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Pekalongan

Seal

LocationinJava

LocationinIndonesia

Coordinates:653S10940E

Country IndonesiaProvince CentralJavaRegency PekalonganRegency

AreaTotal 45km2(17sqmi)

Population(2014)Total 284,886Density 6,300/km2(16,000/sqmi)

PekalonganFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

PekalonganisacityofCentralJava,Indonesia.ItwasformerlytheseatofPekalonganRegencyonthenortherncoastoftheprovince,butisnowanindependentmunicipalitywithintheprovince.ThecityisCentralJava'smostimportantport,andisknownforitsbatik.

TheDutchnameofthecityis'Pacalongan'.

Contents

1Administrativedistricts2History3Business4Natives5Sources6References7Externallinks

Administrativedistricts

Pekalongancityisdividedintofourdistricts,listedbelowwiththeirpopulationsatthe2010Census:[1]

PekalonganBarat(WestPekalongan)(88,732)PekalonganTimur(EastPekalongan)ewc)(75,022)

History

ThecoastalareaaroundPekalonganwaspartoftheancientHoling(Kalingga)kingdom.The7thcenturySojomertoinscription,discoveredinneighboringBatangRegency,CentralJava,islinkedwithKalinggaaswellastheancestoroftheSailendras.TheexactlocationoftheKalinggacapitalisunclearhowever,thatitwassuggestedliessomewherebetweenPekalonganandJepara.HoweveritismostlikelythatKalinggawaslocatedinPekalonganinsteadofJepara,sincethereissimilarityofnamesbetweenKalinggaandPekalongan.Thenameprobablyslightlyshiftedovercenturies,fromKalingga,Kaling,Kalong,andlateraddedwithpeancircumfixforming"Pekalongan".

Pekalongan

Pekalongan

Coordinates:653S10940E

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Pekalonganharbour(ca.193340)

ThehistoryofPekalongandatedbacktotheearly12thcentury.Abookwrittenin1178byaSongdynastyofficialalreadyhadrecordofPekalongan,thenknowntoChinesemerchantsas"Pukalong",itwasthenaseaportofJava(thenknownasDvapa)thekingofJavalivedatPukalong,knottedhishairatthebackofhishead,whilehispeopleworeshorthairandwrappedtheirbodywithcolorfullyweavedcloth.[2]ChinesemerchantshipsetsailfromCantonduringNovember,withtheaidoffairwindsailednonstopdayandnight,arrivedatPukalonginaboutonemonth.Thepeoplemadewinefromcoconuts,producedverydeliciousredandwhitecanesugar,thekingdommadecoinsoutofbronzeandcopper,60coppercoinsexchangedforonetaelofgold.Localproducesincludedpepper,

clove,sandalwood,eaglewoodandwhiteroundcardamom.[3]

PekalonganbecameapartoftheempireoftheSultanateofMataramthroughtreatyandmarriagealliancesbytheearly17thcentury.Theareawasonthegeographicperipheryoftheempire,whichwasbasedininteriorcentralJava.However,itwasawealthyarea,andbytheendofthe17thcentury,thesubstantialmoneyandproduceitsenttothecentermadeitakeypartofMataram'srealm.Theareawentintoeconomicdeclineduringthe18thcentury,andtheDutchEastIndiaCompanybegantogainsubstantialinfluenceoverthearea'spoliticalandeconomiclife.TheDutchbuiltafortinthecityin1753thisfortstillstands.

Fromthe1830s,thePekalonganareabecameamajorproducerofsugar.Sugarcanehadbeengrownintheareasinceearly12thcentury,asrecordedinChinesehistorybooks,butproductionexpandedsubstantiallyduringthemid19thcenturyduetoDutchefforts.Initially,productionwasboostedthroughcompulsorycorvelabortheDutchcolonialgovernmenttookadvantageoflongstandingJavaneseexpectationsthatthepeasantrycontributesapartoftheirlabortothestate.Betweenthe1860sandthe1890s,thissystemwasphasedout,andworkerswerepaiddirectly.ThecolonialsugarindustrycollapsedduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,butsugarremainsakeyexportoftheareainindependentIndonesia.

OnOctober8,1945,ananti"Swapraja"/antifeudalismmovementcalledThreeRegionsMovement/"GerakanTigaDaerah"wasestablishedinTegal,Pekalongan,andBrebes.Thegoalofthismovementwastoreplacethebluebloodregents(relatedtothekingsfromJogyakartaandSurakarta)withordinarypeople.Accordingtotheleadersofthismovement,theoldregentshadcooperatedwithJapaneseduringtheworldwarIIandsentpeopletotheJapaneseslavelaborcamps.

ThemainleaderofthismovementwasSarjiyowhobecamethenewregentofPekalongan.OtherleadersofthismovementwereKutil,K.Mijaya,andIr.Sakirman.IrSakirmanwasthelocalleaderofIndonesianCommunistParty(PKI).

Theoldregentswerearrested,strippednaked,anddraggedintotheprisons.OthergovernmentofficialsandpoliceofficerswerekidnappedandmassacredatTalangbridge.ThismovementalsostartedaracialriotagainstethnicChineseinBrebes.

ThegovernmentofRepublicofIndonesia(RI)inJogyakartadisagreewiththismovementanddeclareditasanillegalmovement.

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OnNovember4,1945,themovementattackedIndonesianarmyHQandtheregentofficeinPekalongan.TherebelsweredefeatedbyIndonesianarmyinafiercebattleonDecember21,1945.Mostleadersofthismovementwerearrestedandthrownintotheprisons.ThisrebellioniscalledThreeRegionsAffair.

Business

Thecityisknownforitsbatik.Thedyedfabricisproducedbothbyhandinsmallscaleshops,andprintedinlargerfactories.Amainstayoftheeconomy,theindustrycollapsedduringIndonesia'seconomiccrisisin1998,butithaspartiallyrecoveredsince.

Natives

GeorgeJunusAditjondroBebBakhuysMariaDermotHartonoReksoDharsonoAbdulRahmanSalehAzizSattar

SourcesKnight,G.R.(1995)GullyCoolies,WeedWomenandSnijvolk:TheSugarIndustryWorkersofNorthJavaintheEarlyTwentiethCentury.ModernAsianStudies28(1):5176.Ricklefs,M.C.(1986)SomeStatisticalEvidenceonJavaneseSocial,EconomicandDemographicHistoryintheLaterSeventeenthandEighteenthCenturies.ModernAsianStudies20(1):132.

References1. BiroPusatStatistik,Jakarta,20112. thismeansthatthepeopleofPugalonghadalreadybatikin12thcentury3. SongdynastyZhouQufei:LingWaiDaiDa(ReportsfromBeyongtheSouthernMountains)inChineseISBN7

101016650.UnfortunatelynoEnglishtranslationavailable,theaboveparagraphismyGFDLtranslation

Externallinks

(Indonesian)MilitaryHistoryCentre/Threeregionsaffair(http://www.sejarahtni.mil.id/index.php?cid=2002)(Indonesian)MilitaryHistoryCentre/BattleonDecember21,1945(http://www.sejarahtni.mil.id/index.php?cid=2008&page=4)Pekalonganofficialgovernmentwebsite(http://kotapekalongan.go.id/)BosoKalonganDictionary(http://bahasapekalongan.blogspot.com/)WisataPekalongan(http://www.travelmatekamu.com/2014/11/29/7tempatwisatadipekalonganyangwajibdikunjungi/)RequestsforWikipediaBosoKalongan

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Categories: PopulatedplacesinCentralJava CitiesinCentralJava CitiesinIndonesiaRegencycapitalsofIndonesia

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