pcr beef meat
TRANSCRIPT
CPC code: 2111 and 2113 Meat of mammals Fresh, chilled or frozen
Approval date: 2013-10-30 / Registration number: S-P-00495 Valid three years / Revision: 1
Environmental Product Declaration ofCoop Beef Meat
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Coop
Eurocoop
Coop is the largest retailer in Italy with a turnover of 12,724 billion Euros in 2013. The Coop system is based on 8.2 million consumer members and includes
1,199 retail units. Coop Italia is the Marketing and Buying central of the consumer cooperatives: it is responsible for negotiating with industries and producers,
“Coop brand“ products development, quality and safety policies and marketing strategy.
Eurocoop is the European Community of Consumer Co-operatives, whose members are the national organisations of consumer
cooperatives in 20 European countries. Euro Coop represents more than 4,500 local and regional cooperatives, whose members
count more than 30 million consumers all over Europe. Cooperatives are companies belonging to the Consumers , which mainly
operate in food distribution. The total turnover has amounted to more than 76 billion Euro, with 36,000 retail stores and 450,000
employees . His Secretariat is based in Brussels. Coop Italy participates in all of Euro Coop’s working groups, which address priorities like food and retail policy,
sustainability policy and cooperative identity.
Euro Coop member countries
Bulgaria / Cyprus / Czech Republic / Denmark / Estonia / Finland
Germany / Hungary / Iceland / Israel* /Italy / Netherlands / Norway / Portugal
Romania / Slovak Republic / Spain / Sweden / Ukraine / UK
More info on www.eurocoop.org
* Observer member
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Coop product’s values
Health: Coop believes people’s health is an essential right and considers the protection of its consumers fundamental. Coop brand products are the end results
of a commitment to achieve the highest level of well-being for its members and consumers.
Environment: Coop considers environmental protection to be a primary duty; for this reason, it undertakes the verification of its own activities and those
related to its suppliers. Coop makes sure of being in harmony with the environment through the use of best available technologies and takes into account the
economic sustainability of actions.
Ethics: Coop acknowledges the values of democracy, human rights, solidarity, citizens’ individual responsibility and equity, acting in compliance with the
commitments and corporate social responsibility. Coop brand products are designed to meet these commitments.
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Coop brand products
Coop brand products are produced by selected suppliers who must comply with specifications and project requirements that have been designed according
to ”Coop values”. The Coop brand product offers a complete range of products to satisfy the everyday needs of a family, including 7 different products’ lines
designed to meet the specific needs of consumers.
2,656 products designed for consumers daily needs.
80 fair trade products.
528 organic food products and environmentally sustainable non-food products.
374 high quality products, that represent Coop’s commitment to provide the best gastronomic specialties.
22 products, with low fat, sugar and salt content, designed to ensure a proper nutritional intake for children.
176 products dedicated to the world of childhood including nutritional, hygiene and textile products.
67 products with specific nutritional features that contribute to the body’s wellness including “free from” products, such as gluten-free products.
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Introduction to Coop beef production chain
The Coop Italian beef supply chain, founded in 1990, consists of more than 90% of meat from adult bovine (beef and heifer) produced using animals born in
France and raised in Italy. The production chain is based on the complete knowledge acquired during the production, from the animal’s birth in France to the
raising phase in Italy and continues with the slaughtering phase and any subsequent processing steps, until the retail phase.
In 2013 about 154.300 adult bovine were purchased by Coop.
In 2013 Coop beef production chain was based on:
11 32
218 168 FARMS 11 SLAUGHTERHOUSES 3 DISTRIBUTION CENTERS
2 TRANSIT POINT
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Beef meat
This document is referred to the beef meat from adult bovine (bull or heifer) grown in Italy and sold by
Coop at its stores. The environmental impacts were calculated taking into account the entire production
chain starting from the animal’s birth until meat consumption as specified on PCR “CPC code 2111 and
2113 - Meat of mammals”.
