Periodic Table Flashcards

Group or Family

Column (up & down)

Period or Series

Row (across)

# of valence electrons

Elements in the same column have the

same …

# of principle energy levels

Elements in the same row have the same …

the number of valence electrons

Chemical properties are determined by

one valence electron

Elements in column 1 (IA) have

two valence electrons

Elements in column 2 (IIA) have

Noble gases

The name of the family in column 18 (VIIIA)

Halogens

The name of the family in column 17 (VIIA)

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, & Rn

Elements that are gases at room temperature

Hg (metal) & Br2 (nonmetal)

Elements that are liquids at room temperature

Chemical properties

Elements in the same column have similar

3 valence electrons

Elements in column 13 (IIIA) have

4 valence electrons

Elements in column 14 (IVA) have

Half the diameter of an atom, a measure of size

Atomic radius

Increases as you go down a column (more principle

energy levels) & decreases across a row (greater

effective nuclear charge)

Trends for atomic radius

Alkali Metals

Name of family for column 1

Alkaline Earth Metals

Name of family for column 2

Amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held valence

electron from a gas phase atom

Ionization Energy

X + energy X+ + e-

Ionization

Decreases as you go down a column, increases across

a row

Trends for Ionization Energy

LOSERS

Metals are “_______”

Positive ions

Metals lose electrons to form …

Properties of metals

1) Malleable2) Ductile3) Good conductors of heat &

electricity4) Lustrous5) Low ionization energy6) Low electronegativity

Properties of nonmetals

1) Brittle2) Dull3) Poor conductors of heat &

electricity4) High ionization energy5) High electronegativity

winners

Nonmetals are “_______”

Negative ions

Nonmetals gain electrons to form …

High ionization energies & high electronegativies

Nonmetals have

low ionization energies & low electronegativies

Metals have

Negative ions are

Larger than the parent ion

Positive ions are

smaller than the parent ion

Metalloids are located

On the staircase

Metals are located

To the left of the staircase (except for H!)

Nonmetals are located

To the right of the staircase

Elements in column 15 (VA) have

5 valence electrons

Elements in column 16 (VIA) have

6 valence electrons

Trends for metallic character

Decreases across. Increases down.

Most active metals?

Cs & Fr

Metals are losers. Reactivity of metals is judged by how easily

metals

Lose electrons

Elements with strongest metallic properties are

located

In the lower left corner of the periodic table.

Periodic table is arranged by

Atomic number

Electronegativity

Ability of an atom to attract electrons in a

bond.

Most Electronegative Element

Fluorine

Trends for electronegativity

Increases across & decreases down.

How do we judge the reactivity of Nonmetals?

Nonmetals are winners so we judge the reactivity of

nonmetals by how easily they gain electons.

Trends for nonmetallic character

Increases across and decreases down.

Elements in column 17 (VIIA) have

7 valence electrons

Elements in column 18 (VIIIA) have

8 valence electrons

Form brightly colored salts and solutions

(except Zn)

Transition metal ions

Properties of transition metals (B Group elements)

Hard solidsHigh MPMultiple oxidation statesIons have color

Allotropes

Different forms of the same element in the

same phase.

Allotropes

Have different structures so they have different chemical

& physical properties.

Allotropes of oxygen

O2 and O3

Allotropes of carbon

Graphite, diamond, & buckminsterfullerine (C60)

Lewis Structures

Use dots to represent valence electrons.

Lewis Structures

Na Br

Al Mg

S• • •

• •• •

• •

• •

• •

••• • •

•

Oxidation Number

The charge on an atom when it has an octet in

the valence level.

Oxidation #’s

Group Oxidation #

1 +1

2 +2

13 +1, +3

14 +2, +4

15 +3, +5, -3

16 Mostly -2

17 -1

18 0

General formula for a metal from Group 1 +

oxygen

M2O

General formula for a metal from Group 2 +

oxygen

MO

General formula for a metal from Group 1 + a

halogen

MX

General formula for a metal from Group 2 + a

halogen

MX2