perancangan pabrik dan produk - need, spec, konsep, seleksi, flow sheeting
TRANSCRIPT
Find Needs
1. Chemical Product Design - Toward a Perspective Through Case Studies, Ng, 2007
2. Design and Development of Biological, Chemical, Food and Pharmaceutical Products, Wesselingh, 2007
3. Product Design and Development, Ulrich, 2004
4. Product and Process Design Principles, 2nd Ed, Seider
REFERENCE
Identifikasi Kebutuhan Konsumen Tetapkan spesifikasi produk Ciptakan konsep-konsep (ide) produk Pilih konsep(-konsep) produk Formulasi produk (skala lab) Flowsheeting Estimasi biaya Penentuan alat Scale-up
TAHAP DESAIN PRODUK KIMIA
Sustaining and disruptive development
Sustaining Changes
Fogging due to condensation of water vapourbetween the two glass layers
A twenty-year old Attica windowA twenty-year old Attica window
Sustaining Changes
Construction of Attica windowsConstruction of Attica windows
Sustaining Changes
Project scope for the Attica improvementProject scope for the Attica improvement
Sustaining Changes
The steps to assessing the customer needs.The steps to assessing the customer needs.
Sustaining Changes
Customer statement list (shortened)Customer statement list (shortened)
Sustaining Changes
Grouping of the needs (shortened)Grouping of the needs (shortened)
Sustaining Changes
Rank needs:1. undesirable
2. not important
3. nice to have
4. highly desirable
5. essential
Grouped list of needs (shortened)Grouped list of needs (shortened)
Disruptive Changes
A disruptive proposal: vacuum windowsA disruptive proposal: vacuum windows
convection
more expensive less attractive?
Disruptive Changes
Problems of any investorProblems of any investor
Disruptive Changes
Suggestions with disruptive ideasSuggestions with disruptive ideas
Summary of the Method
Specify the Product
SPESIFIKASI PRODUK
Spesifikasi produk: Mengubah kebutuhan masyarakat menjadi besaran yang
dapat diukur (kuantifikasi)
Contoh: PASTA GIGI (toothpaste)
List of NeedsList of needs with ranksList of needs with ranks
The Method
List of Metrics
RDA: Relative Dentine AbrasivityPa:Pa.s:y/n:
List of Metrics
A matrix of needs and metricsA matrix of needs and metrics
The Competition
Parts of the needs chartParts of the needs chart
List of Specifications
Using Models
Two technical models of toothpasteTwo technical models of toothpaste
Using Models
Comparing different designs (economical design)Comparing different designs (economical design)
Looking Back
Apakah produk Anda terbaik? Jika tidak, dan Anda tidak dapat memperbaikinya hentikan!
Apakah pasar produk terbaik? Jika ya teruskan!
Create Concepts
Bio-fouling of Ships
First set of specificationsFirst set of specifications
Creating Concepts
The method for creating conceptsThe method for creating concepts
Splitting (Decomposing)
Splitting: to split the problem into sub-problems to analyse sub-functions.
Splitting a problem by splitting its nameSplitting a problem by splitting its name
Splitting (Decomposing)
What happens on a non-protected ship?What happens on a non-protected ship?
Splitting (Decomposing)
Getting ideas from the current methodGetting ideas from the current method
Searching for Existing Ideas
Sources (external information): Lead users – customers who are ahead of others
in exploiting the limits of your products Experts (consultants or university people), Patent literature, Open literature, Meetings (trade fairs or symposia), Products and product descriptions from the
competition.
Forming New Concepts
Guidelines: Suspend judgement on ideas in this stage Do not criticize Welcome daft ideas as these often lead to other
ideas Use graphical and physical media such as
blackboards in group sessions. Trick:
to avoid vertical thinking (use lateral thinking)
Forming New Concepts
Using lateral thinkingUsing lateral thinking
Using Concept Trees
Concept tree of existing anti-fouling conceptsConcept tree of existing anti-fouling concepts
Brainstorming
Concepts Remaining after a First Selection
SELECT A CONCEPT
CONCEPT SCREENING
Kebutuhan Konsep rujukan
Konsep A Konsep B Konsep C
…… 0 - + -
…… 0 + + +
…… 0 + - 0
…… 0 0 + -
Jumlah (-) 0 1 3 2
Jumlah (+) 0 2 1 1
Jumlah bersih 0 1 2 -1
Gabung Kembangkan Tinggalkan
CONCEPT SELECTION
CONCEPT TESTING
Informasi penerimaan konsumen akan konsep produk yang dipilih.
Teknik: Wawancara Questioner
FLOWSHEETING
METODE
FLOW DIAGRAM
NERACA MASSA
NERACA ENERGI