Time coverage
Data are related to beef meat purchased by Coop during 2013.
Declared unit
The information is related to 1 kg of fresh edible bone-free beef meat from adult bovine bred in Italy,
ready to be bought by the customer in polystyrene packs or served at the store butcher’s counter.
Energy value 547.5 kJ (131 kcal)
Proteins 21 g
Carbohydrates 0.0 g
Fats 5.2 g
Dietary fibres 0.0 g
Sodium 49 mg
Potassium 313 mg
Cholesterol 55.5 mg
Nutrition facts per 100 g of beef meat (edible portion).
Average data considering front and hind cuts – CRA NUT.
Iron 1.5 mg
Phosphorus 185 mg
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Almost all of the adult cattle belonging to Coop
supply chain come from France, where the calves are
weaned and usually spend the first 10-12 months of
their life.
The information needed for the assessment of
this phase was collected from 5 French farms of
different sizes: Sca de Baumont, Jardoux, Debizet,
Landrieve, Gaec Bonnefont Guillot.
After this period spent in France, the calves are moved to Italy and raised in
Coop supplier farms for about 7 months. Once the animals reach the weight
of 620 kg, they are slaughtered. In order to assess the environmental impacts
of this phase, data were collected from 4 slaughterhouse plants: Inalca in
Castelvetro di Modena, Unipeg in Reggio Emilia, Colomberotto in Moriago
della Battaglia (Treviso) and Clai in Faenza (Ravenna).
The carcasses are then sent to the processing
platforms where they are portioned, vacuum
packed in different sizes and sent to the stores,
where the meat is packaged in trays or sold at the
store butcher’s counter. In other cases the meat is
already tray-packaged at the platform and shipped
to the store ready to be sold.
For the purpose of assessing the environmental burden connected to the
meat processing phase, primary data were collected at the Unipeg-Coop
centrale adriatica processing platform in Reggio Emilia and at the IperCoop
Torino Dora store butcher’s section.
Detailed information about the animals’ origin, places in which they were
raised and slaughtered are also available, on packaging labels, for the benefit
of customers.
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
Mother cow management
Farm management Slaughterhouse Meat processing Retail store
General System Boundaries
1.000 km 350 km 250 km 200 km
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Calves birth and weaning
Beef calves come mainly from France. They are
usually born in farms located in the central regions
of France where they stay about a year, reaching
the weight of approximately 350 kg. During this
phase, the calves stay grazing apart from a brief
period in which they stay inside the stable due to
winter temperatures.
As regards the calculation of impacts during this
phase, the main hypothesis are about the food
given to the animals and in particular: when the
animals are grazing they are fed exclusively grass
(10 kg/day for the calf and 20 kg/day for the
mother cow).
During the winter period, spent in the stable, the
feed given to the cow is mainly composed of hay
(80%), barley and soy bean while the calf is fed only
with cow’s milk.
Data collected from the involved farms, concern
stables’ energy and water consumption, waste
production, amount of feed given to the mother
cow and the quantity of manure produced (by both
the cow and the calf). At the end of the weaning
period, the calves are moved to Italy: the impacts
associated with transportation has been estimated
assuming a distance equal to 1,000 km.
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
1.000 km 350 km 250 km 200 km
Mother cow management
Farm management Slaughterhouse Meat processing Retail store
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Cattle breeding
After weaning, cattle are raised according to
the contract agreement between Coop and the
farmers. Coop regularly checks its application with
strict verification procedures. In order to develop
the calculation model, 168 production units were
analysed.
The whole fattening period takes place inside the
stable and feed is made of different types of food
including corn in various forms, which is considered
to be the most important, along with various other
cereals. Farmers could independently manage
feed as long as they respected the specifications
laid down by Coop.
In order to evaluate the impacts of this phase, the
whole farm management process was considered,
including the cultivation of food, energy and water
consumption, manure management and enteric
fermentation produced by cattle.
