Transforming America’s Energy Future

Energy Profile Developed by

Pennsylvania

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Summary

The first edition of the Pennsylvania Energy Profile is offered by the National Association forState Energy Officials (NASEO) and the Kentucky Department for Energy Development andIndependence (DEDI) to function as a quick reference for energy information particular to theCommonwealth of Pennsylvania. Data has been collected for the most-recent year available from avariety of sources such as the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA), the Bureau for Economic Analysis (BEA), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS),and the U.S. Census. This document provides data on the dynamics of energy expenditures, energyconsumption, energy production, and electricity generation that describe the economy ofPennsylvania. Summary state-level statistics are provided in aggregate, as well as for specific sectors of the economy and individual commodities. Overall, Pennsylvania was net importer of energy in2010, maintained an industrial sector that was the leading consumer of energy resources, and hadelectricity rates higher than most other states.

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Table of Contents

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Pennsylvania Energy Expenditures ........................................................................ 7

Pennsylvania Gross Domestic Product & Population ............................................. 8

Pennsylvania Energy Consumption ....................................................................... 9

Industrial Sector & Commercial Sector .................................................. 10

Residential Sector & Transportation Sector ........................................... 11

Pennsylvania Energy Intensity per Capita ............................................................ 12

Pennsylvania Energy Intensity per Real GDP Dollar ............................................ 13

Pennsylvania Electricity ...................................................................................... 14

Pennsylvania Electricity Intensity per Capita ........................................................ 15

Pennsylvania Electricity Intensity per Real GDP Dollar ........................................ 16

Pennsylvania Renewable Energy ......................................................................... 17

Pennsylvania Natural Gas ................................................................................... 18

Pennsylvania Power Plant Emissions .................................................................. 19

Pennsylvania Electricity Prices ............................................................................. 20

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Pennsylvania Energy Expenditures

Sector Million ($ US) PercentageTotal 48,701 100%

Transporation 20,776 43%Residential 12,589 26%Industrial 8,395 17%

Commercial 6,942 14%

In 2010, total energy expenditures in Pennsylvania were48.7 billion dollars, an increase of 13% from 2009. Dividingthese costs by economic sector, the transporation sectoraccounted for the largest amount of energy expenditures in2010.

Fuel Type Million ($ US) PercentageTotal 48,701 100%

Electricity 15,222 31%Gasoline 14,410 30%

Diesel 7,860 16%Natural Gas 7,054 14%

Coal 3,604 7%

Analyzing energy expenditures by fuel type, the purchaseof electricity was the highest concentration of expendituresin Pennsylvania in 2010. Compared with 2009, totalelectricity expenditures displayed an increase of 12% in2010.

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Gross Domestic Product

Rural & Urban Population Gross Domestic Product per Capita

Energy Expenditures & GDP

Pennsylvania Energy Expenditures

In 2010, citizens, institutions, and firms in Pennsylvania onaverage spent $0.09 on energy commodities and/or energy consumption to produce $1 of state gross domestic product.This energy expenditure level per dollar of economic outputrose by 9% compared with 2009.

The state gross domestic product per capita of Pennsylvaniain 2011 was $43,990. Compared with 2010, state grossdomestic product per capita rose by 2%. This statistic usesnominal income data adjusted for inflation to 2010 dollars.

The state gross domestic product of Pennsylvania was$560.6 billion in 2011. In that year, the state GDP ofPennsylvania rose by less than 1% in inflation-adjusted2010 dollars. Since the year 2000, the state gross domesticproduct of Pennsylvania has risen by 12%.

In 2011, the population of Pennsylvania was estimated to bearound 12 million, with the majority of the populationlocated in urban areas throughout the state. Since the year2000, the population of Pennsylvania has risen byapproximately 4%.

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Sector Billion Btu PercentageTotal 3,758,834 100%

Industrial 1,134,835 30%Transporation 993,171 26%

Residential 943,875 25%Commercial 686,954 18%

In 2010, total energy consumption in Pennsylvania was 3.76quadrillion Btu, an increase of 3% from 2009. Dividing thisconsumption by economic sector, the industrial sectoraccounted for the largest amount of energy consumption in2010.

Fuel Type Billion Btu PercentageTotal* 3,758,834 100%

Petroleum 1,312,956 29%Coal 1,310,956 29%

Natural Gas 889,177 20%Nuclear 813,462 18%

Renewables 155,708 3%

Characterizing energy consumption by fuel type orcommodity, the use of petroleum was the highestconcentration of energy consumption in Pennsylvania in2010. Compared with 2009, the consumption of petroleumproducts rose by less than 1% in 2010. *Pennsylvaniaexported 700,951 Billion Btu of electricity in 2010, which issubtracted from the summation of in-state energyconsumption.

