Personal HealthPersonal Health

Chapter 8Chapter 8

Taking Control of Alcohol UseTaking Control of Alcohol Use

T.V. CommercialsT.V. Commercials

Should they allow commercials to Should they allow commercials to advertise alcohol on T.V.?advertise alcohol on T.V.?

Which commercials for alcohol get the Which commercials for alcohol get the most attention from viewers?most attention from viewers?

What about the “Don’t Drive Drunk” What about the “Don’t Drive Drunk” commercials? Do they work?commercials? Do they work?

Alcohol Use in the USAlcohol Use in the US

Our society is more sensitive than ever to Our society is more sensitive than ever to the misuse of alcohol.the misuse of alcohol.

People are concerned about the People are concerned about the consequences of drunk driving, alcohol-consequences of drunk driving, alcohol-related crime and lowered job productivity.related crime and lowered job productivity.

While its use remains quite high among While its use remains quite high among young people in the US, there has been a young people in the US, there has been a slow decrease since the 1980’s.slow decrease since the 1980’s.

Choosing to DrinkChoosing to Drink

People drink for different reason and People drink for different reason and people don’t drink for different reasons.people don’t drink for different reasons.

Inhibitions – inner controls that prevent a Inhibitions – inner controls that prevent a person from engaging in certain types of person from engaging in certain types of behaviorbehavior

Figure 8-1Figure 8-1 What are the different types of drunks?What are the different types of drunks?

Alcohol Use PatternsAlcohol Use Patterns The advertisements create a warm aura The advertisements create a warm aura

about the nature of alcohol use.about the nature of alcohol use. The implications are clear: alcohol use will The implications are clear: alcohol use will

bring you good times, handsome men or bring you good times, handsome men or seductive women, exotic settings and a seductive women, exotic settings and a chance to forget the hassles of hard work and chance to forget the hassles of hard work and study.study.

2/3 of all Americans are classified as drinkers2/3 of all Americans are classified as drinkers Surprisingly 1 in 3 adults does not drink.Surprisingly 1 in 3 adults does not drink.

Alcohol Use PatternsAlcohol Use Patterns

85-90% of all college students drink.85-90% of all college students drink.

Of the 2/3 of adults who drinkOf the 2/3 of adults who drink 1/3 are light drinkers1/3 are light drinkers 1/3 are moderate to heavy drinkers1/3 are moderate to heavy drinkers

As a single category heavy drinkers would As a single category heavy drinkers would make up 10% of the adult drinking make up 10% of the adult drinking populationpopulation

Drinking on CampusDrinking on Campus

College students who drink classify College students who drink classify themselves as light-to-moderate drinkers.themselves as light-to-moderate drinkers.

Yet when they read the criteria for each Yet when they read the criteria for each classification many find themselves to be classification many find themselves to be heavy drinkers.heavy drinkers.

Table 8.1Table 8.1 Binge drinking – the consumption of five Binge drinking – the consumption of five

drinks or more in one drinking occasiondrinks or more in one drinking occasion

Drinking on CampusDrinking on Campus

49.7% of college students binged at least 49.7% of college students binged at least once in the 2 weeks previous to the study.once in the 2 weeks previous to the study.

Strongest factors for bingeing:Strongest factors for bingeing: Living in fraternity or sorority houseLiving in fraternity or sorority house Adopting a party-centered lifestyleAdopting a party-centered lifestyle Engaging in other risky behaviorEngaging in other risky behavior

Drinking games seek to make binge Drinking games seek to make binge drinking socially acceptable.drinking socially acceptable.

Declining Alcohol UseDeclining Alcohol Use

For large numbers of students who drink, For large numbers of students who drink, the college years are a time when they the college years are a time when they drink more heavily that at any other period drink more heavily that at any other period during their lifetime.during their lifetime.

Substituting some healthy safe activity for Substituting some healthy safe activity for using alcohol.using alcohol.

