the periodic law. mendeleevs periodic table (1872) dmitri mendeleev 1 st to publish an organized...
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The Periodic LawThe Periodic Law
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table (1872)Mendeleev’s Periodic Table (1872)
Dmitri Mendeleev1st to publish an organized table of elements.
Grouped elements by similar chemical properties. Arranged elements by increasing mass.
Henry Moseley (1913)Henry Moseley (1913)
Grouped elements by similar chemical properties.
Arranged elements by increasing atomic number.
Used X-Ray diffraction to determine how many protons are in an atom of an element.
Modern Russian TableModern Russian Table
Chinese Periodic TableChinese Periodic Table
Stowe Periodic TableStowe Periodic Table
A Spiral Periodic TableA Spiral Periodic Table
““Mayan” Mayan” Periodic Periodic
TableTable
Orbital filling tableOrbital filling table
The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
Period
Group or family
PeriodGroup or Family
Properties of MetalloidsProperties of Metalloids
Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.
Nonmetals
Metals
Metalloids
Periodic Table with Group NamesPeriodic Table with Group Names
Inner Transition Metals
Transition
Metals
Alk
ali M
eta
ls
Alk
alin
e E
art
h M
eta
ls
Halo
gen
s
Nob
le G
ases
Boro
n F
am
ily
Carb
on
Fam
ily
Nit
rog
en
Fam
ily
Oxyg
en
Fam
ily
PeriodGroup or Family
Easily lose valence electron (Reducing agents)
React violently with water Large hydration energy React with halogens to
form salts
The Properties of a Group: The Properties of a Group:
the Alkali Metalsthe Alkali Metals
Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Metals are malleable
Metals are ductile
Metals have high tensile strength
Metals have luster
Examples of MetalsExamples of Metals
Potassium, K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene
Zinc, Zn, is more stable than potassium
Copper, Cu, is a relatively soft metal, and a very good electrical conductor.
Mercury, Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature
PropertiesProperties of Nonmetalsof Nonmetals
Carbon, the graphite in “pencil lead” is an example of a nonmetallic element.
Nonmetals are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals tend to be brittle Unlike carbon, (a solid), many nonmetals tend to be gases at room temperature
Examples of NonmetalsExamples of Nonmetals
Sulfur, S, was once known as “brimstone”
Microspheres of phosphorus, P, a reactive nonmetal
Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon, C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure
Properties of MetalloidsProperties of Metalloids
Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.
They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity Some metalloids possess metallic luster
Nonmetals
Metals
Metalloids
Silicon, Si – A MetalloidSilicon, Si – A Metalloid
Silicon has metallic luster Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity
Other metalloids include:
Boron, B Germanium, Ge Arsenic, As Antimony, Sb Tellurium, Te
Periodic means Periodic means Repeating PatternRepeating Pattern. . Do you see a repeating pattern for these 1Do you see a repeating pattern for these 1stst Ionization Ionization
Energies?Energies?
11stst, 2, 2ndnd , and 3 , and 3rdrd, Ionization energies of Magnesium, Ionization energies of Magnesium Mg + 738 kJ Mg+ + e-
Mg+ + 1451 kJ Mg2+ + e-
Mg2+ + 7733 kJ Mg3+ + e-