period 2: 1607 - 1754
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Period 2: 1607 - 1754. Colonization. Key Concept 2.1. Europeans and American Indians maneuvered and fought for dominance, control, and security in North America, and distinctive colonial and native societies emerged. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Period 2: 1607 - 1754Colonization
Key Concept 2.1Europeans and American Indians
maneuvered and fought for dominance, control, and security in North America, and distinctive colonial and native societies emerged.
Differences in imperial goals, cultures, and the North American environments that different empires confronted led Europeans to develop diverse patterns of colonization.
Spanish, French, Dutch, and British Had different patterns of
colonizationSpain had tight control over
colonization with work to convert and/or exploit the native population.
French and Dutch sent few Europeans and sought trade agreements and intermarriage with American Indians.
English ColonizationSought to establish colonies
based on agricultureSent a large number of men,
women and families to acquire land and populate the settlement.
Had relatively hostile relationships with the American Indians.
CharacteristicsUnlike Spanish, French, and
Dutch colonies, The English colonies attracted both males and females who rarely intermarried with either native peoples or Africans, leading to the development of a rigid racial hierarchy
England in the New World: Chesapeake Reading AssignmentRoanokeRichard HakluytIndentured servantsJamestownHeadright systemHouse of BurgessesUprising of 1622TobaccoJohn SmithJohn RolfeStarving Time
Reasons for Colonization in 17th CenturyNational pride led to empire
buildingReligious
◦Henry VIII began the Reformation in England that led to religious strife between the Catholics and Protestants
◦Viewed it a divine mission to populate with protestants
Trade would increase wealthOvercrowding in England
Settling the ChesapeakeRoanokeJamestown (1607)
◦Starving Time◦John Smith organized efforts◦The Virginia Company◦Headright System◦House of Burgesses / 1st elected
representative body in America◦Tobacco / John Rolfe◦Little or no sense of family
Relationship with NativesAt first cooperative and peacefulUprising of 1622 / as tensions
result from the fact that the English are staying.
Tobacco growth resulted in large dispersed plantations in need of a large labor force
Indentured servants and Native Americans supplied that force.
Planter social strata emerged
Colony of MarylandEstablished as a protected
location for colonial CatholicsOtherwise history is similar to
Jamestown◦Period of starvation and death◦Followed by the salvation of tobacco◦Also established a plantation social
structure
Emergence of African SlaveryThe abundance of land, a shortage of
indentured servants, the lack of an effective means to enslave native peoples, and the growing European demand for colonial goods led to the emergence of the Atlantic slave trade.
Strong belief in British racial and cultural superiority led to enslaving black people in perpetuity.
Africans developed both overt and covert means to resist the dehumanizing aspects of slavery. (rebellion, sabotage, escape)
Other Southern ColoniesThe Carolinas
◦North and South◦Planters from Barbados◦Extended plantation society
Georgia◦Buffer state between English
colonies and Spanish Florida◦Settled by “good” prisoners from
England
New England ColoniesReading AssignmentPuritanismJohn CalvinPilgrimsMayflower CompactJohn WinthropGreat Migration of 1629Religious UniformityRoger WilliamsAnne HutchinsonPequot War
New England Colonies
The New England colonies, founded primarily by Puritans seeking to establish a community of like-minded religious believers, developed a close-knit homogeneous society and – aided by favorable environmental conditions – a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce.
PuritanismFollowed the beliefs of John
Calvin /world was divided into two groups – the elect and the damned.
Hard work and prosperity would indicate that you were among the elect (Puritan Work Ethic)
Showed little tolerance for other faiths and / dissenters
Came to America to escape “corruption” of England
Plymouth, 1620Mayflower was blown off course and
landed in MassachusettsSettled by Pilgrims (Separatists)Signed the Mayflower Compact (first
written frame of government in what is now the United States
Autumn of 1621celebrated at the first Thanksgiving
Eventually overshadowed by Massachusetts Bay to its north.
Family as Ordained by the ChurchMale is the head of the
household. However, the wives were considered spiritual equals of men.
The ideal Puritan marriage was based on reciprocal affection and companionship and divorce was legal – but not often sought.
Government in New EnglandEach town was self-governing and
stressed individualism and social unity.Each town had a church and a schoolHarvard College, 1636Puritan democracy was only for those
within the church.Church and state are closely
connectedTolerance of difference was not high on
the list of Puritan values.
More Colonies AppearBanished from Massachusetts
because of his belief in the separation of church and state, Roger Williams founds Rhode Island.
Thomas Hooker establishes Connecticutt
Anne Hutchinson is banished for her criticism of the church
New Hampshire established with Massachusetts overflow
Middle ColoniesThe demographically, religiously,
and ethnically diverse middle colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops.
Pennsylvania – William Penn – Refuge for Quakers (Society of Friends)
New York – purchased from the Dutch
DelawareNew Jersey
The Pequot WarView and discuss “The Massacre
at Mystic” from the series Ten Days that Unexpectedly Changed America.
Cultures are ChangedContinuing contact with Europeans
increased the flow of trade goods and diseases into and out of native communities, stimulating cultural and demographic changes.
By supplying American Indian allies with deadlier weapons and alcohol and by rewarding Indian military actions, Europeans helped increase the intensity and destructiveness of American Indian warfare.