The impact of bovine transportation to the
slaughterhouse plants was calculated on a 350
km-distance basis.
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
1.000 km 350 km 250 km 200 km
Breeding farms are located in red coloured regions
Mother cow management
Farm management Slaughterhouse Meat processing Retail store
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Slaughterhouse
The impacts of this phase were calculated using information derived from
4 plants chosen between the main plants that slaughtered adult cattle for
Coop (these plants covered about 82% of beef meat sold in 2013). The main
environmental impacts are related to energy and water consumption, in addition
to the management of slaughtering residues.
An important hypothesis is the relative efficiency (yield) of meat production.
In particular, in 2013 the average slaughtering weight was updated and the
following data was considered:
– Adult bovine weight: 620 kg;
– Dressed yield: 59%;
– Boneless meat yield: 82%.
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
1.000 km 350 km 250 km 200 km
COLOMBEROTTOMoriago della Battaglia - TV
www.colomberottoqualitanellecarni.it
UNIPEGReggio Emilia - RE
www.unipeg.it
INALCACastelvetro di Modena – MO
www.inalca.it
CLAIFaenza – RA
www.clai.it
Mother cow management
Farm management Slaughterhouse Meat processing Retail store
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Transformation and preparation
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
1.000 km 350 km 250 km 200 km
NOvACOOP TORINO DORARETAIL STORE
BUTCHER’S COUNTER
COOPLOGISTICAL PLATfORM
Reggio Emilia - RE
Mother cow management
Farm management Slaughterhouse Meat processing Retail store
After the slaughtering phase, half-carcasses were moved to processing
platforms where the meat was packaged in two different ways:
– Vacuum packaged (in PE bags) and then dispatched to the retail stores
equipped with butcher’s counters, where the beef cuts are further portioned
and packaged in EPS trays or sold over the counter;
– In EPS trays: in this case the packaged product is distributed to retail stores
ready to be sold to the final customer.
For EPD purposes, Reggio Emilia’s logistical-processing platform was chosen
because it is one of the main platforms that works and sorts products for Coop.
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Retail store
After beef meat processing at platforms, the
product is sent to retail stores, ready for being sold
(packaged in EPS trays) or, if necessary,
subsequently processed.
In retail stores equipped with butcher’s counters,
as the one analysed for this EPD (NovaCoop Torino
Dora), the product comes almost all vacuum-
packaged from logistical platforms and then it is
further processed and portioned in trays or sold
over the counter, on customer requirements’ basis.
In order to assess the environmental aspects
related to this phase, energy, water and packaging
material consumption were collected. Cold chain
electricity consumption - i.e. for cold storage and
department’s temperature maintaining - were also
included.
Transports’ impacts have been calculated on 200
km distance basis that is an average value between
platforms and retail stores.
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
1.000 km 350 km 250 km 200 km
* Photo of Antonella Di Girolamo for Coop.
