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Why do we blow the Shofar?Why do we blow the Shofar?

Exodus 19:16Exodus 19:16““On the morning of the third day there On the morning of the third day there

was thunder and lightning, with a thick was thunder and lightning, with a thick cloud over the mountain, and there cloud over the mountain, and there was the sounding of a very loud was the sounding of a very loud SHOFAR blast. Everyone in the camp SHOFAR blast. Everyone in the camp trembled.”trembled.”

Because this is the way G-D begins sacred Because this is the way G-D begins sacred assembliesassemblies

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HEMA ISRAELHEMA ISRAELHear oh IsraelHear oh Israel

Shema Israel Adoni ElohaynuShema Israel Adoni Elohaynu((Hear oh Israel the L-RD Hear oh Israel the L-RD our G-D)our G-D)

Adoni EchadAdoni Echad((The L-RD is oneThe L-RD is one))

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hy do we recite/sing the SHEMA?hy do we recite/sing the SHEMA?Because Messiah said it was the greatest CommandmentBecause Messiah said it was the greatest Commandment

Mark 12:28-29Mark 12:28-29

2828 And one of the scribes came, and having heard And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that He had them reasoning together, and perceiving that He had answered them well, asked Him, “answered them well, asked Him, “Which is the Which is the greatest commandment of allgreatest commandment of all?”?”

2929 And Jesus answered him, “The And Jesus answered him, “The first of allfirst of all the the commandments is, commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:”God is one Lord:”

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A-men ….A-men….A-men, A-men, A-menA-men ….A-men….A-men, A-men, A-men

Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Baw-rouk Ha-Shem,Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Baw-rouk Ha-Shem,Blessed be the NameBlessed be the Name, , blessed be the Nameblessed be the Name

Baw-rouk Ha-Shem Me-she-achBaw-rouk Ha-Shem Me-she-achBlessed be the Name of MessiahBlessed be the Name of Messiah

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We Bring Our Sacrifice We Bring Our Sacrifice WithWith Praise Praise

We Bring Our Sacrifice We Bring Our Sacrifice WithWith Praise PraiseUnto the House of the LORD (2 X)Unto the House of the LORD (2 X)

And we offer unto HimAnd we offer unto HimOur sacrifices Our sacrifices withwith thanksgiving thanksgiving And we offer unto HimAnd we offer unto HimOur sacrifices Our sacrifices withwith joy joy

www.aveinu.com

First A Parable

• “A linen Cloth freshly washed and ironed lay on the table and boasted about it’s beauty. “I will soon” so the Cloth dreamed aloud, “be raised in stature. A new garment will be made of me to be worn by a person to whom great respect will be paid.” At the very instant that the Cloth was spinning his dreams an old and dirty Overcoat came into view, dusty and sullied having been trampled under foot and thrown from one place to another. The linen Cloth took one look at this Overcoat and laughed uproariously: “Woe to you old rag!”

First A Parable

• Some time passed and as the Cloth foresaw it was made into a new Jacket. It’s owner put it on and over it a beautiful Overcoat. The Jacket immediately recognized the old Overcoat and could not refrain from expressing his amazement. “Tell me my good friend” the Jacket asked. “You were already an old rag. How is it you merited being placed over me?”

• With modesty and wisdom the overcoat began to recount it’s sorrowful past” “First they took me to a washwoman where I was beaten with long sticks until

First A Parable

• all the dust and dirt were gotten rid of. Then sharp needles and coarse brushes pricked my hide until I was hardly to be recognized. Finally I thought an end had come to my trials and tribulations but soon I was thrown into a cauldron of boiling water where I was burned and scalded then I was again pricked and beaten until a new Overcoat was made of me.”

• So it is with the Jew. It is impossible to exalt him to higher spheres until he has patiently born all persecutions and oppressions.”

First A Parable

• This parable was told by Rabbi Hillel in the First Century.

Course Description

• There are two goals that we’ll be accomplishing in this course

• The first is to dig deeper into Talmud to complete expositions on various topics and secondly…

Course Description

• To expand on teachings briefly covered in the Talmud 101 series and thus provide illumination of New Testament passages.

• Talmud 201 is still a study of Mishnaic (Bavli) texts as opposed to Gamara… though at times Gamara will be cited when needed.

Course Description

• Talmud is vital to understanding the more difficult passages in Scriptures.

• We hope you’ll enjoy your journey!

In This Class

• In this class we’ll study “Characterization of Talmud”…

• Exploring what some others have said about the Talmud (negatively) and how to defend it against hostility.

