul

Cpq 1??0 ub lhkl b` 1$337< hd Db 33) 1??;$

Ulg hdnqgc~g {c~ ewg ub lhkl KE_ kqb{ul~ `qbj 1??0 S5 ub 1??; S>$ Hjpbqu~ {gqg egnihdge

jbqg ulcd g|pbqu~) hdugqg~u qcug~ {gqg ~lcqpix hdnqgc~ge cde wp{cqe uqgde~ hd N_H cde __H$

^gnubqci bwupwu~ hdnqgc~ge ax 3?'$

Db 1??;* 3< Fwix 1??7?1 bd Fcd 1>) 1??8$ Ulg

qgc~bd~ hdniweg nbd~gnwuhg dgkcuhg kqb{ul~ hd KE_ ~hdng pc~u 7 swcqugq~$ ^gnubq bwupwu

egnihdge) hdugqg~u qcug~ {gqg ~lcqpix qgewnge) ~lcqp qgewnuhbd hd g|pbqu~ c~ {gii c~ hjpbqu~) N_H

cde __H egnihdge c~ubdh~lhdkix$

3> Jcq 1??8* ; Cwk 1??86

KA_"WÊ hdnqgc~ge ~lcqpix `qbj ib{ b` 3$>075 bd ub lhkl b` 3$;?5? b` ; Cwk 1??8$ Ulg qgc~bd

`bq ~wnl c qh~g {c~ qh~g hd KE_ kqb{ul~ hd S> cde S5 b` 1??8$ N_H cde __H kqg{ jbegqcugix)

hdugqg~u qcug~ {gqg qgewnge ub lh~ubqhn ib{~) uqceg acicdng {c~ jbegqcug$

1? Db 1??8* 13 Jcx 1?3?6

KA_"WÊ egnihdge `qbj lhkl b` 3$0 Cwk 1?3?6

KA_"WÊ qh~g `qbj ib{ b` 3$5115 bd 5 Fwdg ub lhkl b` 3$7885 bd Cwk 3>) 1?3?$ Ulg qgc~bd~ `bq~wnl c qh~g {c~ qh~g hd KE_ kqb{ul) hdew~uqhci pqbewnuhbd {c~ lhklix hdnqgc~ge) qguchi ~cig~

~ucahihvg) N_H cde __H {gqg ihuuig hdnqgc~ge) hdugqg~u qcug~ qgjchd wdnlcdkge cde wdgjpibxjgdu

~ucahihvge$


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73

>3~u

Egn 1?3? 0ul

Jcx 1?336

KA_"WÊ cppqgnhcuge `qbj ib{ b` 3$7>55 bd Egn >3 ub lhkl b` 3$0;57 bd 18 Cpqhi) 1?33$ Ulg

qgc~bd `bq ulh~ qh~g {c~ KE_ kqb{ul~ hd S3 cde S> b` 1?33$ Qguchi ~cig~ {gqg hdnqgc~ge)

hdew~uqhci pqbewnuhbd {c~ c~ubdh~lhdkix lhkl) N_H qb~g ~lcqpix cde g|pbqu~ {gqg hdnqgc~ge$

10 Cwk 1?33* ; Bnu 1?336

KA_"WÊ egnihdge `qbj ulg lhkl b` 3$07;? bd 10 Cwk 1?33 ub ib{ b` 3$71;3 bd ; Bnu 1?33$ Ulg

qgc~bd~ `bq ~wnl jc~~hg egnihdg {c~ ulcu eb{d{cqe uqgde hd KE_ kqb{ul~) qguchi ~cig~

egnqgc~ge) hdew~uqhci pqbewnuhbd {c~ eb{d) qh~g hd hjpbqu~ cde lhkl uqceg eg`hnhu ci~b

nbduqhawuge ub ulh~ eb{d~{hdk$

5 Jcx 1?31 3 Fwdg 1?316

KA_"WÊ egnihdge `qbj lhkl b` 3$0>?? ub ib{ b` 3$7100 bd 3 Fwdg 1?31$ Ulg qgc~bd~ {gqg ulcu

KE_ kqb{ul egnihdge hd S3 b` 1?31$ Qguchi ~cig~ {gqg lgchix eb{d) hdew~uqhci pqbewnuhbd {c~

lgchix egnihdge) N_H cde __H abul egnihdge) g|pbqu~ `cii lhkl cde uqceg eg`hnhu {hegdge$

&li:gd&ki:pm&phe:ai&~qnhe:CEKGG^hC3E*

J_@lxRch3LmDSEVeLflNsDE[[h{_hWbll8M5~[0HlHkQh\;F1JaDKG~C3HcEUNcjaRRnf@G3Pb`|fQv@CcMeSi|h|

Aiwg abbm 1?33i||luup6""{{{$kbbkig$nbj$pm"wqi2~c:u&qnu:f&s:wm-jcdw`cnuwqhdk-1?33&~bwqng:{ga&ne:3&nce:qfc&ge:?NA?

S@fCC&wqi:luup'>C'1@'1@{{{$aan$nb$wm'1@dg{~'1@aw~hdg~~*

35;503RsSi||h

Aiwg abbm 1?33i||hh

luup6""uwubq1w$dgu"gnbdbjhn~"pqg~gducuhbd~"wmab`p1??0"eg`cwiu$lujii||hhh

Aiwg abbm 1?33i||h

Aiwg abbm 1?33i||

luup6""wm$qgwugq~$nbj"cquhnig"1?31"?7"37"wm*kbbe~*uqceg*eg`hnhu*heWMAQG


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i|||hhAiwg abbm 1?33

i|||hhhAiwg abbm 1?33

i|||h|luup6""dg{~$aan$nb$wm"1"lh"aw~hdg~~"5;8;538$~uj

|nAiwg abbm 1?33

|nhluup6""{{{$aan$nb$wm"dg{~"aw~hdg~~*3

pestel analysis of uk

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