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Persuasive Cartography Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the Internet in the Era of the Internet Mark Mark Monmonier Monmonier Maxwell School of Citizenship and Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Public Affairs, Syracuse University Syracuse University

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Page 1: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Persuasive Cartography Persuasive Cartography

in the Era of the Internetin the Era of the Internet

Mark Mark MonmonierMonmonier

Maxwell School of Citizenship and Maxwell School of Citizenship and

Public Affairs,Public Affairs,

Syracuse UniversitySyracuse University

Page 2: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Electronic CartographyElectronic Cartography

►► Static or dynamic (closed scripts or Static or dynamic (closed scripts or ““openopen””

interactive displays)interactive displays)

►► Experimental forms: 3Experimental forms: 3--dimensional dimensional

holography and holography and ““virtual realityvirtual reality””

►► Ease of distribution over the InternetEase of distribution over the Internet

►► A challenge to archivists and map collectorsA challenge to archivists and map collectors

►► Ultimate scarcity of late 20Ultimate scarcity of late 20thth and early 21and early 21stst

century electronic maps?century electronic maps?

Page 3: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Persuasive CartographyPersuasive Cartography

►► ““PersuasivePersuasive”” is less pejorative (and more is less pejorative (and more

appropriate) a word than appropriate) a word than ““propaganda,propaganda,””

which has negative connotations. which has negative connotations.

►► Persuasive maps communicate a Persuasive maps communicate a ““point of point of

view,view,”” and are thus rhetorical.and are thus rhetorical.

►► Their authors intend them to be Their authors intend them to be

persuasive, or at least to be noticed.persuasive, or at least to be noticed.

►► Getting people to look at them, and at the Getting people to look at them, and at the

underlying argument, is important.underlying argument, is important.

Page 4: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

““Destiny USADestiny USA’’ss

drawing powerdrawing power””

3 December 2002,3 December 2002,

Syracuse PostSyracuse Post--StandardStandard

Page 5: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

From the From the akakurdistan.comakakurdistan.com Website,Website,

““a borderlessa borderless

space [that]space [that]

provides theprovides the

opportunity toopportunity to

build abuild a

collective memorycollective memory

with a peoplewith a people

who have nowho have no

national archive.national archive.””

Page 6: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 7: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

““Invalid Palestinian Arab Invalid Palestinian Arab

Maps,Maps,”” fromfrom

www.palestinefacts.orgwww.palestinefacts.org,,

maintained by themaintained by the

Jewish Agency for IsraelJewish Agency for Israel

““AntiAnti--Israel forces haveIsrael forces have

made an industrymade an industry

out of producingout of producing

invalid maps that eitherinvalid maps that either

deny the existence of deny the existence of

Israel altogether orIsrael altogether or

distort the history anddistort the history and

modern situation.modern situation.””

Page 8: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

From From www.landofisrael.infowww.landofisrael.info

Page 9: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 10: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 11: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030205http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030205--1.html#341.html#34

Page 12: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 13: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Website ofWebsite of

CongressmanCongressman

Adam H. PutnamAdam H. Putnam

(Republican, (Republican,

12th district, 12th district,

Florida)Florida)

Page 14: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

aramchek.netaramchek.net/archives/ 2003/11/20/dodleak.html/archives/ 2003/11/20/dodleak.html

Page 15: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 16: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Sources include:Sources include:

www.omogenia.comwww.omogenia.com/.../31800/an//page/6/vc/1/.../31800/an//page/6/vc/1

Page 17: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

FromFrom

www.wallwww.wall--maps.commaps.com

Page 18: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

FromFrom

www.odt.comwww.odt.com

Page 19: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Also from http://Also from http://www.odt.orgwww.odt.org//

Page 20: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Also from http://Also from http://www.odt.orgwww.odt.org//

Page 21: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Sources include:Sources include:

picasaweb.google.compicasaweb.google.com/.../dSTIPPDiDf0kTs5ZZGDhMA/.../dSTIPPDiDf0kTs5ZZGDhMA

Page 22: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

URL: www.worldmapper.org

Page 23: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Total Population: Total Population

Page 24: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Land Area: Land Area

Page 25: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Muslims: Muslims

Page 26: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Christians: Christians

Page 27: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Roman Catholics: Roman Catholics

Page 28: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Orthodox Christians: Orthodox Christians

Page 29: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Jews: Jews

Page 30: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Pagans: Pagans

Page 31: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Spiritualists: Spiritualists

Page 32: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: Landmine Casualties: Landmine Casualties

Page 33: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: by land area, winner take allElection 2004: by land area, winner take all

Page 34: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: by population, winner take allElection 2004: by population, winner take all