Additional techniques for avoiding alcohol:Additional techniques for avoiding alcohol: Avoid parties where you can expect heavy Avoid parties where you can expect heavy

drinkingdrinking

Declining Alcohol UseDeclining Alcohol Use

Avoid people who are drinking heavily or Avoid people who are drinking heavily or becoming erratic or threateningbecoming erratic or threatening

Request a nonalcoholic beer, soft drink or Request a nonalcoholic beer, soft drink or glass of water instead of alcoholglass of water instead of alcohol

Participate in activities that can provide a non-Participate in activities that can provide a non-chemical highchemical high

Cultivate friends who find their highs through Cultivate friends who find their highs through natural, positive activities in which you share natural, positive activities in which you share an interestan interest

Alcohol and the FamilyAlcohol and the Family

The alcohol abuser hurts more than just The alcohol abuser hurts more than just himself or herself.himself or herself.

Behaviors of a dysfunctional family, pg Behaviors of a dysfunctional family, pg 254-255254-255

There are lots of resources available for There are lots of resources available for those who need help.those who need help.

There are lots of other issues and There are lots of other issues and problems that can arise from living with an problems that can arise from living with an alcoholic.alcoholic.

The Nature of Alcoholic BeveragesThe Nature of Alcoholic Beverages Fermentation – a chemical process whereby Fermentation – a chemical process whereby

plant products are converted into alcohol by plant products are converted into alcohol by the action of yeast cells on carbohydrate the action of yeast cells on carbohydrate materialsmaterials

Distillation – the process of heating an Distillation – the process of heating an alcohol solution and collecting its vapors into alcohol solution and collecting its vapors into a more concentrated solutiona more concentrated solution

Half of the proof is the % of alcohol content.Half of the proof is the % of alcohol content.

The Nature of Alcoholic BeveragesThe Nature of Alcoholic Beverages

Most consider the calories of alcohol to be Most consider the calories of alcohol to be empty calories.empty calories.

Alcohol consumption is a significant Alcohol consumption is a significant contributor to the additional pounds that contributor to the additional pounds that many college students accumulate.many college students accumulate.

Light beers only mean fewer calories.Light beers only mean fewer calories. Ice beers actually have a higher alcohol Ice beers actually have a higher alcohol

content, due to how the beer is processed.content, due to how the beer is processed.

The Physiological Effects of AlcoholThe Physiological Effects of Alcohol

Alcohol is classified as a drug.Alcohol is classified as a drug. It is a very strong CNS depressant.It is a very strong CNS depressant. So why do people feel so good after a couple So why do people feel so good after a couple

of drinks?of drinks? Absorption – the passage of nutrients or Absorption – the passage of nutrients or

alcohol through the walls of the stomach of alcohol through the walls of the stomach of the intestinal tract into the bloodstream.the intestinal tract into the bloodstream.

The absorption of alcohol is influenced by The absorption of alcohol is influenced by several factors. several factors.

The Physiological Effects of AlcoholThe Physiological Effects of Alcohol Those factors include:Those factors include:

Strength of the beverageStrength of the beverage Number of drinks consumedNumber of drinks consumed Speed of consumptionSpeed of consumption Presence of foodPresence of food Body chemistryBody chemistry Race/ethnicityRace/ethnicity Gender – women produce much less alcohol Gender – women produce much less alcohol

dehydrogenase than men, women absorb about dehydrogenase than men, women absorb about 30% more alcohol than men do, despite an 30% more alcohol than men do, despite an identical number of drinks and equal body weightidentical number of drinks and equal body weight

The Physiological Effects of AlcoholThe Physiological Effects of Alcohol

Blood alcohol concentration – the % of Blood alcohol concentration – the % of alcohol in a measured quantity of blood; alcohol in a measured quantity of blood; can be determined directly, through the can be determined directly, through the analysis of a blood sample, or indirectly, analysis of a blood sample, or indirectly, through the analysis of exhaled airthrough the analysis of exhaled air

Typically your body can break down 1 Typically your body can break down 1 alcoholic drink in 2 hours.alcoholic drink in 2 hours.

More than this and you start to build up the More than this and you start to build up the alcohol concentration in your blood.alcohol concentration in your blood.

