Patricia Dotson & Erika Conde

ANXIETY DISORDERS: OBSESSIVE

COMPULSIVE DISORDER AND

CLAUSTROPHOBIA

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Causes Areas of the brain Hereditary

Signs and Symptoms Repeated thoughts or

images Rituals No control Brief relief

Who’s at risk? Childhood and teen years Equal among men and

women

Diagnosis Obsessions and/or

Compulsions Excessive or Unreasonable Time-consuming

Obsession Criteria Persistent/Unwelcomed

thoughts causing distress Compulsive behaviors

Compulsion Criteria Repetitive behaviors

Treatments Psychotherapy Medication

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER

Inherited Factors:1. No specific genes

have been discovered

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: An information guide ( © 2001 CAMH)

Constitutional (biological)

Vulnerability

Psychiatric Outcome: Obsessive

Compulsive Disorder

Cognitive Factors:1. Obsessions 2. Compulsions

3. Time-consuming Rituals

4. Exaggerated Responsibility

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Unearthing a

Hidden Problem – Sayegh, Bea, Angelopoulos

Stress (Sociocultural Factors): 1. Emotional stress, such as

new job or ending a relationship

2. Life Events Obsessive-compulsive

disorder: An information guide ( © 2001 CAMH)

Neuromaturational Factors (Biological):

1. Levels of Serotonin 2. Brain Activity – caudate

nucleus, prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Unearthing a Hidden

Problem – Sayegh, Bea, Angelopoulos

CLAUSTROPHOBIA

Causes Childhood Trauma Classical Conditioning Smaller Amygdala Prepared Phobia

Signs and Symptoms Hyperventilation Panic Attacks Sweating

Who’s at risk? Children/teens

Diagnosis Claustrophobia

Questionnaire Claustrophobia Scale

Treatments CBT (Cognitive

Behavior Therapy) Drug Therapy Relaxation Exercises Alternative/Natural

medicines

CLAUSTROPHOBIA

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/37062.php

VIDEO

Inherited Factors:1. Family History

2. Evolutionary survival mechanism

3. History of nervousnessMurphy & JA Brunberg (1997): anxiety and

sedation in MRI

Constitutional (biological)

Vulnerability

Psychiatric Outcome:

Claustrophobia

Cognitive Factors:1. Perceived absence of

controlClaustrophobia in MRI: the role of cognitions (Magnetic Resonance

Imaging)

Stress (Sociocultural Factors):

1. Associated with confinement/restriction-

generally coincides the fear of suffocation

2. Result of traumatic or unpleasant experiences

(panic attacks)Murphy & JA Brunberg (1997): anxiety and sedation in MRI

Neuromaturational Factors (Biological):

1. Certain Brain Functions affect the onset of anxiety

disorders2. Lower levels of GABA

3. RRP Theory4. Amygdala dysfunction

http://www.ccjm.org/content/70/10/824.full.pdf+htmlhttp://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/

journals/0890-8567/PIIS0890856709658615.pdfhttp://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/health_information/

a_z_mental_health_and_addiction_information/obsessive_compulsive_disorder/obsessive_compulsive_disorder_information_guide/Pages/ocd_causes.aspx#biological

http://anxietysupportcenter.com/panic-anxiety-disorders/claustrophobia/

http://www.epigee.org/mental_health/claustrophobia.htmlhttp://www.bozemanskinclinic.com/rrp/claustrophobia.php

BIBLIOGRAPHY