Pennsylvania Energy Consumption

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Pennsylvania Energy Consumption

Fuel Type Billion Btu PercentageNet Consumed* 812,735 100%

Petroleum 224,750 28%Natural Gas 208,730 26%

Coal 186,495 23%Electricity 155,101 19%

Wood Products 31,761 4%

In 2010, net industrial energy consumption in Pennsylvaniawas 812,735 billion Btu, an increase of 9% from 2009.Accounting for energy use across fuels, petroleumrepresented the largest amount of industrial energyconsumption in 2010. *Net energy consumption does notinclude the associated energy losses of electricity generation and transmission; therefore, the sum of fuel inputs may differfrom the total energy directly consumed by end-users.

Fuel Type Billion Btu PercentageNet Consumed* 351,329 100%

Electricity 161,614 46%Natural Gas 146,863 42%Petroleum 33,306 9%

Wood Products 4,639 1%Coal 4,186 1%

Net commercial energy consumption in Pennsylvania fell byless than 1% in 2010 to over 351,329 billion Btu. During2010, electricity constituted the largest portion ofcommercial energy consumption and rose by 2% comparedwith 2009. *Net energy consumption does not include theassociated energy losses of electricity generation andtransmission; therefore, the sum of fuel inputs may differfrom the total energy directly consumed by end-users.

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Pennsylvania Energy Consumption

Fuel Type Billion Btu PercentageNet Consumed* 552,369 100%

Natural Gas 231,874 42%Electricity 188,523 34%Petroleum 113,723 21%

Wood 15,120 3%Geothermal 1,296 <1%

Net residential sector energy consumption was 552,369billion Btu in Pennsylvania in 2010. This amount was anincrease of 2% compared with 2009. Overall, residentialenergy consumption was led by natural gas use in 2010.*Net energy consumption does not include the associatedenergy losses of electricity generation and transmission;therefore, the sum of fuel inputs may differ from the totalenergy directly consumed by end-users.

Fuel Type Billion Btu PercentageNet Consumed 986,885 100%

Gasoline 633,919 64%Diesel 215,936 22%

Jet Fuel 70,572 7%Natural Gas 49,528 5%

All Other 9,052 1%

In 2010, the transportation sector of Pennsylvania consumed986,885 billion Btu of energy commodities. This totalreflected an increase of 1% in transportation energyconsumption compared with the previous year.Unsurprisingly, gasoline was the largest source oftransportation sector energy consumption in 2010.

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Pennsylvania Energy Intensity

State MMBtu per Capita RankWyoming 113 1st

Pennsylvania 54 38thHawaii 29 50th

Pennsylvania ranked 38th lowest nationally for commercialenergy consumption per capita in 2010, a decrease of lessthan 1% compared with 2009. (MMBtu = 1 Million Btu).

State MMBtu per Capita RankLouisiana 595 1st

Pennsylvania 89 27thNew York 18 50th

Industrial energy consumption per capita in Pennsylvaniawas 27th lowest in the country in 2010. Compared with2009, industrial energy use per capita rose by 7%.

State MMBtu per Capita RankNorth Dakota 99 1stPennsylvania 74 30th

Hawaii 25 50th

Pennsylvania's residential sector consumed 74 Million Btu ofenergy per capita in 2010, an increase of 2% from 2009.Pennsylvania ranked 30th lowest by state.

State MMBtu per Capita RankAlaska 295 1st

Pennsylvania 78 38thNew York 54 50th

Transportation energy consumption per capita inPennsylvania fell by less than 1% in 2010. Pennsylvaniaranked 38th lowest in the country for this metric.

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Pennsylvania Energy Intensity

State Btu / $US GDP RankLouisiana 17,493 1st

Pennsylvania 6,725 29thNew York 3,303 50th

Pennsylvania ranked 29th lowest for energy consumptionused to produce one dollar of state GDP in 2010. Thismeasurement rose by less than 1% compared with 2009.

State Btu / $US GDP RankLouisiana 11,636 1st

Pennsylvania 2,030 26thNew York 307 50th

Industrial energy consumption per dollar of state GDP inPennsylvania was 26th lowest in 2010. Compared with2009, industrial energy intensity rose by 5%.

State Btu / $US GDP RankMontana 2,095 1st

Pennsylvania 1,229 33rdHawaii 607 50th

Pennsylvania's commercial sector ranked 33rd lowest for theratio of energy use to state GDP dollar in 2010, a decreaseof 2% from 2009.

State Btu / $US GDP RankAlaska 4,415 1st

Pennsylvania 1,777 37thNew York 923 50th

Transportation sector energy intensity per state GDP dollarin Pennsylvania fell by 2% in 2010. Overall, Pennsylvaniaranked 37th lowest in the country for this metric.