The Physiological Effects of AlcoholThe Physiological Effects of Alcohol Acute alcohol intoxication – a potentially fatal Acute alcohol intoxication – a potentially fatal

elevation of your blood alcohol concentration, elevation of your blood alcohol concentration, often resulting from heavy, rapid consumption often resulting from heavy, rapid consumption of alcoholof alcohol

Table 8.2Table 8.2 Oxidation – the process that removes alcohol Oxidation – the process that removes alcohol

from the bloodstreamfrom the bloodstream Hangover – headache, nausea, fatigue, Hangover – headache, nausea, fatigue,

diarrhea, loss of appetite, or an overall feeling diarrhea, loss of appetite, or an overall feeling of being sickof being sick

The Physiological Effects of AlcoholThe Physiological Effects of Alcohol Hangover symptoms may be intensified if Hangover symptoms may be intensified if

you are:you are: DehydratedDehydrated Have poor nutritionHave poor nutrition An empty stomachAn empty stomach Lack of sleepLack of sleep Poor healthPoor health Increase physical activity while drinkingIncrease physical activity while drinking

Nothing can make you sober up quickly.Nothing can make you sober up quickly. Water & time are the best way to help Water & time are the best way to help

yourselfyourself

The Physiological Effects of AlcoholThe Physiological Effects of Alcohol Not everyone who goes to sleep, passes out, Not everyone who goes to sleep, passes out,

or even becomes unconscious after drinking or even becomes unconscious after drinking has a high BAC.has a high BAC.

People who drink heavily in a rather short People who drink heavily in a rather short time may be setting themselves up for an time may be setting themselves up for an extremely unpleasant, toxic, potentially life-extremely unpleasant, toxic, potentially life-threatening experience.threatening experience.

What do you do if someone is suffering from What do you do if someone is suffering from acute alcohol intoxication (poisoning)?acute alcohol intoxication (poisoning)?

Pg 259Pg 259

The Physiological Effects of AlcoholThe Physiological Effects of Alcohol

You must also be cautious of people who You must also be cautious of people who have drank too much and then vomit.have drank too much and then vomit.

If they are unconscious and vomit they may If they are unconscious and vomit they may asphyxiate and die.asphyxiate and die.

So do not drag the passed out party-goers to So do not drag the passed out party-goers to a bed and leave them laying on their back.a bed and leave them laying on their back.

Place them on their stomach with their head Place them on their stomach with their head lower then the rest of the body.lower then the rest of the body.

And check on them regularly!And check on them regularly!

Alcohol-Related Health ProblemsAlcohol-Related Health Problems Fetal Alcohol Syndrome – characteristic Fetal Alcohol Syndrome – characteristic

birth defects noted in the children of some birth defects noted in the children of some women who consume alcohol during their women who consume alcohol during their pregnanciespregnancies

Effects:Effects: Mental retardation frequently developsMental retardation frequently develops Low birth weightLow birth weight Facial abnormalitiesFacial abnormalities Heart problemsHeart problems

1 – 3 per 1000 births1 – 3 per 1000 births

Alcohol-Related Health ProblemsAlcohol-Related Health Problems

Fetal alcohol effects – a partial expression Fetal alcohol effects – a partial expression of fetal alcohol syndromeof fetal alcohol syndrome

3 – 9 per 1000 births3 – 9 per 1000 births

Alcohol-Related Social ProblemsAlcohol-Related Social Problems

Accidents – motor vehicle collisions, falls, Accidents – motor vehicle collisions, falls, drownings, fires and burnsdrownings, fires and burns

Car crashes – over 17,000 alcohol-related Car crashes – over 17,000 alcohol-related crash deaths in 2004crash deaths in 2004 BAC legal limit is .08%BAC legal limit is .08% Education programsEducation programs RoadblockRoadblock ID checksID checks Zero-tolerance lawsZero-tolerance laws

Alcohol-Related Health ProblemsAlcohol-Related Health Problems

Falls – alcohol is involved in 21-77% of Falls – alcohol is involved in 21-77% of deadly fallsdeadly falls

Drownings – 21-47% of drowning deaths Drownings – 21-47% of drowning deaths involved alcohol useinvolved alcohol use