In This Class

• Also in this class we will understand what is meant by the phrase “The Mishna of Yeshua”

In This Class

• And lastly we’ll take a look at Yeshua and Messianic Halacha.

Characterization of Talmud

• Few books in history have had such contradictory judgments passed on them as the Talmud.

• Some Orthodox Jews speak of the “holy Talmud” in highest reverence…


• while many others in Christian circles refer to it as a medley of “absurd and course writings” or that it is “downright demonic”.

• Among some of it’s antagonists that we must consider are those who were former Jews.


• As to utterances or writings made by converted Jews against Talmud, caution should be in place since frequently they are occasioned by spite and/or the desire to demonstrate the complete severance from their former faith.


• So just because a Born Again Jew may have objections to the study of Talmud… that doesn’t automatically invalidate the importance of it.


• Many times I’ve seen a Born Again Jew egged on to speak against Judaism in all it’s facets as a token of proof of their (the Jewish person’s) sincerity.


• So showing me an article/book against Talmud that is written by a Born Again Jew doesn’t mean anymore to me then a book that’s against men written by a lesbian.


• So lets look at some objections concerning the Talmud.

• A man named F. Perles writes this…• “The Talmud has a formlessness that is almost

repellant. Abruptly one passes from one subject to another. Unessential matters are frequently treated at too great a length. Without stops runs the flood of speech and counter speech with the least inkling as to where a question or an exclamation begins, where a statement or an ironical rejection is in hand.”


• Can you hear the frustration in this man’s tone?

• I can and it is somewhat warranted.

• However, the Talmud is not an afternoon read.

• If I was to show most people the Cuniform Stone Tablet


• It would be nothing more to most then a bunch of legal code.

• Boring at best and irrelevant at worst.

• But to someone who is studying ancient law or the student of Biblical archeology, it is a gold mine of information.


• To the archeologist who has studied for many years and understands all the implications of the material found on the stone, it is a revelation.

• Likewise the Talmud is a revelation to the serious New Testament student


• When speaking to others of our Talmudic studies, should we use words such as revelation, illumination etc.?

• I tend not to because they will perceive me as having been “seduced by Judaism” or that I have been “Judahized”.


• What I tell them is we can use the Talmud as a history book that can help us understand the First Century.

• Although I believe it is much more then just a history book, I believe it is a collection that has some writers who were full of the Holy Spirit.


• I believe Rabbi Hillel was full of the Holy Spirit.

• “How can you say that??? That was before the outpouring of the Holy Ghost in the Book of Acts!!!”


• I can say that because I don’t believe that the day of Pentecost was the day the Holy Spirit was born.

• Many Charismatics don’t seem to get that.

• You ask them, “Then who moved upon the waters in Genesis?”


• The First Century was not the first time the Holy Spirit poured Himself out.

• That is also not the first time the “Gifts of the Spirit” came into play.

• What “gift” do you think the Old Testament prophets were moving in?

• The “gift of prophecy perhaps?


• But the Talmud is NOT Scripture.

• But we have to get out of trying to put everything into a little box that makes us not have to think.

• I’m not blaming the common Church person, they’ve been taught this by their Pastors.


• They (Pastors) in turn have been taught this at Bible School.

• “Keep it simple and don’t take any chances.” So Talmud falls into the “chance” category.

• But as Messianics, we need to be able to think.


• So, how do we obtain a correct point of view concerning Talmud?

• One must bear in mind that the Talmud is NOT a Law book in which every sentence in unconditionally valid.


• In the Mishna itself diverging opinions are placed in juxtaposition very frequently.


• Even the Gamara throughout takes on the nature of a lecture hall or of a collection of minutes of the discussions in which its rabbis cleared up that which was spoken by the Tannaim.


• Direct statements as to what is valid law or not are in the Mishna although later in Gamara Rabbis added at the conclusion of a debate “The law is as… etc.”

• In the Orthodox Yeshiva I went to they rightly teach us concerning Talmudic study…


• “What is religiously valid today, the rabbi must ascertain by investigation. He is aided by Talmud by consulting its codes which regulate practice and from them go backwards to the older authorities.”

• Is there anything wrong with that? I don’t think so.


• I’ve used this rule myself.• For example…• It’s been put by Orthodox

Judaism that we can’t mix meat with dairy.


• Therefore I consulted the codes in Talmud and found that Akiva said it’s ok to mix meat with milk.

