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Pertemuan 17Overview of TCP/IP Error Message

Discussion Topics

• IGRP features• IGRP metrics• IGRP routes• IGRP stability features• Configuring IGRP• Migrating RIP to IGRP• Verifying IGRP configuration• Troubleshooting IGRP

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Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Error Reporting and Error Correction

• ICMP is an error-reporting protocol for IP.

ICMP Message Delivery

• ICMP messages are encapsulated as data in datagrams in the same way any other data is delivered using IP.

Unreachable Networks

Ping

Detecting Excessively Long Routes

• Whether the actual path includes too many hops or a circular routing path exists, the packet will eventually reach the end of its life, known as its time-to-live (TTL).

ICMP Message Types

Destination Unreachable Message

Code Values for Destination Unreachable Messages

TCP/IP Suite Control Messages

• Control messages are used to inform hosts of conditions such as network congestion or the existence of a better gateway to a remote network.