Page 35: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: by county and land areaElection 2004: by county and land area

Page 36: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: by county with populationElection 2004: by county with population

Page 37: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: by county, with population by prismElection 2004: by county, with population by prism

Page 38: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: by state, purple hazeElection 2004: by state, purple haze

Page 39: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: by county, purple hazeElection 2004: by county, purple haze

Page 40: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Designed by Sarah Designed by Sarah FabrikantFabrikant

Page 41: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: reaction to the Election 2004: reaction to the ““religious rightreligious right””

Page 42: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Election 2004: Election 2004: ““serves serves ‘‘emem rightright””

Page 43: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 44: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 45: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 46: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: xxx: xxx

National WeatherNational Weather

Service:Service:

Radar map image,Radar map image,

followingfollowing

Hurricane KatrinaHurricane Katrina

in August 2005in August 2005

Page 47: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 48: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Lee County,Lee County,

FloridaFlorida

Page 49: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: xxx: xxx

Galveston,Galveston,

TexasTexas

waswas

devastateddevastated

in a 1906in a 1906

Hurricane.Hurricane.

On a cableOn a cable

televisiontelevision

websitewebsite

(MSNBC)(MSNBC)

Page 50: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Hurricane Information MapsHurricane Information Maps

based on interactive Google Mapsbased on interactive Google Maps

for Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilmafor Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma

Page 51: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Information Map for Hurricane KatrinaInformation Map for Hurricane Katrina

Page 52: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Interactive map on Interactive map on

New York TimesNew York Times

website examineswebsite examines

the problems of the problems of

draining flooded draining flooded

parts of the city.parts of the city.

Page 53: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 54: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

From a United Nations websiteFrom a United Nations website

Page 55: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Bangladesh:Bangladesh:

Flood map on theFlood map on the

official governmentofficial government

websitewebsite

Page 56: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

GoogleGoogle

EarthEarth

++

NASANASA

elevationelevation

datadata

++

AlexAlex

TingleTingle’’ss

mashmash--upup

Page 57: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 58: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 59: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 60: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 61: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 62: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 63: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 64: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 65: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

U.S.U.S.

EnvironmentalEnvironmental

Protection Agency:Protection Agency:

Example of a sea levelExample of a sea level

rise planning map,rise planning map,

focusing on elevationfocusing on elevation

and likelihood ofand likelihood of

shoreline protectionshoreline protection

Kent County,Kent County,

DelawareDelaware

Page 66: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

BryronBryron ParizekParizek’’ss maps of plausible maps of plausible

effects of melting ice sheets effects of melting ice sheets

Page 67: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 68: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Animated Inundation of EdgartownAnimated Inundation of Edgartown

Page 69: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

WorldmapperWorldmapper: xxx: xxx

Page 70: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 71: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 72: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Berkeley, CABerkeley, CA

6.66.6--magnitude magnitude

earthquakeearthquake

along northernalong northern

section of section of

Hayward FaultHayward FaultRed means danger;

Black means death.

Page 73: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Model of 1906 San Francisco 7.9 EarthquakeModel of 1906 San Francisco 7.9 EarthquakeShaking Intensity: Entire Bay AreaShaking Intensity: Entire Bay Area

Page 74: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Map content is subject to change.Map content is subject to change.

Page 75: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

China and IndiaChina and India——

fairly well mappedfairly well mapped

Page 76: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Australia and EuropeAustralia and Europe——

well mapped butwell mapped but

comparatively stablecomparatively stable

Well off byWell off by

UN standardsUN standards

Page 77: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 78: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 79: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 80: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 81: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 82: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

The The ““UnitedUnited

Claim AreaClaim Area””

delineated bydelineated by

the United Oilthe United Oil

and Gasand Gas

ConsortiumConsortium

ManagementManagement

Company, Company,

which wouldwhich would

like tolike to

““managemanage””

the resource.the resource.

www.unoilgas.com/arcticwww.unoilgas.com/arctic--claimclaim--mapmap--07.jpg07.jpg

Page 83: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 84: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 85: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative
Page 86: Persuasive Cartography in the Era of the InternetPersuasive Cartography “Persuasive ”is less pejorative (and more appropriate) a word than “propaganda,” which has negative

Maps make good propagandaMaps make good propaganda

persuasive graphics:persuasive graphics:

�� Maps are easy to manipulateMaps are easy to manipulate

�� People tend to see maps as People tend to see maps as ‘‘objective objective

realityreality’’——that is, as facts.that is, as facts.

�� Maps can shock, and as Maps can shock, and as ““startling startling

remindersreminders”” they do get noticed.they do get noticed.

�� Dynamic maps readily engage viewers.Dynamic maps readily engage viewers.


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