PBH101.36

C A N D I D AT E : M I M B I N T E H A S A N

I D : 1 5 1 0 0 1 4 0 3 0

FA C U LT Y: D R . A M Z A D A L I

1. NAME SOME MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS OF BANGLADESH WITH PROBABLE SOLUTION IN THE LIGHT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECT.

Health is defined as “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

The health problems of Bangladesh can be conveniently grouped under the following headlines:

1.Communicable disease problems

2.Nutritional problems

3.Environmental sanitation problems

4.Health problems.

CONTINUE NO.1Communicable Disease Problems Communicable diseases are still the major diseases in Bangladesh. Mortality & morbidity due to these disease are very high. Infectious diseases like cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, leprosy, tetanus, measles, rabies, venereal diseases and parasitic diseases like malaria, filariasis, worm infestations are responsible for major morbidity.

Nutritional Problems Bangladesh suffers from some of the most severe malnutrition problems.

Specific nutritional problems in the country are:

1.Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM): The chief cause of it is insufficient food intake.

2.Nutritional anaemia: The most frequent cause is iron deficiency and less frequently follate and vitamin B12 deficiency.

3.Xerophthalmia: The chief cause is nutritional

deficiency of Vit-A.

1.Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders.

2.Others: Lethyrism, endemic fluorosis etc.

CONTINUE NO.1

Environmental Sanitation Problems The most difficult problem to tackle in this country is perhaps the environmental sanitation problem which is multi-faceted and multi-factorial. The twin problems of environmental sanitation are—

• Lack of safe drinking water in many areas of the country.

• Preventive methods of excreta disposal.

CONTINUE NO.1

Health Problems

• Indiscriminate defecation resulting in filth and water pond disease like diarrahoea, dysentery, enteric fever, hepatitis, hook worm infestations.

• Poor rural housing with no arrangement for proper ventilation, lighting etc.

• Poor sanitation of public eating and market places.

• Inadequate drainage, disposal of refuse and animal waste.

• Absence of adequate MCH care services.

• Absence and/ or adequate health education to the rural areas.

• Absence and/or inadequate communications and transport facilities for workers of the public health.

• Absence of control of communicable diseases.

CONTINUE NO.1

The solutions are:

Diarrhoea can be reduced by 26% when basic water, hygiene and sanitation are supplied.

Malaria can be reduced by using mosquito nets meets with problems of affordability and social acceptability.

Trachoma can be prevented by improving sanitation, reducing the breeding sites of flies and teaching children to wash their faces with clean water.

Water management can play an important role in reducing transmission risks. But it must be combined with drug treatment, the provision of safe drinking-water and adequate sanitation.

2. DIFFERENTIATE DISEASE FROM SICKNESS AND ILLNESS.

“Disease … is a pathological process, most often physical as in throat infection, or cancer of the bronchus, sometimes undetermined in origin, as in schizophrenia. The quality which identifies disease is some deviation from a biological norm. There is an objectivity about disease which doctors are able to see, touch, measure, smell. Diseases are valued as the central facts in the medical view…

CONTINUE NO.2

“Illness … is a feeling, an experience of unhealth which is entirely personal, interior to the person of the patient. Often it accompanies disease, but the disease may be undeclared, as in the early stages of cancer or tuberculosis or diabetes. Sometimes illness exists where no disease can be found. Traditional medical education has made the deafening silence of illness-in-the-absence-of-disease unbearable to the clinician. The patient can offer the doctor nothing to satisfy his senses…

CONTINUE NO.2

“Sickness … is the external and public mode of unhealth. Sickness is a social role, a status, a negotiated position in the world, a bargain struck between the person henceforward called ‘sick’, and a society which is prepared to recognise and sustain him. The security of this role depends on a number of factors, not least the possession of that much treasured gift, the disease. Sickness based on illness alone is a most uncertain status. But even the possession of disease does not guarantee equity in sickness. Those with a chronic disease are much less secure than those with an acute one; those with a psychiatric disease than those with a surgical one … . Best is an acute physical disease in a young man quickly determined by recovery or death—either will do, both are equally regarded.

CONTINUE NO.2

An illness is a general term that people will use to describe themselves when they do not feel well. They may or may not have been diagnosed by a doctor.

A disease is more specific and is determined by a physician or health worker.The term sickness is usually applied if people miss work or cannot function normally in society.

The term sickness is usually applied if people miss work or cannot function normally in society.

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Presentation By, Mim Binte Hasan