Mother cow management
Farm management Slaughterhouse Meat processing Retail store
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Results, part I
1 kg of adult bovine boneless meat:
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCESDATA REFERRED TO 1 KG OF ADUlT BOVINE
BONElESS MEAT
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
TOTALMOTHER COwMANAGEMENT
FEEDMANURE
AND ENTERICFERMENTATION
FARM PHASEAND OTHER
PRIMARyPACKAGING
PRODUCTION
SlAUGHTERHOUSEAND MEAT
PROCESSINGACTIVITIES
FINAl PROCESSING
AND TRANSPORT
PRIMARyPACKAGING
END-OF-lIFE
Material ResourcesIN GRAMMES
Magnesium(& compounds)
< 0.01 99.5 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 99.5
Potassium chloride 25.5 53.6 < 0.01 1.6 < 0.01 0.6 0.1 < 0.01 81.3
Limestone (CaCO3) 8.0 59.7 < 0.01 0.8 0.4 2.4 2.0 0.1 73.4
Sodium Chloride 1.7 45.7 < 0.01 0.3 0.3 5.2 0.7 0.1 53.9
Phoshorous 7.2 35.8 < 0.01 0.5 < 0.01 < 0.03 < 0.01 < 0.01 43.6
Others 3.7 14.8 < 0.01 0.2 6.4 0.6 0.3 < 0.03 26.0
Energy ResourcesIN GRAMMES
Coal 33.3 81.7 < 0.01 6.5 14.6 89.0 78.1 < 0.04 303.4
Oil 301.2 312.5 < 0.02 61.1 43.0 46.9 41.4 < 0.03 806.2
Natural Gas 69.8 114.2 < 0.01 10.8 29.3 214.9 143.8 < 0.03 582.8
Others < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.2 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.2
RENEWABLE RESOURCESDATA REFERRED TO 1 KG OF ADUlT BOVINE
BONElESS MEAT
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
TOTALMOTHER COwMANAGEMENT
FEEDMANURE
AND ENTERICFERMENTATION
FARM PHASEAND OTHER
PRIMARyPACKAGING
PRODUCTION
SlAUGHTERHOUSEAND MEAT
PROCESSINGACTIVITIES
FINAl PROCESSING
AND TRANSPORT
PRIMARyPACKAGING
END-OF-lIFE
Material ResourcesIN GRAMMES
Wood & Biomass 2.9 3.4 < 0.01 0.6 26.1 13.5 9.1 < 0.01 55.5
Energy ResourcesIN MEGAjOUlE
Hydroelectric 0.3 0.7 < 0.01 < 0.04 0.1 0.6 0.6 < 0.01 2.2
Wind < 0.01 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.2 0.2 < 0.01 0.4
Solar < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 < 0.01 0.2 0.2 < 0.01 0.4
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Results, part II
1 kg of adult bovine boneless meat:
* Direct water consumption that is equivalent to the Blue component of the Virtual Water Content.
NOTE – The numbers reported in the tables above are the outcome of rounding. For this reason total results could slightly differ from the sum of contributions of the different phases.
WATER CONSUMPTIONDATA ExPRESSED IN lITERS *
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
TOTALMOTHER COwMANAGEMENT
FEEDMANURE
AND ENTERICFERMENTATION
FARM PHASEAND OTHER
PRIMARyPACKAGING
PRODUCTION
SlAUGHTERHOUSEAND MEAT
PROCESSINGACTIVITIES
FINAl PROCESSING
AND TRANSPORT
PRIMARyPACKAGING
END-OF-lIFE
153.5 1,107.4 < 0.01 22.0 0.6 29.4 41.4 < 0.02 1,354.2
IMPACT INDICATORSDATA REFERRED TO 1 KG OF ADUlT BOVINE
BONElESS MEAT
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
TOTALMOTHER COwMANAGEMENT
FEEDMANURE
AND ENTERICFERMENTATION
FARM PHASEAND OTHER
PRIMARyPACKAGING
PRODUCTION
SlAUGHTERHOUSEAND MEAT
PROCESSINGACTIVITIES
FINAl PROCESSING
AND TRANSPORT
PRIMARyPACKAGING
END-OF-lIFE
Global Warming Potential GWP – kg CO2 equivalent 11.6 3.9 5.1 0.3 0.2 1.6 0.7 < 0.03 23.4
Ozone Creating Potential POCP – g C2H4 equivalent 2.6 1.6 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 < 0.01 6.2
Acidification Potential AP – g SO2 equivalent 248.9 27.4 62.6 1.9 0.7 3.1 2.1 < 0.01 346.6
Eutrophication Potential EP – g PO4 equivalent 90.9 44.0 14.3 1.1 < 0.05 0.8 0.8 < 0.01 151.9
WASTEDATA REFERRED TO 1 KG OF ADUlT BOVINE
BONElESS MEAT
UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM
TOTALMOTHER COwMANAGEMENT
FEEDMANURE
AND ENTERICFERMENTATION
FARM PHASEAND OTHER
PRIMARyPACKAGING
PRODUCTION
SlAUGHTERHOUSEAND MEAT
PROCESSINGACTIVITIES
FINAl PROCESSING
AND TRANSPORT
PRIMARyPACKAGING
END-OF-lIFE
Hazardous waste – IN GRAMMES 0.4 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.2 14.4 303.3 < 0.05 < 0.01 318.4
NON-Hazardous waste – IN GRAMMES 4.2 < 0.01 < 0.01 5.6 69.4 2,123.7 256.1 < 0.01 2,458.9
Waste to recycling – IN GRAMMES 1.9 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 16.0 901.2 90.0 < 0.01 1,009.2
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Home cold storage and cooking
Phases subsequent to slaughter and meat processing require an increase
in the number of hypotheses to obtain precise results. This consideration is
even more important for phases such as home cold storage and cooking. The
environmental impacts estimation associated with these two phases follows
what is suggested in the PCR reference document.
