pattern-based thinking for interdisciplinary urban ......interdisciplinary urban infrastructure...

Collaboration for Life

Pattern-based Thinking for Interdisciplinary

Urban Infrastructure Creation

Keith Duddy, Simon Kaplan


Thinking in systems, designs, patterns


Structure

• Our problem

• Patterns & pattern languages

• Multi-viewpoint modelling: an example of patterns in action

• Call to action


problem: smart citiesGovernment

(planning, reticulations)

Urban Planners

Citizens

Technologists

IT industryDevelopers

Government(IT, security, parking, …)

City org structure & change

what is a smart city, anyway?increased complexity


Design PatternsName: Stair Seats

Image(s) capturing pattern essence

Problem to be solved: Wherever there is action in a place, provide somewhere to sit, high enough to give a vantage point, but low enough to put people into the action

Solution: Add stairs to edges to support congregation

Consequences and trade-offs: (stair heights and designs)

Related patterns: Seat spots, soft tile & brick, connection to the earth, window place, …


Design PatternsName: Light on two sides of every room


Problem to be solved: People do not occupy rooms that are only lit on one side (harsh gradients, uncomfortable, etc)

Solution: Make room more welcoming and comfortable by having natural light on at least two sides of every room

Consequences and trade-offs: (design considerations, eg wrinkled edges to achieve spread of outdoor wall space, ceiling heights)

Related patterns: positive outdoor space, roof layout, natural doors and windows, window place, deep reveals.


Pattern LanguageGroup patterns into hierarchy to create a ‘language’

Light on two sides of every room

Wings of light Positive outdoor space Long thin house

Natural doors and windows Window place Deep reveals Filtered light


Alexander’s influence

• Weak in architecture (because, perhaps obvious to architects)

• Very strong indeed in other design disciplines,like Software Engineering

- No established design vernacular/vocabulary

- Revolutionary impact


A software design patternName: Decorator


Problem to be solved: Software objects need to change functionality dynamically, but in a controlled/structured way

Solution: Design and implement your objects so they can automatically delegate functionalities to auxiliary objects called decorations

Consequences and trade-offs: (to do with state management, eliminating complexities)

Related patterns: adaptor, facade.


How are patterns created?

• A literary process within a community

• Open, sharing culture

• Many eyeballs

• Rewrite, rewrite, simplify, generalise, …


Application to smart cities?

Build a common vernacular across smart city stakeholders using

design patterns idea


Challenges

• Build a community

• Create a sharing culture


Name: Lead, not lag


Problem to be solved: Cities want to improve their liveability, but existing measures use lag indicators often up to a decade old.

Solution: replace lag indicators by leading indicators tracking (near) real-time state of the city, to allow faster feedback and decision-making

Consequences and trade-offs: (to do with risks around real-time measurement, ephemeral vs substantive insights, etc)

Related patterns: ubiquitous communications substrate, traffic, parking, people movement, …

A smart city design pattern



Name: People movement


Problem to be solved: better insight into how people move around a city can allow for improved design and amenity.

Solution: use technologies to track how people move around the city to build a picture of actual vs planned use.

Consequences and trade-offs: (to do with privacy, seasonal data, …)

Related patterns: ubiquitous communications substrate, traffic, parking, public communications infrastructure, privacy-rules, …



Name: See and use

Image(s) capturing pattern essence (next slide)

Problem to be solved: cities collect lots of data now, and could collect more with sensor networks.But this data is locked up/siloed, reducing impact and benefit and creating missed opportunities.

Solution: A smart city management platform can free data, allow horizontal integration, and foster insight and actions.

Consequences and trade-offs: (to do with organisational barriers, creating vision, … )

Related patterns: ubiquitous communications substrate, lead not lag, traffic, parking, public communications infrastructure, sharing across the council, …


Model Oriented Domain Analysis & Engineering Thinking Tools for Interdisciplinary Research, Design, and Engineering

commonality and variability analysis

knowledge reusecollaboration between humans

collaboration between humans & software agentscollaboration between software agents

critical analysis of physical externalitiescritical analysis of social externalities

working at the boundaries of knowledge

knowledge validationknowledge sharing

knowledge visualisation

validation of shared understanding

knowledge formalisationcreative synthesis of knowledge


Interdisciplinary foundations

1. Appreciation for a system — Systems thinking, pattern-based thinking, kaizen management system, product lines, core assets, product platform, product engineering

2. Knowledge about variation — Domain analysis, kaizen, waigaya, agile software development

3. Theory of knowledge — Deming’s system of profound knowledge, domain engineering, knowledge representation, cultural transmission

4. Psychology — Perception, learning styles, cognitive filters, neurodiversity, high performance teams, optimal conflict

W. Edwards Deming


Patterns - a basis for Models• Alexander & Gamma et al patterns are mostly text with one

or two pictures to create an intuitive understanding

‣ Ambiguity is intentional to allow broader fit

‣ Patterns are instantiated to capture designs with more specificity - this can be done multiple times