• This strengthened my literal interpretation of the Scripture which says we only shouldn’t cook a kid in it’s mothers milk.


• I followed the first rule of hermeneutics then the rule of the Yeshiva and I arrived at a proper interpretation.

• Also in order to arrive at a proper characterization of Talmud we must know in what light Yeshua ben Yoseph has been cast.

Is Yeshua Talked About In Talmud?

• Is Yeshua (our Yeshua) talked about in Talmud?

• Yes He is. But not everything that is ascribed to Him is actually about Him. (we’ll look at some examples of that in a moment.)


• Also not everything said in the New Testament is positive concerning Yeshua either.

• The Sadducees said some very bad things about Him in the New Testament.

• It was also said He cast out demons in the name of Beelzebub.


• But we understand who said that and that they were dealing with their own shortcomings.

• That should also be done when reading Talmud.

• So let’s look at some examples.


• This may be a little difficult to understand at first but hold tight and we’ll explain it.

• Remember Talmud needs a lot of exposition.

• But it’s important that you see the actual passages here not only for your own peace of mind concerning the Talmud…


• But also when Christians or Jews try to tell you that the “Talmud is anti-Jesus”

• You’ll be able to tell them,• “Well I’ve read some of the

passages that were supposed to be anti-Jesus and they actually aren’t about Jesus at all”


• The Talmud says…

• “It is taught: R. Eliezer told the sages: Did not Ben Stada bring witchcraft with him from

Egypt in a cut that was on his skin? They said to him: He was a fool and you cannot bring proof from a fool. Ben Stada is Ben Pandira.


• R. Chisda said: The husband was Stada and the lover was Pandira.

• No, the husband was Pappos Ben Yehudah and the mother was Stada.

• No, the mother was Miriam the women's hairdresser and was called Stada. As we say in Pumbedita: She has turned away [Stat Da] from her husband.”


• What we see from here is that there was a man named Ben Stada who was considered to

be a practitioner of black magic. His mother was named Miriam and also called Stada.

• Her husband was named Pappos Ben Yehudah.

• Miriam (Stada) had an affair with Pandira

from which Ben Stada was born.


• Some Rabbis today claim that Ben Stada, also known as Ben Pandira, was Yeshua ben Yoseph (Our Yeshua).

• His mother's name was Miriam (Mary). Additionally, this Miriam was a

women's hairdresser, "megadla nashaia"


• The phrase "Miriam megadla" sounds similar to Mary Magdalene.

• So obviously, according to these Rabbis, this Mishna is talking about Yeshua ben Yoseph.


• But here’s the problems with this interpretation…

• 1. Mary Magdalene was not Yeshua’s' mother. Neither was Mary a hairdresser.

• 2. Yeshua’s' step-father was Yoseph. Ben Stada's step-father was Pappos Ben Yehudah.


• 3. Pappos Ben Yehudah is a known figure from other places in Talmudic literature. The

Mechilta Beshalach (Vayehi ch. 6) has him discussing Torah with Rabbi Akiva and

Talmud Berachot 61b has Pappos Ben Yehudah being captured and killed by Romans…


• along with Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Akiva lived during the second half of the first century and the first half of the second century. He died in the year 134. If Pappos Ben Yehudah was a contemporary of Rabbi Akiva's, he had have been born well after Yeshua’s death and certainly could not be his father.

• Here’s another example…


• What of R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah?

• When John [Hyrcanus] the king killed the rabbis, R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah [and Yeshu] went to Alexandria of Egypt. When there was peace, Shimon Ben Shetach sent to him "From me [Jerusalem] the holy city to you Alexandria of Egypt. My husband remains in your midst and I sit forsaken.“ [R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah] left and arrived at a particular inn and they showed him great respect. He said: How beautiful is this inn [Achsania, which also means innkeeper]. [Yeshu] said: Rabbi, she has narrow eyes.


• [R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah] said to him: Wicked one, this is how you engage yourself?

• [R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah] sent out four hundred trumpets and excommunicated him.

• [Yeshu] came before [R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah] many times and said: Accept me. But [R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah] paid him no attention.

• One day [R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah] was reciting Shema [during which one may not be interrupted]. [Yeshu] came before him. He was going to accept [Yeshu] and signalled to


• [Yeshu] with his hand. [Yeshu] thought that [R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah] was repelling him. He went, hung a brick, and bowed down to it. [Yeshu] said to [R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah]: You taught me that anyone who sins and causes others to sin is not given the opportunity to repent. And the master said: Yeshu {the Notzri} practiced magic and deceit and led Israel astray.


