peracetic acid disinfection the good, the bad, and the …peracetic acid. paa, peroxyacetic acid,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PERACETIC ACID DISINFECTION The Good, the Bad, and the …PERACETIC ACID. PAA, peroxyacetic acid, Ethaneperoxoicacid. PAA • Colorless, Vinegar Odor, Non flammable, and Soluble •](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053018/5f1fe9256d070c71064126a1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2019 Englewood PWO
PERACETIC ACID DISINFECTIONThe Good, the Bad, and the Slimy
Nikki Stephens
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SafetyMomentAGENDA
1. PAA
2. The Good and Bad and Slimy
3. The Future
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Property ValueColor Clear, colorless
Odor Vinegar, pungent
pH <1
Ev 1.81 V
Freezing Point <-20 °F
Specific Gravity 1.14 g/mL
Disinfectant EV (volts)
-OH 2.80
Ozone 2.07
Peracetic acid 1.81
Chlorine dioxide 1.57
Sodium hypochlorite 1.36
PERACETIC ACIDPAA, peroxyacetic acid, Ethaneperoxoic acid
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PAA• Colorless, Vinegar Odor, Non flammable, and Soluble• pH: <1 (1:10 dilution), SG 1.135 g/ml (9.58 lbs/gal) • Flash point >207°F, Freeze Point <-20°F
Physical data
• Reactive with bases, metals, reducing agents, and combustible materials.Reactivity data
• Corrosive to soft metals, wood, nylon, common paint, cotton, leather, rubberCorrosivity data
• Stable up to 1 year under normal conditionsThermal and
chemical stability data
• Reacts violently with incompatible materials and high heat, produces Oxygen gas and steam during rapid decomposition.
Hazardous effects of contamination
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SafetyMoment
PAA catalytically decomposes when contaminated. The reaction is exothermic.
https://envirotech.com/
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CAPITALO&M
• Easy retrofit• Low freezing point• Less wear and tear• Less chemical
• No ammonia• No quenching?
• Long shelf life, stable• Shorter contact times
Reduce DBPs
Lower Toxicity
•Strong oxidizer
No nitrite lock
Reduces TSS
Increases DO
PAA Drivers
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Proxitane® WW-12 VigorOx® WWT II BioSideTM HS 15% Peraclean®15 Peragreen®
22WW
EPA Registration (date of registration)
68660-1 (2013)
65402-3 (2008)
63838-2 (2015)
54289-4(2015)
63838-20 (2015)
Application Rateand Allowable Residual
0.5 – 10 mg/L<1.0 mg/L
0.5 – 15 ppm<1.0 mg/L, if DF>12, 0.09*DF
0.5 – 10 mg/L<1.0 mg/L
0.5 – 15 ppm<1.0 mg/L
0.5 – 10 mg/L<1.0 mg/L
Peracetic Acid (CH3COOOH) 12% 15% 15% 15% 22%
EPA registration ≠ “permitability”
State Allowable PAA Residual (ppm)
Alabama 1 mg/L
Arkansas Up to 2 mg/L in trials
California Allowing trials for underperforming UV systems
Colorado 0.4 mg/L (30-d ave) at DF=0; >0.7 mg/L daily max
Florida 1 mg/L, but require a minimum dose of 2 mg/L
Georgia 1 mg/L (trials)
Illinois Initially 1 mg/L for trials, but has since been rescinded
Iowa 0.7 mg/L
Kentucky Per engineer recommendation, generally 1 mg/L
Missouri 1 mg/L as a daily max, 0.7 mg/L as a monthly ave
New Jersey 1 mg/L for trials (under review)
Ohio 0.33 mg/L (Steubenville, OH)
Oklahoma 1 mg/L (Guidance published August 2017)
Oregon 1 mg/L, requiring monitoring of enteric viruses
Tennessee 0.4 mg/L for low DF; site specific for high DF, up to 2 mg/L has been permitted
Texas Anticipate EPA label (1 mg/L); GCWDA did not reopen permit
Washington Anticipate EPA label (pilot testing being conducted with 1 mg/L)
BALLAST WATER 0.5 mg/L as PAA per USCG 33 CFR Part 151
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The Good and The Bad
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CAPEX
• Retrofit• Less contact
time• Tanks and
pumps• Vendor
packages• Outdoor storage• Stable• Longer
equipment life
• 316 SS/ compatible materials
• Planning for decomp reactions
• Odor
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Operations & Maintenance
• Less chemicals
• Less chemical• Smaller
system• Long shelf life• Less leaks• Low energy
• Few suppliers• High unit cost• Nuisance slime• Decomp risk• Adds cBOD• Lowers pH
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The Non-$ Factors Performance/reliability Permitability No Cl DBPs Lower Toxicity No lasting residual No nitrite lock Reduce TSS Increase DO Emerging contaminants UV Synergy/ AOP potential Viruses Benefits to downstream users GHG reduction from less truck hauling
1
10
100
1,000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
E. c
oli (
MPN
/100
mL)
Contact Time
E. coli vs. Contact Time
1 ppm PAA, 7/18
1 ppm PAA, 7/23
1ppm PAA, 7/26
1ppm PAA, 7/31
1.5ppm PAA, 7/25
1.5 ppm PAA, 7/19
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The Slimy
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The Slimy
Vince Chui
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Residual Measurement
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The Future
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Control StrategiesEvery drop counts
Straight Flow-Paced Qeff, PAA Dose SP
Straight Flow-Paced with Residual Trim Qeff, PAA Dose SP, PAAFinal
Integrated CT* Qeff, CT SP, PAAInitial
Integrated CT* with Residual Trim Qeff, CT SP, PAAInitial, PAAFinal
Residual SP Residual SP, PAAInitial AND/OR PAAFinal
Feed Forward Qeff, WQPre, PAAInitial OR E.coliInitial
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Integrated CT
Manoli et al., Water Research 2019, 11, 0043-13554
C(t) = (C0 – D)e-kt
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Feed Forward ControlFeed Forward Qeff, WQPre, PAAInitia lOR E.coliInitial
C(t) = (C0 – D)e-kt
D(WQpre) OR ln(N/No)(WQpre)
Like UVT for UV or ORP for Cl
COD
Color
TSS
UVT
SAC
Temp
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Dunkin et al., Environ. Sci Technol. 2017, 51, 2972-2981.
PAA Efficacy for Virus Inactivation
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WERF StudyNational
LIFT14T16 - Evaluating Peracetic Acid as a Disinfection Alternative in Wastewater Treatment
Task 1 – Literature Review
Task 2 – Survey
Task 3 – Regulatory Workshops
Task 4 – Demonstration Studies
Task 5 – Guidance Document
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Proposed Path Forward WRF Regulator Workshops
Regulations
• Develop federal water quality criteria
• Develop state water quality criteria for PAA
• Challenges:
• Decomposition kinetics
• Lack of flow-through data
• More testing is needed
• Treat PAA like ozone or UV and use the WET test
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PAA Design Guidance ManualWater Environment Federation
STAY TUNED….
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THANKS