peptic ulcerss
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Peptic ulcer( STOMACH ULCER )
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What is Peptic
Ulcer?
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Photograph of a peptic ulcer
taken during an upper
endoscopy. This ulcer is a
gastric ulcer in the stomach.
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PEPTIC ULCER
It is an erosion in the mucous membranes of
the digestive that produces a crater-like lesion.
Peptic ulcer disease is a problem of thegastrointestinal tract characterized by mucosaldamage secondary to pepsin and gastric acidsecretion.
Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help
you digest food damage the walls of the
stomach or duodenum.
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Patients may develop
internal bleeding, or the ulcercan eat a hole right through
the wall of the either the
stomach or the small intestine.
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TYPES OF PEPTIC ULCER
The two most common types of peptic ulcer
are called Gastric ulcers and Duodenal
ulcers. These names refer to the location
where the ulcer is found.
Gastric ulcers are located in the stomach
Duodenal ulcers are found at the beginning of
the small intestine known as the duodenum.
A person may have both gastric and duodenal
ulcers at the same time.
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( 55 65 yrs )
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Gastro-intestinal
tract
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What is the
cause?
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Helicobacterpylori
It is a bacterium that lives in the stomach
of infected people.
H. pylori infection increases gastricacidity, leading to ulcer formation.
Infection with the bacterium H. pylori is
found in 90100% of duodenal ulcerpatients, and 70% of gastric ulcer
patients.
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Helicobacterpylori
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
It is a group of medications typically used
to treat pain.
NSAIDs cause ulcers by interrupting theability of the stomach and the duodenum
to protect themselves from naturally
occurring stomach acid. NSAIDs also can interfere with blood
clotting.
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Other cause:
Low levels of vitamin C, E, and other
antioxidants in the gastrointestinal lining.
Smoking causes increased frequency ofulcer formation.
Milk increases the production of gastric
juices.
Food allergies
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Who is at risk?
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RISK INCREASES WITH
Male sex: peptic ulcers are roughly twice as
common in men as in women; duodenal
ulcers are four times more common in men
than in women.
Frequent use of antacids or drugs
Frequent NSAID use (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen,
acetaminophen).
Has Helicobacter pylori infection.
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RISK INCREASES WITH
Type O blood group (for duodenal ulcers):
persons with this blood type typically secrete
more stomach acid than those with the other
blood types.
Disease-promoting diet: a diet based on
animal products and processed foods.
Smokers and frequent drinking of softdrinks.
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Sign and Symptoms
Duodenal Ulcer symptoms:
1. Pain that awakens patients from
sleep.
2. Burning or gnawing sensation in
the upper abdomen.
3. Pain in the back, lower
abdomen or chest area may
occasionally occur.
4. Pain that occurs when thestomach is empty (about two
hours after a mean or during
the night). Relief frequently
occurs after eating.
Gastric Ulcer symptoms:
1. Gastric ulcer pain may be less severe
than duodenal ulcer pain and is
noticeably higher in the abdomen.
2. Eating may increase pain rather than
relieve pain
3. Pain is described as aching, nagging,
cramping or dull
4. Other symptoms may include nausea,
vomiting and weight loss
Some ulcers may produce nosymptoms at all. However, occasional
painless bleeding, anemia (low blood
count), or the passage of black,tarry
stool may be the first sign of peptic
ulcer disease.
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Other symptoms:
Pain may be severe enough to cause wakening
from a sound sleep.
Pain typically lasts 30 min to 3 hours.
Positive test for blood in the stool.
Nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss.
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HOW ARE PEPTIC ULCER
DIAGNOSED?
X-ray your doctor may have you drink
barium, a chalky liquid that shows up on
an x-ray and outlines your stomach andduodenum.
Endoscopy this is a more accurate
method of diagnosing ulcer disease. Thisexam allows the doctor to look into your
stomach and duodenum with a lighted
flexible tube.
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RECOMMENDATION
Medications medications that decrease the
amount of acid produced by the stomach are
used to provide quick pain relief and promote
rapid healing.
Aspirin and anti-inflammatory products
should be avoided.
Frequent meals and milk diets actually
stimulate acid and can be less helpful.
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RECOMMENDATION
Avoid whatever foods might cause
discomfort, such as alcohol, caffeine
beverages (coffee and pop), fatty foods,and highly seasoned foods.
Avoid eating at least two hours before
bedtime. Avoid spicy food.
STOPSMOKING!!!!!!
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summary
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