• Some 50 to 60 years after the great victory of the Hasmoneans, there were some heretical sects that had integrated aspects of

Hellenist paganism into their religion.


• During this time, a man named Yeshu misunderstood one of his teacher's remarks and said something that demonstrated that he was interested in and looking at married women.


• As sexual promiscuity was a sign of many of the Hellenist sects, R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah suspected his student of being yet another leader influenced by Hellenism and had him

excommunicated.


• After many attempts by Yeshu to reconcile with his mentor, R. Yehoshua Ben Perachiah was finally ready.

• However, Yeshu approached him while he was reciting Shema, the most important part of the morning prayer during which he could not stop to speak.


• He motioned to Yeshu with his hand which was misinterpreted as a signal to go away.

• Yeshu finally gave up and fulfilled his teacher's suspicion. He adopted a pagan religion and went on to lead many Jews astray.


• What Messianics disagree with is who this “Yeshu” person was.

• Some, some Talmudists try to say that this Yeshu, was Yeshua ben Yoseph.


• They say Yeshua ben Yosef fell into adultery, then started His own sect and led Israel astray.

• And many Christians say that this portion in the Talmud is a slander against their Jesus.

• But there’s some problems with that.


• 1. Yeshu lived about a century before Yeshua ben Yosef.

• You may remember the teaching in Talmud 101 where I wrote that Perachiah was one of the Zugote…


• “The next pair of Zugote were Joshua b. Perachiah and Nittai of Arbela.

• Joshua b. Perachiah was known for his teachings on gentleness in judgment and friendship and this comes across in one of his most famous sayings…

• Get thee a teacher; win thee a friend; and in judging incline toward the side of innocent”


• 2. Only one of the approximately four distinct manuscripts available have the title HaNotzri. None of the other manuscripts contain that title which make it suspect as a later interpolation.


• 3. Notzri does not necessarily mean Nazarene. It can also refer to Nazerites.

• The name "Ben Netzar" was used by the Talmud to refer to the famous chief of robbers Odenathus of Palmyra [see Marcus Jastrow's Dictionary p. 930]


• 4. The name Yeshu/Yeshua was common. • Colossians 4:11• 11 And Jesus, which is called Justus, who are of the

circumcision. These only are my fellowworkers unto the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort unto me.


• Josephus, the first century Jewish historian mentions no fewer than nineteen different Yeshus (Yeshuas), about half of them contemporaries of Yeshua ben Yosef!


• Yeshu ben Sirach

• Yeshu ben Ananias

• Yeshu ben Saphat

• Yeshu ben Gamala

• Yeshu ben Thebuth


• One Jesus was killed in the Temple.• Josephus writes…• Now Jesus was the brother of John, and was a

friend of Bagoses, who had promised to procure him the High Priesthood. In confidence of whose support, Jesus quarreled with John in the Temple, and so provoked his brother, that in his anger his brother slew him.


• So why doesn’t the Church forbid Josephus saying “Josephus lies about our Lord and Savior and says He was killed in the Temple… throw it out!!!”

• Because the Church is against Talmud, not Josephus.


• 5. Finally, other than the name, nothing in the story fits anything we know about Yeshua.

• So now when someone tells you that the Talmud is anti-Jesus you can tell them not everything they’ve heard is true.

The Mishna Of Yeshua?

• What does this mean, “The Mishna Of Yeshua”.

• The Mishna of Yeshua is the 4 Gospels, Mathew, Mark, Luke and John.

• Let’s remember what the Mishna is in the Talmud…


• The Mishna is a compilation of oral teachings passed on from Rabbi to Talmideem.

• I’ve mentioned before how the students of Rabbis would memorize their Rabbis teachings word for word and then pass them down to their own students when they trained as Rabbis.


• That’s exactly what the Gospels are.

• They are the words of Yeshua passed down to His Disciples which they had memorized.

• True there are other things in the Gospels like historical happenings etc but the Mishna of the Talmud also does that.


• It’s still a Mishna.• Here’s something else I’d

like to point out about this…• The Notzreem (First

Church) were the first to write down their oral codes in Judaism.


• It wasn't till another 100 years later that the Orthodox followed suit with their Rabbis and thus the Mishna of the Talmud was born.

• The First Messianics showed them how to do it!


• The Orthodox can tell me all they want about how they decided to finally write down the oral traditions…

• And I’m sittin there thinking, “Yeah, we did it first!”

