periodic table of elements a guide to the chemical elements
TRANSCRIPT
History of the Periodic Table
• 1896 1st introduced by Dimitri Mendeleev– Arranged the elements by increasing
atomic mass and element properties
• 1913 Henry Moseley changed the table by arranging the elements by increasing atomic number
• Modern table is divided into rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) in order of increasing atomic number
Areas of the Periodic Table of Elements
A lka li E arth A lka lin e E arth Tran s it ion
M eta ls M eta llo id s
H a log en s N ob e l G ases O th er
N on m eta ls
M a jo r S ec tion s
Metals
• Group IA or 1• All have 1 valence electron• +1 oxidation number• Very reactive, can corrode in air• Soft, malleable, and ductile• Good conductors of electricity• Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium
Li
N
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Alkali Metals
Metals
• Group IIA or 2
• All have 2 valence electrons
• +2 oxidation Number
• Reactive elements
• Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
Ra
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Transition Metals
• Groups III B – VIII B or 3-13
• Have 3 major areas:– Transition– Actinide Series– Lanthanide Series
• + oxidation numbers
• Hg is only liquid at room temperature
MetalloidsB
Si
Sb Te
Po
Ge As • Have both properties of metals and nonmetals
• Are semiconductors; can conduct electricity on a small scale
• Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium
Nonmetals
• Group VII A or 17• Each contains 7 valence electrons• -1 oxidation number• Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, & Astatine• Called halogens, because they often
produce a salt compound• Halogen comes from Greek “Halos” = salt
and “Gen” = born
F
Cl
Br
I
At
Halogens
Nonmetals
• Group VIII A or 18
• Called Nobel or Inert Gases
• All have 8 valence electrons, except
Helium only has 2
• Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton,
Xenon, and Radon
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
Nobel Gases
NonmetalsOther
C N O F
P S Cl
Se Br
I
At
• Groups IV A – VIIA or 14 - 17
• Group 15 has 5 valence electrons, and a –3 oxidation number
• Group 16 has 6 valence electrons, and a –2 oxidation number
•All are gases at room temperature except Br, which is a liquid
Resources:• http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm
Los Alamos Lab Periodic Table• http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/
Periodic Table with pictures• http://www.shef.ac.uk/~chem
/web-elements/ Information on Periodic Table
• http://www.chemicalelements.com/ Chemical Elements.com