Fires & Burns – studies indicate that half Fires & Burns – studies indicate that half of burn victims have BACs above the legal of burn victims have BACs above the legal limitlimit

Alcohol-Related Health ProblemsAlcohol-Related Health Problems

Crime and violence:Crime and violence: Alcohol use has been reported in 53-66% of Alcohol use has been reported in 53-66% of

all homicidesall homicides Rapists are intoxicated 50% and victim 30%Rapists are intoxicated 50% and victim 30% Big link between alcohol and other types of Big link between alcohol and other types of

violence and abuseviolence and abuse Suicide – alcoholism playa a role in 30% Suicide – alcoholism playa a role in 30%

of completed suicidesof completed suicides

Hosting a Party ResponsiblyHosting a Party Responsibly Drug synergism – enhancement of a drug’s Drug synergism – enhancement of a drug’s

effect as a result of he presence of additional effect as a result of he presence of additional drugs within the systemdrugs within the system

Host negligence – a legal term that reflects Host negligence – a legal term that reflects the failure of a host to provide reasonable the failure of a host to provide reasonable care and safety for people visiting the host’s care and safety for people visiting the host’s residence or businessresidence or business

Designated driver – a person who abstains Designated driver – a person who abstains from or carefully limits alcohol consumption to from or carefully limits alcohol consumption to be able to safely transport other people who be able to safely transport other people who have been drinkinghave been drinking

Organizations That Support Organizations That Support Responsible DrinkingResponsible Drinking

MADDMADD SADDSADD BACCHUSBACCHUS GAMMAGAMMA

Problem Drinking and AlcoholismProblem Drinking and Alcoholism

Problem drinking – an alcohol use pattern in Problem drinking – an alcohol use pattern in which a drinker’s behavior creates personal which a drinker’s behavior creates personal difficulties or difficulties for other peopledifficulties or difficulties for other people

Alcoholism – a primary, chronic disease with Alcoholism – a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and factors influencing its development and manifestationsmanifestations

Pg 266Pg 266 Is alcoholism an inherited disease?Is alcoholism an inherited disease?

Problem Drinking and AlcoholismProblem Drinking and Alcoholism Denial – psychological mechanism used to Denial – psychological mechanism used to

maintain the drinking behaviormaintain the drinking behavior Enabling – family and friends inadvertently Enabling – family and friends inadvertently

supporting the behavior by denying the supporting the behavior by denying the problemproblem

Codependence – the alcoholic and the Codependence – the alcoholic and the person close to the alcoholic are both person close to the alcoholic are both addictedaddicted

Helping the alcoholic: rehab and recoveryHelping the alcoholic: rehab and recovery Medical treatmentsMedical treatments

Current Alcohol ConcernsCurrent Alcohol Concerns

Adult children of alcoholic parents – these Adult children of alcoholic parents – these people are 4 times more likely to develop people are 4 times more likely to develop alcoholismalcoholism

Pg 269Pg 269 Pg 271Pg 271 Women and alcohol – studies starting to Women and alcohol – studies starting to

show an increase in the % of women who show an increase in the % of women who drink and young women are drinking more drink and young women are drinking more heavilyheavily

Current Alcohol ConcernsCurrent Alcohol Concerns Studies show almost as many female Studies show almost as many female

alcoholics as male alcoholicsalcoholics as male alcoholics 8 pronounced differences between men and 8 pronounced differences between men and

women when it comes to alcohol abuse, pg women when it comes to alcohol abuse, pg 269269

Alcohol advertising:Alcohol advertising: What are some creative ways that are used?What are some creative ways that are used? Are these ways effective?Are these ways effective? Are they good or bad?Are they good or bad? What do you not see?What do you not see?

Current Alcohol ConcernsCurrent Alcohol Concerns

Alcohol advertising in ethnic communities.Alcohol advertising in ethnic communities. Low income Latino and African American Low income Latino and African American

communities have a disproportionate communities have a disproportionate number of alcohol outlets compared to number of alcohol outlets compared to white communities.white communities.

What is different about the advertising What is different about the advertising between different groups?between different groups?

http://www.stanford.edu/class/linguist34/advertisements/alcohol%20ads/index.htm