pathways of nutrient movement...the nature and properties of soil 13. th. edition nyle c. brady and...
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Pathways of Nutrient Movement
Kerry Goodrich, AgronomistNRCS/Central National Technology Support Center
Nutrient Cycles
• Nutrients are not static in the environment
• All nutrients have cycles.
• Nutrient cycles typically have leaks.
Nitrogen Losses and Transformations
Volatilization
Mineralization
Leaching
Denitrification
Nitrification
The nature and properties of Soil 13th edition Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil 2002
Nitrogen Cycle
Source: CORE4 Conservation Practices Manual
Source: CORE4 Conservation Practices Manual
General pool’s of P
Plant residue manure, sludge
Fertilizer
Plant tissue
Soil Organism biomass
Soil in active soil organic Matter
P in slow and passive soil organic matter pool
P retained by clay &By Fe & Al oxides
SoilSolution
Very slow Ca-P minerals
ReadilySolubleCa-P
DominantForms of inorganic P @ High pH andCalcareoussoils
DominantForms @Low pH andNon calcareoussoils
Root uptakeEnhanced by mycorrhizae
Mineralization
Immobilization
Desorption
Adsorption
P occluded in Fe and Al minerals-extremely insoluble
Inorganic forms of P
Input
Losses onErodedparticles
Losses inrunoff
Organic forms of P Brady, Weil 2002Page 618 13th edition
Losses inleaching
Principal Pathways by which Phosphorous is lost from the soil?
1) Plant Removal (5 to 50 kg/ha annual)
2) Erosion- phosphorous carrying particles (.1 to 10 kg/ha annual) on organic and mineral particles
3) Dissolved phosphorous runoff(.01 to 3 kg/ha annual)
Losses:
The nature and properties of Soil 13th edition Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil 2002
Source: CORE4 Conservation Practices Manual
Jim Hoorman, Ohio State University
Use and Retention of Nutrients
Environmental Concerns Related to Manure Land Application of Method
• Odors and other air quality concerns
• Nutrients and fecal coliform in runoff
• Movement of nutrients to groundwater and subsurface flow, particularly via preferential flow.
Exchange Capacity of Soils
• Cation Exchange Capacity- Montmorilinitic clay – (60 – 100)- Kaolinitic clay – (< 15)- Humus – (100 – 300)
• Anion Exchange Capacity
20 years of similar tillage intensity and C inputsbut contrasting types of organic inputs
Crop residuesCover Crops
Animal manureCrop residues
Manure Improves Soil by:
Physical Chemical
Biological
• Increasing buffering capacity
• Increasing chemical activity
• Increasing cation exchange capacity
• Providing N, P, K• Moderating soil
pH• Increasing
biogeochemical nutrient cycling
•Reducing Bulk density
• Increasing OM• Increasing Aggregate stability
• Increasing infiltration
• Increasing Water holding capacity
• Improving Pore size distribution
• Reducing soil toxicosis• Increasing microbial biomass• Increasing soil organisms diversity• Increasing enzymatic activity• Increasing nutrient and vitamin concentration in plants
OM
Grazing Disease - Manure Pox
What were Laurel and Hardy's first names?
A. Joe and BobB. Bruce and SteveC. Dave and BusterD. Stan and Oliver
Joe a
nd Bob
Bruce
and Steve
Dave and Buste
r
Stan and O
liver
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Pathways of Nutrient Movement
Questions: