PC MAINTANENCE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS.

OBJECTIVES:

1.1 Intro to Computer Component Input Processing Output Input and Output1.2 The types of computer system1.3 Identifying Computer Components1.4 Maintenance Tools

PC MAINTANENCECHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS.1.1 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER COMPONENTA computer system has three main components:

HardwareThe computer itselfand its associated equipment

SoftwareThe instructions that tell a computer what to do. (program).

PeopleProgrammer, userA computer system consists of 4 main areas of data handling :-Input

Processing

Output

Storage

Input devicesTake data in machine-readable form and send it to the processing unit.The input device : keyboard, mouse, scanners

The processor (CPU)manipulate input into the information wanted. executes computer instructions.

Output devices make the processed data available for use. (information)Output -a screen monitor (softcopy) and a printer (hardcopy).

Storage usually (secondary storage)Storage devices : diskettes, hardisk.

INPUTOUTPUTCUALUSTORAGE(Primary:Register)STORAGE(secondary)PROCESSINGSTORAGE(Primary:Main Memory)Computer Architecture

1. InputInput is the data raw facts you put into the computer system for processing. Data entry can be in writing, speaking, pointing, or even by just looking at the data.Some example of the input devices are: keyboard. mouse. Scanners JoystickBar code readerFloppy / CD / USB drive.

2. Processingresponsible for transforming raw data into processed information.CPU unit interpret and execute program instructions (ALU), as well as communicate with the input, output, and storage devices (CU). Some example of the processor are: Intel Pentium and Celeron seriesAMD Athlon and Duron series IBM Cyrix series

3. OutputOutput is raw data processed into usable information. Two common output devices are screens (softcopy) and printers (hardcopy).For both softcopy and hardcopy, the output can be categorized into either text documents, graphic or multimedia output.Some example of the output devices are: printermonitor. plotterspeaker

4. Storage2 types : primary and secondaryPrimary storage store data temporarily until the data has been processed and been sent to output device or secondary storage.Examples : Register (reside in CPU) and Main Memory (outside of CPU; RAM) volatile. The speed of this storage is faster than secondary storage.

Secondary storage additional storage separate from memory. Slow than primary storage but has a large capacity than primary storage. non-volatile.Examples : magnetic disk (hard disk, diskettes) optical disk (CDs, DVDs) and magnetic tape (Cassettes).

Computer are categorized based on differences in size, speed, processing capabilities, and price. The 6 major categories of computers are Personal computersHandheld computersInternet appliancesMid-range serversMainframes Supercomputers

1.2 THE TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMPersonal Computer 1. Desktop (Tower model, All in one, Workstations)Designed fit entirely on or under a desk or table. (not portable)

Notebookportable personal computer small enough fit on user lap.Handheld computersPDA (personal digital assistant)

Internet appliancesa computer with limited functionality.The purpose is to connect to the Internet.

Mid-range serversmore powerful and larger than a workstation computer

Mainframes a large, expensive, very powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.

Supercomputers the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive category of computer.

casingmotherboardprocessor power supplymemory module/RAMDrive-hard disk drivefloppy driveCD driveIDE and FDC cableInterface card - video/display cardsound cardPeripherals (external) - keyboard, mouse, speaker, printer, microphone and monitor.

1.3 INDENTIFYING COMPUTER COMPONENTSExternal (outside from computer casing) = pheriperalsmonitor - now with flat and LCD screen.Keyboard - cordless or traditional chassis - contains central processing unit (CPU) mouse - also available as cordless, IR or traditionalUSB (Universal Serial Bus) Hubs/ports - hot swappable PrinterFloppy disk drive

Internal (install inside computer casing) HardiskMotherboard the main circuit of the computer system.CPUExpansion slots - to add cards for various devices, including memory chips Power Supply - connection to electrical power for system. Clock - battery powered, keeps track of date and time Cables - to connect floppy drives, hard drives, and other devices. Network card graphics cardvideo card RAM chips Cooling fan(s) for CPU. Failure to cool may result in the destruction of your hard drive.

Hardware toolkits To open up a computerESD toolkits - (Electrostatic Discharge)Spare parts save technicians time.

1.4 MAINTENANCE TOOLS

Hardware Toolkits

Phillip Screwdrivers: to open up most of the screws in pc.

Flat Blade Screwdriver: to open up some of the screws in pc.

Needle-Nose Pliers: These are useful for grasping small items and for removing and replacing jumpers on circuit boards.

Wire Snips: A pair of wire snips for cutting wire and stripping insulation.

Hardware Toolkits (continue)

A Small Flashlight: Very useful; the insides of PC boxes are quite dark.

Tweezers: Or even better, a part retriever. A retriever is like a tiny set of retractable claws with a spring-loaded handle.

A Large Crowbar: For making adjustments to stubborn hardware.

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Hardware Toolkits (continue)

A Roll of Black Electrical Tape: Used for wrapping wire ends and insulating components.

A Can of Compressed Air: Very handy for cleaning things hands-free and without using any hazardous liquids.

A Soft, Lint-Free Cloth: For cleaning the monitor and other components.

Cable tied: to dressing up the cables inside the computer.

Electrostatic Discharge Toolshelp user not to accidentally damage the computer components with a static discharge.

ESD Wrist Strap: This is more of a safety device than a tool; it is used to greatly reduce the chances of static damage to components. ESD mats: the technician have to step on it while doing the maintenance process.ESD bag: use to pack the components before moving it to another place.

Spare partsScrewsExpansion Card InsertsDrive FaceplatesMounting KitsCablesKeyboard, Mouse, 3.5" Floppy Drive