Home cold storage
It was estimated that beef meat, after being purchased by the customer, may
be stored in the refrigerator for 3 days. The Carbon Footprint related to
home cold storage, based on these assumptions, is equal to 0.19 kg CO2 eq
per kilogram of meat.
Cooking
Data regarding this phase is approximate, because it entirely depends on
consumer tastes and habits. For hypothesis, raw consumption and two
different cooking types were taken into account: cooking a steak in a pan for
5 minutes (the Carbon Footprint is 0.49 kg CO2 eq per kilogram of beef) and a
roast in a pot, for two hours (whose Carbon Footprint is equal to 3.22 kg CO2
eq per kilogram of beef).
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Results interpretation
Carbon footprint of Coop labelled beef meat
Environmental impact data have been rigorously calculated up to the slaughterhouse phase included.
After this phase, many factors may affect the final result making non-unique impact attribution per kg of meat.
Carbon Footprint of meat at slaughterhouse gate (dressed yield 59%).
Carbon Footprint of meat at the retail store. In order to evaluate this impact, it is necessary to consider boneless meat yield, intended to be 82%. This yield is not a fixedvalue and it depends on the desired beef cuts.
Impact of ready-to-eat meat taking into account home cold storage and cooking. Sincecooking procedures and habits could be very different, data are presented as a rangewhose extremes are: raw consumption (24.1 kg CO
2 eq) and two hours cooking in the
pot (26.8 kg CO2 eq).
Per kG Of CarCaSS
Per kG Of Meat at tHe retaiL StOre
Per kG Of ready-tO-eat Meat
18.5
23.4
24.1 26.8
kg CO2 eq
considered
scenario
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Results interpretation
Energy mix used in the analysed Italian stables that raised cattle for Coop:
80%
20%
100%
40%
60%
0%
2012 2013
13%
24%
63%
23%
24%
53%
ENERGy FROM BIOGAS COGENERATION
ENERGy FROM PHOTOVOlTAIC SySTEM
ENERGy FROM NATIONAl GRID
23%
24%
53%
BiOGaS
PHOtOVOLtaiC
NatiONaL Grid
farM
2013
ENERGy
Renewable energy produced in Coop farm suppliers
Final total results reported in this product declaration do not reveal the environmental interventions carried out by farmers and focused to reduce the
environmental burden of animal raising, considering that the farm management has a limited weight on the total life cycle impact (about 1-2%). For this reason,
some consideration on environmental sustainability of farms were done. One important aspect related to many Coop farm suppliers is the production of energy
from renewable sources; 2012 and 2013 data is compared below.