• Visual thinking allows for easier inter-disciplinary co-design

‣ Aids communication when informal (whiteboard, mind-map)

‣ Creates a Model when formal - and this can then be used to build:

- Buildings, Software, Event Correlation Specifications

• Patterns occur, and re-occur in Models

• we use a Lens concept to detect patterns and instantiate models


AUT – Auckland University of Technology

MODA + MODE is being integrated into the curriculum on entrepreneurial strategies, creative technologies,

and methodologies for trans-disciplinary research and collaboration


A modelling language for human behaviour

design / engineeringtransportation / communication

quality / maintenance

energy / foodproduction

culture

value creation

human artefactshuman symbols

critical self-reflection

nature

human societies

motivations

resourcesevents

agents

interactions

The human

lens


play, learn, observe, question, innovate

value creationmotivations

interactions

The human lensto make sense of the world and the natural environment from a human perspective,

to evolve our value systems, and to structure and optimise human activities

system lens

semanticlens

logistic lens


The systems lens

resourcesevents

agents

interactions

A modelling language for complex adaptive systems

to understand and reason about systems


Example (instantiated systems lens)

A modelling language for complex adaptive systems

to understand and reason about systems

agent : Bob agent : Joe

resource : tomato

event : eat lunch

buyerseller

valuable resource

logistic event

economic agents


The semantic lens

A modelling language for purpose and value systems



nature

human societies

motivations

to make sense of the world and the natural environment from a human perspective


Example (instantiated semantic lens)

A modelling language for purpose and value systems

artefact : boatssymbols : “boat”, “fuel”, “exhaust” …

critical self-reflection : pollution

nature : Hauraki Gulf

society : clean and green New Zealanders

to make sense of the world and the natural environment from a human perspective


Human motivations – evolution of value systems

observe & question



nature

human societies observe

observe

observe

observe

question


The logistic lens

A modelling language for value creation and recycling

design / engineering

transportation / communication

quality / maintenance

energy / foodproduction

culture

value creation

to structure and optimise human activities within a given culture


Example (instantiated logistic lens)

A modelling language for value creation and recycling

design : supply chain

transportation : containers, rail, road, ships

quality : timely delivery, taste, etc.

food production : grower

culture : co-operative

to structure and optimise human activities within a given culture

valuable information &resources

logistic events

economic agent


semantic category human artefacts

semantic categoryhuman society

motivation Deliver Better Transport

principle Practice everyday

improvement, everybody improvement,

everywhere, improvement

agentAuckland City Council

valuable resource Bus with GPS

logistic event category communicate

agentUrbanPulse bus

location

logistic event category communicate

valuable resourcesmart timetable

semantic category example:

human symbols

logistic event category transport

The logistic lens is a modelling language forvalue creation and recycling

The semantic lens is a modelling language for purpose and value systems

making sense of the world and the natural environment from a human perspective

structuring and optimising human activities within a given culture

principles are beliefs that are assumed to assist in achieving the stated goal(s)

The semantic lens assigns all (motivation, principle) tuples to one of five categories The logistic lens assigns all economic activities to one of five event categories

valuable resources are artefacts, knowledge, or experiences that are associated

with at least one motivation within the semantic lens of a given culture


Call to action

• Requires multiple actors from multiple disciplinary backgrounds

• A physical meeting place (regular workshops)

• A virtual meeting place (eg wiki) to maintain momentum

• What fora can we leverage? What new is required?


play, learn, observe, question, innovate

Scientists, Engineers, Entrepreneurs, Artists & Mathematicians

CIIC brings together academic researchers and practitioners every 3 months to tackle wicked problems that don’t have an obvious solution.

Challenges that Go Beyond the Established Framework of Research in Industry, Government and Academia

Conference on Interdisciplinary Innovation and Collaboration

https://ciic.s23m.com/about/



• Allows knowledge to flourish in the open creative open spaces between disciplines and organisational silos

• Complements the typical yearly cycle of domain-specific conferences • The quarterly cycle and feedback loop between teams supports

on-going and longer-term collaborations more effectively than yearly events• Captures knowledge flows and transdisciplinary insights in reusable semantic models and patterns • Currently runs in Auckland at AUT and in Melbourne at RMIT,

and the CIIC community is available to assist with replicating the concept in other locations• The CIIC Web site and online tools are available for coordinating collaboration between locations• Further co-sponsors from industry, academia, and government are welcome• Large organisation are now inquiring about establishing regular in-house CIIC style events

CIIC invites communities and economic ecosystems to sharpen their collaborative edge by embracing open innovation.

Conference on Interdisciplinary Innovation and Collaboration




Thank you!

S23M & Urban Institute

info @ s23m.com info @ ui.city

Nothing beats capturing the knowledge flow of leading domain experts to co-create

organisations & systems that are understandable by future generations of

humans & software tools.

pattern-based thinking for interdisciplinary urban ......interdisciplinary urban infrastructure...

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