perception.-organisational behavior
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Perception Prof. Shrinivas V K
Prof. SVK
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Definition
“Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense
of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge”
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Perception
“ The process by which people select, organize, interpret, and respond to information from the world around them”
“Perception (consciously and unconsciously) involves searching for, obtaining, and processing information in the mind in an attempt to make sense of the world”
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Factors that Influence Perception
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Situation factors
• Time
• Work setting
• Social setting
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Object / Target / PerceivedPerceived characteristics
• Novelty • Motion• Sounds• Size• Background• Proximity
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Background
Prof. SVK
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Background
Prof. SVK
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Background
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Size
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Size
Prof. SVK
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Background/size
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Prof. SVK
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Prof. SVK
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Prof. SVK
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Prof. SVK
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Motion
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Background
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Word Color Test
In this test DO NOT READ the words, say aloud the COLOR of each word.
YELLOW BLUE ORANGEBLACK RED GREEN
PURPLE YELLOW REDORANGE GREEN BLACK
BLUE RED PURPLEGREEN BLUE ORANGE
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Factors Affecting Judgment• Attribution Theory
• Perceptual Errors– Selective Perception– Halo Effect– Contrast Effects– Projection– Stereotyping
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Attribution Theory• When individuals observe behavior, they
attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.– Distinctiveness
• Does individual act the same way in other situations?– Consensus
• Does individual act the same as others in same situation?
– Consistency • Does the individual act the same way over time?
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Attribution Theory E X H I B I T 5-2
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Prof. SVK
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Attribution Theory• Fundamental Attribution Error
– The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others.
• Self-Serving Bias– The tendency for individuals to attribute their
own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.
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Perceptual Errors / Frequently used Shortcuts in judging others
• Selective Perception– People selectively interpret what they see
based on their interests, background, experience, and attitudes
• Halo Effect– Drawing a general impression about an
individual based on a single characteristic
• Contrast Effects– A person’s evaluation is affected by
comparisons with other individuals recently encountered
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Perceptual Errors• Projection
– Tendency for people to see their own characteristics in other people
• Stereotyping– Judging someone on the basis of your
perception of the group to which that person belongs
• Expectancy Theory- Tendency to bias perception of events
objects and people based on prior expectation
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Prof. SVK
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Impression Management
• The process used by individuals to control the impression others form at them.• Punctual• Doing favours• Playing safe• Opinion confirmity
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Johari window
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Organizational relevance • Employee interview
• Performance expectations {self fulfilling prophecy / Pygmalion effect}
• Performance evaluation
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