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Additional indicators
ADDITIONAL INDICATORS MOTHER COwMANAGEMENT
FEEDMANURE
AND ENTERICFERMENTATION
FARM PHASEAND OTHER
PRIMARyPACKAGING
PRODUCTION
SlAUGHTERHOUSEAND MEAT
PROCESSINGACTIVITIES
FINAl PROCESSING
AND TRANSPORT
PRIMARyPACKAGING
END-OF-lIFETOTAL
Ecological Footprint – global m2 48.9 39.5 < 0.01 0.7 0.5 4.5 1.9 0.1 96.0
Green Water – iN LiterS 14,361 7,926 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 22,287
Blue Water – iN LiterS 153 1,107 < 0.01 22 1 29 41 < 0.02 1,354
Grey Water – iN LiterS 120 1,957 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 2,076
Totale – iN LiterS 14,634 10,990 < 0.01 22 1 29 41 < 0.02 25,717
Vir
tual
Wat
er
Co
nte
nt
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Beef Meat EPD • 2013-10-30
Glossary
EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAl – EP
GlOBAl wARMING POTENTIAl – GWP
ACIDIFICATION POTENTIAl – aPIt is a form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses substandard levels of pH. It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of SO2, NOx and NH3. The acidification potential is measured in grams of equivalent Sulfur Dioxide (SO2).
It is an extreme proliferation of vegetation in the aquatic ecosystem caused by the addition of nutrients into rivers, lakes or ocean, which determinates a lack of oxygen. Eutrophication potential is mainly caused by emission into water of phosphate and nitrates. It is expressed in equivalent grams of PO4
-.
PHOTOCHEMICAl OzONECREATION POTENTIAl – POCP
Chemical reactions brought about by the light energy of the sun. The reaction of nitrogen oxides with hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight forms the ozone in the troposphere. The indicator mainly consists of VOCs (Volatile organic compounds) and is usually expressed in grams of equivalent ethylene oxide (g C2H4).
Also known as Carbon Footprint (CF), it represents the total amount of greenhouse gases produced along the entire Life Cycle. It is expressed in mass equivalent of carbon dioxide (CO2 eq).
MaLe CattLeMale cattle aged over 12 and under 24 months, raised for meat production.For Coop, the age range is between 16 and 22 months.
feMaLe CattLeFemale cattle aged over 12 and under 24 months, who has not given birth yet.For Coop, the age range is between 13 and 22 months.
aduLt BOViNe It generically means the beef cattle, both male and female, more than 12 months old.
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Additional information
This declaration and further regarding information are available at: www.environdec.com
References
– International EPD® Consortium;General Programme Instructions (EPD);ver. 2.01 of 2013/09/18
– PCR for Meat of mammals, fresh chilledor frozen; ver. 2.0 of 2013/07/22
– ISO 14040/14044:2006, ISO series onlife Cycle Assessment, www.iso.org
– IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inven-tories Volume 4 Agriculture, Forestry and Other land Use chapter 10 emissions from livestock and manure management, www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp
– Software SimaPro ver. 8 www.pre.nl
Technical report
Coop Italia life Cycle Assessment of Beefand Veal Meat, detailed hypothesis, rev.1.3.
PCR review
conducted by International EPD® SystemTechnical Committee
Indipendent verification
CCPB srlViale A. Masini, 36 – 40126 Bolognawww.ccpb.it
Accreditation approved by:Accredia
Independent verification of the declarationand data, according to ISO 14025:2006
EPD verification EPD Process verification
ContactsFor additional information relative to Coop activities or in regards to this environmental declaration, please contact:
Claudio Mazzini Coop Italia – Innovation, Sustainability and Values Manager
Francesca GuarnieriCoop Italia – Innovation, Sustainability and Values [email protected]
Nicola BrinaCoop Italia – Coop Meat and Fish Product Manager
Sara DagaCoop Italia – Meat and Fish Supervisor
Technical support and graphic design
life Cycle Engineering srl – Italywww.lcengineering.eu
Environmental declarations published within the same product category, though originating from different programs, may not be comparable.
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