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Sector Gigawatt Hours PercentageTotal 148,820 100%

Residential 54,739 37%Industrial 49,605 33%

Commercial 43,621 29%

In 2011, citizens, institutions, and firms in Pennsylvaniaconsumed 148,820 gigawatt-hours of electricity. Comparedwith 2010, total electricity consumption fell by less than 1%.Dividing electricity consumption by economic sector,residential customers were the largest consumers ofelectricity in Pennsylvania in 2011.

Fuel Type Gigawatt Hours PercentageTotal 228,240 100%Coal 100,541 44%

Nuclear 76,147 33%Natural Gas 42,371 19%

Hydro 2,984 1%Wind 1,968 1%

Electric power facilities in Pennsylvania generated over228,240 gigawatt-hours of electricity in 2011. The use ofcoal represented the largest portion of this electricity,accounting for 100,541 gigawatt-hours. Overall, electricitygeneration fell by 1% verus the previous year.

Pennsylvania Electricity

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State MWh per Capita RankWyoming 30.5 1st

Pennsylvania 11.7 35thCalifornia 6.7 50th

At 11.7 MWh, Pennsylvania ranked 35th lowest nationallyfor total electricity consumption per capita in 2011, adecrease of less than 1% from 2010.

State MWh per Capita RankWyoming 17.9 1st

Pennsylvania 3.9 23rdNew York 0.7 50th

Industrial electricity consumption per capita in Pennsylvaniawas 23rd highest in 2011. Versus 2010, industrial electricityconsumption per capita rose by 9%.

State MWh per Capita RankLouisiana 7.1 1st

Pennsylvania 4.3 23rdHawaii 2.1 50th

Residents of Pennsylvania used on average 4.3 MWh ofelectricity in 2011. Representing a decrease of 1%, thisamount ranked Pennsylvania 23rd highest by state.

State MWh per Capita RankWyoming 7.6 1st

Pennsylvania 3.4 45thHawaii 2.4 50th

Pennsylvania's commercial electricity consumption per capitafell by 8% in 2011 to 3.4 MWh. Overall, Pennsylvaniaranked 45th lowest in the country for this metric.

Pennsylvania Electricity Intensity

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State kWh / $ US GDP RankKentucky 0.56 1st

Pennsylvania 0.27 32ndAlaska 0.13 50th

Pennsylvania ranked 32nd lowest nationally for totalelectricity consumption per state GDP dollar in 2011. Thisamount fell by less than 1% to 0.27 kWh per dollar for the

State kWh / $ US GDP RankWyoming 0.28 1st

Pennsylvania 0.09 21stNew York 0.01 50th

Industrial electricity consumption per state GDP dollar inPennsylvania was 21st highest in the country in 2011. Versus 2010, industrial electricity intensity rose by 9%.

State kWh / $ US GDP RankMississippi 0.21 1st

Pennsylvania 0.10 28thAlaska 0.04 50th

In 2011, Pennsylvania ranked 28th lowest for residentialelectricity use relative to one dollar of state GDP. This metricfell by 1% compared to 2010.

State kWh / $ US GDP RankMississippi 0.15 1st

Pennsylvania 0.08 38thMassachusetts 0.05 50th

Pennsylvania's commercial sector used 0.08 kWh ofelectricity to generate one dollar of economic output. Adecrease of 8%, this ratio ranked the state 38th lowest.

Pennsylvania Electricity Intensity

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Fuel Type Billion Btu PercentageTotal 140,531 100%

Wood & Biomass 81,656 58%Hydro 22,753 16%Wind 18,088 13%

Ethanol 8,204 6%Ethanol Co-products 5,899 4%

In 2010, renewable energy production in Pennsylvania was140,531 billion Btu, an increase of 18% from 2009. Dividingthis production by fuel type, wood & biomass resourcesaccounted for the largest amount of energy production in2010.

Fuel Type Gigawatt Hours PercentageTotal 7,249 100%Hydro 2,984 40%Wind 1,968 27%

Biomass 1,802 24%Wood 635 9%Solar 33 <1%

Describing renewable electricity generation by fuel type orcommodity, the production from hydroelectric facilitiesrepresented the largest portion of renewable electricitygeneration in Pennsylvania in 2011. Compared with 2010,the electrical output of hydroelectric facilities rose by 28%in 2011. (Total biomass generation is divided betweenwood products - labeld Wood - and other biomass resources - labeled Biomass - such as landfill gas).

Pennsylvania Renewable Energy

*Ethanol Co-Products include distillers grain, corn oil, andother by-products that are rendered following fuel ethanoldistillation.

