personality - organisational behavior
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 4
Personality and Emotions – Author Stephen Robbins
Prof. Shrinivas V K
Prof. SVK
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Prof. SVK
What is Personality?
Personality
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others.
Personality Traits
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior.
PersonalityDeterminants• Heredity• Environment• Situation
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Prof. SVK
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Personality Types• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.
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Prof. SVK
The Big Five Model of Personality Dimensions
ExtroversionSociable, gregarious, and assertive
AgreeablenessGood-natured, cooperative, and trusting.
ConscientiousnessResponsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.
Openness to ExperienceImaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and intellectualism.
Emotional Stability/NeuroticismCalm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative).
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Prof. SVK
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Prof. SVK
Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB
Locus of control Machiavellianism Self-esteem Self-monitoring Risk taking Type A personality
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Prof. SVK
Locus of Control
Locus of Control
The degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate.
InternalsIndividuals who believe that they control what happens to them.
ExternalsIndividuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.
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Prof. SVK
Machiavellianism
Conditions Favoring High Machs• Direct interaction• Minimal rules and regulations• Emotions distract for others
Machiavellianism (Mach)
Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.
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Prof. SVK
Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring
Self-Esteem (SE)
Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking themselves.Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
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Prof. SVK
Risk-Taking
High Risk-taking Managers– Make quicker decisions– Use less information to make decisions– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations Low Risk-taking Managers
– Are slower to make decisions– Require more information before making decisions– Exist in larger organizations with stable
environments Risk Propensity
– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job requirements should be beneficial to organizations.
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Type A Personality
The theory describes Type A individuals as ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status-conscious, sensitive, impatient, take on more than they can handle, want other people to get to the point, anxious, proactive, and concerned with time management.
People with Type A personalities are often high-achieving "workaholics", push themselves with deadlines, and hate both delays and ambivalence.
Prof. SVK
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Type B personality
They typically work steadily, and may enjoy achievement, although they have a greater tendency to disregard physical or mental stress when they do not achieve.
When faced with competition, they may focus less on winning or losing than their Type A counterparts, and more on enjoying the game regardless of winning or losing.
Unlike the Type A personality's rhythm of multi-tasked careers, Type B individuals are sometimes attracted to careers of creativity: writer, counsellor, therapist, actor or actress.
Prof. SVK
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Psychoanalytic Theory
Structure of Personality( Id, Ego and Super Ego)
Prof. SVK
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SIGMUND FREUD(1856-1939)
Prof. SVK
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LAYERS OF MINDConscious, Preconscious and Unconscious
Prof. SVK
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Prof. SVK
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Conscious MindIncludes
everything we ‘re aware of
Awareness of our own mental process(Thoughts and Feelings)
Rational
Prof. SVK
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Preconscious MindRepresent
Ordinary Memory
Fact Stored are available for future use
E.g. (Phone No, Address) etc.
Prof. SVK
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Unconscious Mind
Contains feelings, thoughts and memories beyond our Awareness
Continuous Influence on our Behavior and Action
(Dreams and wishes)
Prof. SVK
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Example
Prof. SVK
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STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
Id, Ego And Super Ego
Prof. SVK
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ID Present from Birth Animalistic and
Childish Desires and no values
Operates on Pleasure Principle, to gain Pleasure and avoid pain
Immediate Satisfaction I Want it and want it
right now Exists in Unconscious
mindProf. SVK
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Super Ego Develops from 5 to 6
age Opposite of the Id Operates on Moral
principle Differentiate b/w Good
and Bad If we follow it , We feel
proud and if not ,then , We feel guilty
Exists in Preconscious Mind
Prof. SVK
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Ego Develops After Birth In the middle of Id
And Super Ego Organized and
Rational Reality Principle Responsible for
Dealing with Reality Exists in Conscious
Mind
Prof. SVK
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Example
Prof. SVK
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Erikson’s personality
Erikson suggested that there are
8 developmental stages as we grow from childhood to adulthood and at each of these stages we face the trauma of resolving certain critical conflicts
Prof. SVK
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Stage 1: Infancy ; Trust Vs Mistrust Stage 2: Early childhood; Autonomy Vs shame and
doubt Stage 3: Play age; Initiative Vs Guilt Stage 4: School Age; Industry Vs Inferiority Stage 5: Adolescence; Identity Vs Role Diffusion Stage6: Early adulthood; Intimacy Vs Isolation Stage 7: Adulthood; Generativity Vs Stagnation Stage 8:Mature Adulthood; Ego Integrity Vs Despair
Prof. SVK
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Prof. SVK
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Prof. SVK