peace research institute oslo independent international interdisciplinary migration and...
TRANSCRIPT
Peace Research Institute OsloIndependent International Interdisciplinary
Migration and Development, European Migration Network Conference, Oslo, 18 June 2012
Remittances between integration, transnationalism and development
Jørgen Carling
Peace Research Institute OsloIndependent International Interdisciplinary
… research on the conditions
for peaceful relations between
states, groups and people
Peace Research Institute OsloIndependent International Interdisciplinary • Migration and transnationalism• Peace and conflict• Theoretical and applied
… research on the conditions
for peaceful relations between
states, groups and people
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Jørgen CarlingResearch Professor
Marta Bivand ErdalSenior Researcher
Cindy HorstSenior Researcher
Associated researchers and assistants
Remittances from Immigrants in Norway
Research Council of Norway20072012
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Remittances from Immigrants in Norway
Research Council of Norway20072012
• Multi-method• Comparative• Two case studies• Survey data
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Remittances from Immigrants in Norway
Research Council of Norway20072012
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Remittances
INTEGRATION TRANSNATIONALISM DEVELOPMENT
Remittances
Remittances from Immigrants in Norway
Research Council of Norway20072012
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INTEGRATION TRANSNATIONALISM DEVELOPMENT
Norway Pakistan
Remittances
Remittances
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Remittances and transnationalism
TRANSNATIONALISM
• Transnational practice• Senders and receivers• Moral dimensions• Change over time• Social remittances?
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Remittances and integration
INTEGRATION
Norway
• Suspicion• Transfer mechanisms• Do ‘good’ immigrants remit?
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Remittances and development
• Stunning facts• Overwhelming complexities• Hope and enthusiasm DEVELOPMENT
Pakistan
International Migration
Migration and
Development
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Migration and development
Win Win Win
Recruitment
Remittances
Return
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INTEGRATION TRANSNATIONALISM DEVELOPMENT
Norway Pakistan
Remittances
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Remittances
Who remits?
Attachment to the
country of origin
Attachment to Norway
Financial situation
and employmen
t
Individual characte-
ristics
Country of origin
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Survey data
Attachment to the
country of origin
Attachment to Norway
Financial situation
and employmen
t
Individual characte-
ristics
Country of origin
Remittance-sending
Has parent(s) in country of originHas partner/spouse abroadOwns property in country of originHas visited/received visitsExpects to return
Has not experienced discriminationHas good Norwegian-language skillsFeels connected to Norway
AgeProportion of life lived in NorwayGender
Sends remittances at least once per year (yes/no)
Difficulties with regular expensesDifficulty with unexpected expensesLabour market position
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Survey data
Attachment to the
country of origin
Attachment to Norway
Financial situation
and employmen
t
Individual characte-
ristics
Country of origin
Remittance-sending
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Survey data
Attachment to the
country of origin
Attachment to Norway
Financial situation
and employmen
t
Individual characte-
ristics
Country of origin
Remittance-sending
Separate analyses for Pakistanis and Somalis
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Survey data
Attachment to the
country of origin
Attachment to Norway
Financial situation
and employmen
t
Individual characte-
ristics
Remittance-sending
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Financial situation and employment
• Somalis– Household finances– Labour market status– Social obligations– Urgent needs
• Pakistanis– Household finances– Labour market status– Perceived affordability– Tradition and culture
Carling, J., Erdal, M.B. and Horst, C. (2012) ‘How does conflict in migrants’ country of origin affect remittance-sending? Financial priorities and transnational obligations among Somalis and Pakistanis in Norway.’ International Migration Review, 46(2).
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Conclusions
• Connections: integrationtransnationalismdevelopment
• Remittances: lens on connections• Migration and development: beyond the pendulum?
Peace Research Institute OsloIndependent International Interdisciplinary
www.prio.no/migration
Thank you!