• And when Christians tell me they are anti-Mishna (ie against the traditions of the fathers or the Oral codes/law)


• They don’t realize that that’s exactly what the Gospels are.

• The Gospels are Yeshua’s Mishna.


• When I’m talking to other Messianics, I don’t even call the Gospels the Gospels.

• I call them “Yeshua’s Mishna”.


• We also want to realize that none of the Gospels were written during Yeshua’s lifetime.

• Matter of fact, at that time, committing Mishna to writing was forbidden.

• It was severely spoken against.


• Now you could write down Mishna for your own private notes, but never allowed to use them for anything public.

• Why was that?


• The Rabbis said because they were afraid that it could at some point be used on par with the written Torah!

• They were right weren’t they?

• The Talmudic Mishna today is thought by many Jews as on par with Torah.


• Christians would never do that!

• They would never put their favorite TV preachers doctrine above doctrine from the Old Testament!

• (please note sarcasm )


• Many people today think of the ancient Jews as great historians, they were but they were also great at seeing future possibilities.

• It’s good reason that in the first century and before, the word “Rabbi” and “Prophet” was interchangeable.


• Now I say that many Jews believe the Talmud to be on Par with Scripture but not all of them feel that way.


• Reuven Grodner author of “The Spirit of Mishnaic Law” says that the Talmud is secondary to Torah.

• He says it’s the best commentary available on the Torah.


• I agree with him on that.• He’s an Orthodox Rabbi and a

teacher at an Orthodox Yeshiva.

• So there’s a population of Jews out there who don’t see the Talmud as Scripture. It’s important we remember that and don’t accuse ALL the Jews for believing Talmud is Torah.


• R. Reuven Grodner also says something else I agree with and that is this… (he quotes from another Rabbi here)

• “There is an essential spiritual difference between the Jew and the Gentile. The Jews have a unique capacity to receive divine influence and reach a level of prophecy.”


• KJV Romans 3:1 What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of circumcision?

• 2 Much every way: chiefly, because that unto them were committed the oracles of God.


• If you’re keeping Covenant, watch for that particular gift (the gift of prophecy) as you grow in Him. Because they are directly related!

• If one doesn’t keep Covenant and gives a prophecy, he’s just cut his percentage down to a 20% possibility that it was from G-d.


• Back to Mishna. • So understanding that the

Talmideem would memorize their Rabbis teachings also gives us an understanding how the Synoptic Gospels are almost identical.


• There’s a lot of scholarly speculation that 2 of the 4 Gospels were copies from one original Gospel.

• In other words that one was written first then the other two used that original in writing the other 2 accounts.


• I don’t believe that’s how that happened at all.

• I’m convinced all 4 Gospels (originally) were written from 4 different peoples memory.

• It’s not hard to believe that when you understand the Rabbi/Talmid relationship of the first century.


• It was the Student’s first priority to commit to memory every word of their Rabbi’s teaching.

• Likewise, Yeshua’s Students would’ve also memorized His teachings as well

• Now lets look at Halacha for a moment

The Halacha of Yeshua

• Although Yeshua set down some Halacha of His own as was His right as a Rabbi…

• He still followed Rabbinical Halacha laid by many of the previous Rabbis.

• For example, blessings concerning food.


• The Rabbis had concluded that we should say a blessing after we eat our food.

• How did they come to this conclusion?

• From the Torah…


• Deuteronomy 8:10 10 “When you have eaten and are satisfied, you shall bless the L-RD your G-d for the good land which He has given you.


• So eat, be satisfied THEN bless the

L-rd.• What do we bless?• The food?• NO! We bless the L-rd!!!


• Nowhere in ancient Judaism does anyone bless food.

• They bless G-d for the food.

• Or bless G-d for the land which produced the food. But they still bless G-d, not the land or the food.


• “But Jesus blessed the bread and the fish!”

• Well, lets look at it carefully.


• KJV• Mark 6:41 41 And He took the five loaves and

the two fish, and looking up toward heaven, He blessed the food and broke the loaves and He kept giving them to the disciples to set before them; and He divided up the two fish among them all.

• “See, it’s right there He blessed the food.”


• Actually, it’s not there.• YLT• 41 And having taken the five loaves and the

two fishes, having looked up to the heaven, he blessed, and brake the loaves, and was giving to his disciples, that they may set before them, and the two fishes divided he to all,


• Blessed “the food” is NOT there.