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Sector Million Cubic Feet PercentageTotal 859,939 100%

Electric Power 245,559 29%Residential 223,642 26%Industrial 201,319 23%

Commercial 141,649 16%Transportation 47,770 6%

In 2010, natural gas consumption in Pennsylvania was 860billion cubic feet. Compared with 2009, total natural gasconsumption rose by 6% on the year. Dividing natural gasuse by economic sector, the electric power sector was thelargest consumer of natural gas in Pennsylvania in 2010.(Natural gas consumption by the Transportation Sector is thesummation of direct, vehicle fuel use and natural gas used by transmission and distribution pipelines).

Pennsylvania Natural Gas

The average city gate price of natural gas in Pennsylvaniawas $8.75 per thousand cubic feet in 2010. Versus theprevious year, this average annual price fell by 10%. Thecity gate price of natural gas is typically reported at theconnection where a natural gas distribution company orutility takes control of natural gas delivered by a pipeline ortransmission company.

Pennsylvania registered 572.9 billion cubic feet of marketednatural gas production in 2010. Versus 2009, natural gasproduction in the state rose by 109% through 2010.Comparing in-state production levels with in-stateconsumption levels, Pennsylvania was a net importer ofnatural gas for the year.

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The last major amendments to the Clean Air Act were implemented in 1990. These amendments focused on National Ambient

Air Quality Standards and the mechanisms which would ensure compliance with emission reduction targets. Subsequently, the

emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from electric generating plants were regulated and scheduled for

reduction. The dual display of electricity generation and regulated emissions indicates that over time, though electricity de-

mand and generation have increased, the release of targeted pollutants has actually decreased. Therefore, both the aggre-

gate emission as well as intensity of emission per gigawatt-hour of criteria pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen ox-

ides, have been decreasing nationally since 1990. The reductions have been made through a combination of fuel switching

and the installation of pollution mitigation systems at power plants.

Emission Metric Tons Since 1990Carbon Dioxide 116,621,094 7%Sulfur Dioxide 584,624 -53%

Nitrogen Oxides 120,366 -73%

Sulfur dioxide is a highly reactive gas and major pollutantthat is monitored and regulated at the State and Federallevel. In 2009, the electric power sector of Pennsylvaniaemitted 584,624 metric tons of sulfur dioxide, representing adecrease of 25% compared with 2008. Overall, the electricpower sector of Pennsylvania has decreased sulfur dioxideemissions by 53% since 1990.

Nitrogen oxides are a group of highly reactive regulatedpollutants. In 2009, the electric power sector ofPennsylvania emitted 120,366 metric tons of nitrogenoxides, representing a decrease of 34% compared with2008. Overall, the electric power sector of Pennsylvaniahas decreased nitrogen oxides emissions by 73% since1990.

Carbon dioxide emssisions from fossil fuel power plants aremonitored at the State and Federal level. In 2009, theelectric power sector of Pennsylvania emitted 116,621,094metric tons of carbon dioxide, a decrease of 6% comparedwith 2008. Overall, power plants in Pennsylvania haveincreased carbon dioxide emissions by 7% since 1990.

Pennsylvania Power Plant Emissions

Sector Cents / kWh Since 2000Average 10.49 37%Industrial 7.74 37%

Commercial 10.04 30%Residential 13.38 40%

Nominal $US

Electricity usage in Pennsylvania is billed in terms of centsper kilowatt-hour of electricity consumed, with differences inprice by classification and electric utility. However, while theprice of electricity varies from sector to sector and from oneutility to another, the above data illustrate the average price of electricity delivered to each economic sector.

In 2011, the average price of electricity across economicsectors in Pennsylvania was 10.49¢ per kilowatt-hour. Withan increase of 2% versus 2010, this overall, weighted-average price ranked Pennsylvania 15th highest in thecountry in terms of electricity. Since 2000, the averageprice of electricity in Pennsylvania has risen by 37%.

Fuel Type Real Cents / kWh Since 2000Average 10.16 5%Industrial 7.49 5%

Commercial 9.72 0%Residential 12.95 7%

Real 2010 $US

Adjusting for inflation over time, the trends in the real cost ofelectricity in Pennsylvania between 1970 and 2011 can beplaced in context to the adjacent, nominal graphic. Resetting historical price data to inflation-adjusted 2010 values, theprice of electricity in real economic terms in Pennsylvaniahas risen by 5% since the year 2000. Additionally, in 2011Pennsylvania ranked 15th highest in the nation for the realprice of electricity.

Since 1990, the two most influential factors explaining thechanges in both nominal and real electricity prices havebeen the type of generation portfolio developed within astate, and the price of fossil fuel inputs for the electric powersector. Specifically, these factors involve the type ofgeneration technology (i.e. coal, gas, nuclear) used within astate, the share of each technology in supplying baseloadpower, and the price of the primary fossil fuel commodities.

Pennsylvania Electricity Prices

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