periodic table reviewperiodic table review. the periodic table is a tool for organizing the...
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Periods Each row is called a “period” The elements in each period have the same number of shellsTRANSCRIPT
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Periodic Table Review
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The periodic table is a tool for organizing the elements.
A row of elements is called a period.
A column of elements is called a group or family.
The zigzag line reminds you where the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids are.•Metals are to the left•Nonmetals are to the right•Metalloids are along the line
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Periods •Each row is called a “period”
1st Period = 1 Orbital/Shell2nd Period = 2 Orbitals/Shells3rd Period = 3 Orbitals/Shells4th Period = 4 Orbitals/Shells
•The elements in each period have the same number of shells
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Groups
•Each column is called a “group”
•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
Group 1a = 1 valence electron
Group 2a = 2 valence electrons
Group 8a = 8 valence electrons
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
•The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”www.chem4kids.com
3a,4a,5a,6a,7a
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Groups and Valence
Group # 11A
22A
133A
144A
155A
166A
177A
188A
# of valence electrons
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Discussion: Groups and Valence Electrons
• The elements in a group have similar properties and react/behave in similar ways.
• Valence electrons are those located in the outermost energy level of an atom– Atoms are “happy” and stable when their outermost energy
level is full – all of the Noble gases in group 18 are this way.
– Atoms are reactive with other atoms when their outermost energy level is not full.
– Atoms in the same group have the same # of valence electrons except the transition metals which do not follow the same pattern
– Elements in a family increase in reactivity as you move down.
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Transition Metals
•Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.
•This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.
www.chem4kids.com
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• Alkali Metals - 1 valence electron – Most reactive group of metals
• Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons- Very reactive metals
• Halides/Halogens - 7 valence electrons – Most reactive group of non-metal
• Noble Gases - Complete outer shells – Most un-reactive elements
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Alkali Metals
AlkalineEarthMetals
BoronFamily
CarbonFamily
NitrogenFamily
OxygenFamily Halides
Noble Gases
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Time for…..
B I N G O
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I AM IN GROUP 2 ANDPERIOD 3
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I HAVE 2 ORBITALSAND 6 PROTONS
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I HAVE 9 ELECTRONS AND AM IN GROUP 17
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I HAVE 7 VALENCE ELECTRONSAND AM IN PERIOD 3
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I HAVE A SIMILAR REACTIVITY TO HELIUM AND 18 PROTONS
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I HAVE 0 NEUTRONS, 1 PROTON, AND AM IN GROUP 1
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I HAVE A SIMILAR REACTIVITY TO HYDROGEN AND 19 PROTONS
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I AM A NON-METAL IN PERIOD 3 AND HAVE 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS
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I AM A METAL WITH 24 ELECTRONS
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I HAVE TWO VALENCE ELECTRONS AND 4 ORBITALS
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I HAVE A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS OF 7 AND I AM IN GROUP 1
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I AM A METAL IN PERIOD 4 WITH A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS OF 48
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I HAVE 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS AND 15 TOTAL ELECTRONS
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I AM IN PERIOD 2 AND HAVE 5 NEUTRONS
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I AM A NOBLE GAS, I AM VERY UN-REACTIVE, AND I HAVE 10 ELECTRONS
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I AM IN GROUP 13, PERIOD 2
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I AM IN PERIOD 3 AND HAVE A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS OF 27
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I LIKE TO COMBINE WITH HYDROGEN. I HAVE 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS AND 8 ELECTRONS
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I AM IN PERIOD 3 AND AM IN THE MOST REACTIVE GROUP OF METALS
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I AM VERY UN-REACTIVE, I HAVE 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS BUT I AM IN GROUP 18
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I HAVE 4 ORBITALS AND 23 PROTONS
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I HAVE 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS AND 14 ELECTRONS
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I HAVE 4 ORBITALS AND A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS OF 45
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I HAVE 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS AND AM IN PERIOD 2