• The translators didn’t understand Jewish Halacha, what did they care?

• So they just put what they thought should be there.


• If Yeshua came back right now, He’d have to tell the Church, “These traditions of men you have aren’t right.”


• Dr Stern got it right…• 41 Then he took the five loaves and the two

fish, and, looking up toward heaven, made a b'rakhah. Next he broke up the loaves and began giving them to the talmidim to distribute. He also divided up the two fish among them all.


• “But wait a second, Jesus did say the blessing BEFORE they ate”

• The Rabbinical Halacha is to recite a blessing (blessing

G-d) for bread before partaking it.


• Same thing for wine.• Some of you have

celebrated with us on Friday night when we welcome the Shabbat and we have bread and grape juice and what do we do?


• First we say the Motzi…• Barukh atah Adonai, Eloheinu, melekh ha-

olam • hamotzi lechem min ha'aretz. (Amein). • Blessed art Thou oh L-rd our G-d King of the

universe who brings forth bread from the earth.


• Then we say a prayer for the wine…• Barukh atah Adonai, Eloheinu, melekh ha-olam• borei p'ri hagafen (Amein) • Blessed art Thou oh L-rd our G-d King of the

universe who created the fruit of the vine.• There are a few other blessings for various

things but this idea of grace before the meal is all based on a misunderstanding of the text.


• See, the translators didn’t know or care about Jewish Halacha.

• But Yeshua did, and He followed it when it didn’t circumvent Biblical precepts.


• Once I was in a Christian chat room talking about Halacha and someone posted to me “WWJD!”.

• I wrote back, “What’s WWJD?”

• They wrote, “What Would Jesus Do”.


• So I wrote back • “WTJWD”• And he wrote back,• “What’s WTJWD?”


• I said “Whatever The Jews Would Do”

• WWJD?• WTJWD!• Because that’s what

Jesus would do, whatever the Jews would do.


• So Yeshua said the Motzi which blesses G-d then He broke bread.

• We have His stamp of approval concerning this because He followed Halacha perfectly on this matter.


• There’s dozens of examples of Yeshua following Halacha, but here’s one more…

• Mark 11• 15 And they come to Jerusalem: and Jesus went

into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves; 16 And would not suffer that any man should carry any vessel through the temple.


• First, it needs to be understood that Yeshua didn’t have a problem with things being sold on the Temple grounds, in fact that was necessary.


• People came from all over the world to the temple and they had to be able to change money in order to buy the proper sacrifices.


• The problem was that the money changers were ripping the people off by using unbalanced weights and drastically overcharging for their services.


• So there’s no problem with that.

• David Stern’s translation says that Yeshua drove out “both the merchants and their customers”.


• But that is an incorrect translation, it doesn’t say that in Greek. It’s Stern’s misunderstanding of how the Temple worked at that time.

• So then this passage goes on and here’s what we read…


• 16. and refused to let anyone carry merchandise through the Temple courts.

• The word merchandise there is skewyos and it can mean merchandise or vessel or instrument.

• But John Donahue, Professor of New Testament at the University of Baltimore

• Says it can also mean a “money bag”.


• He is correct in that interpretation and of course it falls into line with not only the context of this passage but also with the Halacha of that day which says this…


– One may not enter the holy mount with his staff,

– Or with his sandal, or with his belt-pouch.

– Berakhot 9:5


– It was forbidden to carry a money pouch in the inner courts of the Temple.

– But Yeshua saw some people who were disobeying this Halacha and He ran them out.

– It’s not a Biblical command. It was Halacha!


• So, as I’ve said before, Halacha means the way to walk.

• Walk.


• That word is used a lot in the New Testament yes?

• Whenever you see this word “walk” in this kind of context it is telling us about Messianic Halacha.


• Luke 1:6

• “And they were both righteous before God, walking (keeping Halacha) in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.”


• Acts 21:21

• “And they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews that are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought not to circumcise their children, neither to walk after the customs (to keep Halacha).”


• Romans 13:13

• “Let us walk honestly (be honest in our Halacha), as in the day; not in rioting and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying.”


• I Corinthians 7:17

• “But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk (be in his Halacha). And so ordain I in all churches.”

• These are just a few of the verses that pertain to Halacha in the New Testament.


• We at Beit Aveinu are committed to Messianic Halacha, the Halacha of Yeshua and His Talmideem.

• Halacha is a continuing practice and we pray that G-d will find our Halacha worthy of Him.

• Baruch HaShem.• End

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